静电放电电磁脉冲场对针板间隙流注放电的影响分析

为了分析自然环境下静电放电电磁脉冲场对针板间隙流注放电的影响,基于流体动力学理论,建立静电放电电磁脉冲场下流注放电模型,对大气压下10mm针板间隙流注放电过程进行了仿真,研究了静电电磁脉冲场对流注运动发展过程中电场与光子通量的影响,以及得到不同静电电磁脉冲场下流注放电间隙贯穿时间的变化规律。结果表明:无静电电磁脉冲场时,随着时间的推移流注不断向阴极发展,当流注头部靠近阴极时,流注头部电场强度逐渐增大,光子通量幅值亦迅速增长;通入静电电磁脉冲场后,相同时间内,电场向板极推进的速度明显加快,击穿电压阈值显著降低,随着静电放电输出电压的增加,流注贯穿间隙的时间逐渐减小。对于强电磁场环境下电子设备安全防护的研究具有参考意义。     

水中大体积放电产生方法的研究

研究了一种脉冲电压下采用涂覆介质的球一环电极结构在水中产生多通道、辐射状、大体积流注放电的新方法.与以前方法相比,该方法能在较低电压幅值下在水中产生大体积放电.采用光学和电学手段,对流注放电通道的长度、数量、脉冲电压参数(如电压幅值和脉冲宽度)对放电的影响进行了研究.对电极介质涂覆条件下流注的产生与发展做出了理论解释.研究结果表明,水中放电的最大流注长度和通道起始点数均随脉冲电压幅值和脉冲宽度增加而增加.介质涂覆中局部电场的增强和微小缺陷的局部放电在水中形成气泡是水中流注放电起始的根本原因.     

直流电压下两相体放电路径预测（英文）

通过实验研究了两相体放电路径的预测问题,结果表明:放电路径中选择空气或两相体由被畸变的电场决定,而电场的畸变受两相体颗粒粒径大小的影响。为了解释实验现象,利用传统的流注理论和概论统计理论,以泊松方程求解的空间场强为流注发展的判据,并假设流注发展的击穿时间满足Weibull分布,将两相体空间电场畸变后电场值的变化决定流注的发展方向,建立了正极性的放电路径选择的物理模型。将直流电压下两相体放电路径发展问题的目标函数(即最短路径)与连续性Hopfield神经网络的能量函数相对应,将经过的节点顺序(局部电场值的影响大小)与网络的神经元状态相对应,此时对应的节点发展顺序就是待求的最佳路线。仿真和实验结果比较显示,基于该模型两相体直流放电路径选择概率分布的计算结果与实验所得规律一致。     

地线绝缘子间隙放电电流波形特征分析

地线绝缘子并联间隙长度的减小,使其在高感应电压影响下极易产生间隙击穿放电,直接威胁电力系统的安全运行。为了解地线绝缘子间隙放电电流波形特征,进行地线绝缘子不同间隙击穿放电试验研究。测量了试验过程中击穿放电电流波形,分析了其时域和频域特征。分析结果表明,放电电流波形起始段会产生一个大脉冲,脉冲电流幅值达到6 A左右;大脉冲电流过后出现正弦电流波形,其电流幅值约为0. 25 A,持续1～2个周波之后,电流降为0。正弦电流波形中会包含2～4个小脉冲,脉冲正负交替呈现,持续时间约25μs;且在不同间隙宽度下放电电流波形频率集中在50 Hz。同时研究发现将时域和频域特征分析所得结果作为特征量,可以对间隙放电电流波形进行识别。研究结果可以为地线放电故障电流监测提供参考依据。     

正脉冲电压下水中流注放电特性的研究

采用介质涂覆的球-板电极结构,研究了不同电导率、气压和脉冲电压幅值条件下水中流注放电的特性.结果表明,水的电导率和脉冲电压幅值对水中流注速度、图像亮度等有较大影响.不同电导率条件下,气压由0.1 Mpa降至0.006 5 Mpa对水中超音速流注发展平均速度并无明显影响.在低气压时,纯净水中间隙为10%击穿电压(U10)降低,约为一个大气压条件下的80%,而在高电导率的水中,U10几乎不受气压影响.由放电图像和放电电流波形分析可知,在低电导率的水中,流注发展是不连续的分步发展,在每一步的发展中形成一个或多个微小的气泡.     

