绿洲稳定性初探

绿洲系统是干旱区的脆弱系统争取绿洲系统向稳定性、有序化方向发展是干旱区人类生存和发展所追求的基础目标绿洲稳定性的本质含义是绿洲系统或绿洲生态系统的可持续发展而绿洲的稳定性指标就是绿洲生态系统的稳定性指标,即绿洲规模与绿洲需水量之间的一种定量关系维护绿洲稳定性是项系统工程,主要措施是建立有效防护林体系,保护恢复荒漠—绿洲过渡带植被,处理好生态用水与绿洲开发建设用水的关系,保护耕地和有效防治绿洲土地退化,寻求高效开发、集约经营、协调发展的模式,搞好稳定性系统设计,加强绿洲生态系统管理     

新疆绿洲经济发展地域差异及协调方略

绿洲是干旱区荒漠环境下依赖稳定水源补给（非天然降水）而形成的可供中生植物繁茂生长或人类聚集繁衍的非地带性生态景观。绿洲可划分为人工绿洲与天然绿洲两大类。人工绿洲（人们通常所称的“绿洲”）是干旱区人类生存发展的根据地。绿洲经济是人类长期营造的一种颇具特色的地域经济。新疆是中国典型干旱区，绿洲经济也最具典型。研究绿洲经济地域差异与协调应成为干旱区可持续发展的重要命题。一、新疆绿洲的区域环境背景新疆绿洲所处的环境背景对绿洲经济的形成、发展有深远影响。１．干旱区三大系统之一的绿洲被荒漠所分割和包围新疆是…     

干旱区绿洲植被退化模型的定性分析

考虑水资源对绿洲植被的影响,参考捕食模型,根据数学物理原理建立干旱区绿洲数学模型,并利用常微分方程稳定性理论对该模型进行定性分析,证明了模型在第一象限内无闭轨及平衡解的稳定性。该研究为保护干旱区绿洲植被、实现可持续发展战略提供了基础资料和理论依据。     

绿洲-荒漠生态系统演化因素及其非线性探讨——以新疆为例

对立统一于干旱区的绿洲—荒漠生态系统在降水等自然因素和人类活动等人为因素的影响下不断进行着演化.从长期看,这一演化过程具有不可预测性,短期内却有细微可预见性.现如今在绿洲扩展同时,荒漠也在扩展,整体趋势仍是荒漠在扩展.为维持绿洲的稳定性,促使绿洲—荒漠系统处于一种稳定的发展趋势,本文从分析绿洲-荒漠这对对立统一的生态系统入手,在探讨引起这对生态系统演化的自然因素和人为因素的基础上,确定了自然因素中的降水和人为因素中的政府调控行为为演化的主导因素,初步探索了促使这对生态系统统演化的主导因素作用所具有的非线性关系,这对维持绿洲的稳定性,抑制荒漠扩展有一定的实际意义.     

干旱区玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被变化对绿洲效应的影响

全面研究干旱区土地利用/覆被变化对绿洲效应的影响,对合理布局下垫面结构、充分发挥绿洲效应、促进绿洲水分的利用效率、提高绿洲自维持和可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以干旱区典型流域玛纳斯河流域为研究区,基于1993—2015年8个年份的Landsat数据和气象资料,利用单窗法反演近地表温度,建立温度植被干旱指数模型(TVDI)反演近地表湿度,剖析了玛纳斯河流域绿洲的土地利用变化及其对绿洲效应的影响。结果表明:(1)耕地扩张侵占其他土地利用类型是研究区土地利用变化的主要特点。(2)近23年来,冷岛效应和湿岛效应均呈增强趋势,向降温、增湿方向发展,且面积增长速率大于强度。(3)绿洲效应的时空变化和强度与耕地的面积、扩张方向、强度和规模化发展紧密相关。(4)绿洲化有效提高了绿洲外围荒漠的植被覆盖度,可明显降低沙害。     

艾比湖流域绿洲稳定性驱动力分析

绿洲稳定性指绿洲系统功能能够处于持续稳定发展中的一种状态,绿洲稳定性的打破,最终会通过水文、土壤、植被这三个主要因素表征出来。利用灰色系统理论的方法进行分析后发现,绿洲内外过度的人类活动是稳定性变化的主导驱动因素,动力机制及反馈机制则构成了绿洲稳定性变化的复杂驱动过程.     

中国干旱区农业可持续发展的生态措施

系统地分析了我国旱区的生态环境现状,根据这些环境现状针对性地提出了我国干旱区农业可持续发展之路,其中着重论述了对绿洲系统的研究,并阐述了运用生态场理论从整体和动态上判断与预测绿洲生态系统的稳定性的新思想。     

绿洲稳定性研究的几个基本理论问题

目的 探讨绿洲稳定性的尺度、内涵和机理。方法 在回顾绿洲稳定性研究的基础上，主要采用系统论研究方法，从尺度入手，寻求解决问题的途径。结果 指出绿洲稳定性是具体尺度下的相对概念，提出绿洲稳定性的多维多层尺度类型体系、尺度间相互转化关系，以生态系统、绿洲复合系统、绿洲山盆系统、区域为尺度，多层次分析回答了绿洲稳定的概念、内涵、作用机理等基本问题。结论 系统理论是揭示干旱区背景下多作用力绿洲稳定性的基本途径；绿洲不稳定的实质是人地关系不协调，稳定的实质是可持续发展；实现绿洲的稳定良性演替，必须通过对复合系统两大驱动力关系进行优化和调控，以寻求自然与人的耦合。     

绿洲水资源与绿洲城镇化的关系探讨--以西北地区为例

干旱区绿洲生态环境脆弱,水与绿洲的生死存亡息息相关,是绿洲存在的关键因子．以西北地区为例,探讨了绿洲水资源的特点及其与城镇化之间的相互影响,指出适度城镇化有利于绿洲水资源的可持续利用和绿洲的可持续发展．     

气候变化对未来绿洲发展的影响及对策研究

干旱区始终存在着绿洲化和荒漠化二种对立的趋势，人工绿洲的开发使两种过程都在加强，CO2倍增及全球气温升高，又将对绿洲未来的发展和演变产生新的影响。在分析未来绿洲变化趋势基础上，提出通过提高绿洲生产力水平、跨流域调水、对绿洲生态环境实施系统开发、综合利用等举措，方可满足绿洲可持续发展的内在要求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-