长持续时间雷电流分量作用下电极形状对金属烧蚀特性的影响

采用试验与数值仿真相结合的方法分析了长持续时间的雷电流分量作用下电极形状对金属烧蚀特性的影响,对比了采用3种形状且不同头部曲率的电极时Al3003金属板的烧蚀面积和烧蚀深度,并结合有限元电场仿真和二维流注发展模型分析了电极影响金属烧蚀特性的原因.结果表明,电极对雷电流金属烧蚀特性的影响很大.在末次回击后长持续时间雷电流分量的作用下,使用尖电极造成的金属烧蚀面积和烧蚀深度最大,半椭球形电极和半球形电极造成的金属烧蚀面积和烧蚀深度次之,这是由于电极形状影响了间隙的初始电离能力以及流注发展过程中的电子密度分布和电子能量密度分布的缘故.     

棒/球-板长间隙的电场分布特征与操作冲击放电电压预测

空气间隙的电场分布是决定其绝缘强度的重要因素,建立电场分布特征与放电电压的关联性是实现绝缘计算的关键.该文针对棒-板和球-板长间隙,提出一种空间电场分布表征方法,对电场有限元仿真结果进行后处理,从极间路径和锥形场域中提取66个特征量.建立基于最小二乘支持向量机的预测模型,以电场分布特征集和放电电压作为输入和输出参数,通过改进灰狼算法对模型进行参数优化,利用最大信息系数法进行特征降维.采用该模型对棒/球-板长间隙进行标准操作冲击放电电压预测,算例结果表明,测试样本预测值与试验值较为吻合,最大相对误差为8.3%,平均绝对百分比误差为3.2%.研究结果可为实现空气间隙绝缘计算提供参考.     

单针-板电极电晕-介质阻挡放电特性研究

研究以玻璃纤维为填充介质的单针-板电极的电晕-介质阻挡放电特性,测量了放电电压、电流波形,计算了放电功率,比较了有、无玻璃纤维填充时放电电流的差别及放电功率随放电间隙距离、电容电流、放电电压的变化关系,分析了填充介质对针-板电极的电晕-介质阻挡放电特性的影响.研究结果表明:大气压条件下纯空气间隙与有玻璃纤维介质填充时的针-板电极的电晕-介质阻挡放电相比:①后者的放电的起始电压更低,放电功率更大;②后者连续放电电流显著减小,而放电脉冲数量和脉冲电流幅值显著增加;③后者负电晕放电有非常明显的放电脉冲,而前者则主要表现为连续的放电电流.     

光电集成电场传感器的设计

基于光电集成技术的电场传感器具有良好的抗电磁干扰能力和很快的响应速度。为了能够测量高电压电力系统中的瞬变电场,该文在基于光电集成技术的电场传感器工作原理的基础上,提出了一种适用于强电场测量的光电集成传感器设计方案。该文将电场传感器分解为调制器和偶极子天线,给出了传感器的等效电路,分别计算了调制器和偶极子天线的参数,最后对电场传感器传递函数的幅频特性及最大可测电场进行了计算。分析计算的结果表明,所设计的电场传感器最大可测电场幅值接近106V/m,同时具有较好的频响特性。     

针电极曲率半径对微间隙空气放电击穿特性的影响

电极结构对低压、微间隙放电击穿特性有一定影响,为了揭示本安开关变换器电容输出短路放电机理,系统研究了电极曲率半径与击穿电压之间的关系。以电极结构对微间隙放电击穿规律为研究目标,围绕针电极曲率半径,采用坐标变换法求解曲率半径与电场分布及击穿电压之间的数学关系。基于该数学表达式及流体-化学动力学理论,提出了低压、微间隙条件下综合考虑场增强因子及曲率半径的二维轴对称针-板电极几何模型,通过研究曲率半径对电子数密度、电场畸变程度的影响,阐明曲率半径对空气放电击穿特性的影响规律,并结合微纳程控放电试验平台进行试验验证。结果表明：针电极表面电子数密度增加越快,电荷积聚效应越显著,阴极表面更易形成场致发射从而击穿间隙产生放电;相同电极间距下,曲率半径越小,畸变电场强度越大,击穿电压越低,当电极间距小于等于8μm时,曲率半径对电场畸变的影响程度大;当电极间距大于8μm时,电极间距对电场畸变的影响起主导作用。研究得出曲率半径与电极间距共同影响电场分布,为进一步揭示微间隙放电机理提供理论参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to