苛瓦线高家沟隧道微振动爆破技术研究

新建苛瓦线高家沟隧道出口段（DIK60＋590～DIK60＋710）与既有隧道线间距11.6～40m。为保证既有隧道正常行车安全,对新建和既有高家沟隧道进行支护加固并采用微振动爆破技术施工。同时采用4C型振动测试仪对隧道爆破振动进行监测,根据监测结果并结合新建隧道确定下一次爆破的参数,对爆破设计进行优化。通过合理选择爆破时差、最大装药量、微差起爆、掘进进尺、预裂爆破、震动速度等方面的振动控制技术措施,使该隧道开挖施工爆破中的既有隧道振动速度值控制在安全范围以内。最后,利用微振动爆破技术保证了高家沟隧道开挖作业安全、顺利地进行。     

后祠隧道爆破振动现场监测与控制技术

新(扩)建隧道爆破施工不可避免地对既有隧道的通行安全产生影响。依托福建漳龙高速公路后祠隧道扩建工程,对隧道改扩建工程爆破施工的振动监测以及控制技术进行研究。通过现场监测与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了爆破施工对既有隧道的振动影响,并对现有的爆破施工方案进行优化。研究结果表明:现有方案下新建隧道爆破施工不会危及左侧老洞的安全,新、扩建隧道爆破施工对既有隧道产生的振动响应存在一定的不同,建议掏槽孔各孔间延时时间定为15 ms,既有右侧隧道原位扩建时应当首先开挖左侧岩体。     

铁路立体交叉隧道施工爆破震动响应研究

文章通过建立不同交叉角度、净距和围岩条件的试验工况,对交叉段新建隧道施工爆破地震波引起的既有隧道衬砌的峰值速度进行分析,探讨了不同因素作用下立体交叉隧道施工爆破的动力响应。研究结果表明:处于既有隧道迎爆侧拱底和墙脚之间区域影响最为显著;除净距是上下交叉隧道最显著的影响因素外,随着交叉角度的增加,拱底速度峰值呈增大趋势,并且增长率逐渐加快;岩体越坚硬完整,爆破振动波传播衰减越慢,爆破地震波在传到既有隧道之前,出现峰值回升。     

层状岩体中近邻双线隧道爆破的振动响应研究

近邻双线隧道爆破开挖时，为了避免新建隧道爆破施工产生的地震波危夏既有隧道的安全和稳定。基于数值模拟和现场试验，分析了层状岩体中采用钻爆法修建近距离双绒隧道的爆破振动响应．结果分析表明，对于既有隧道，迎爆面侧墙处的振动速度和反射拉应力最大，而且振动速度具有很强的方向效应，隧道径向振动速度大于切向振动速度，其规律与现场爆破试验结果有较好的一致性．将爆破对新建隧道本身围岩的振动损伤度和对相邻隧道的振动影响结合起来综合考虑，提出了层状岩体隧道爆破施工中减轻振动的几种措施。并对隧道爆破参数进行了优化．图7，表4，参8．     

关林子隧道下穿既有道路爆破振动影响

在下穿既有道路的新建隧道爆破施工中,爆破振动极易引起上部路面结构的损伤和破坏.以宝汉高速新建下穿316国道的关林子隧道为例,采用有限元法模拟路面关键点峰值振速、路面应力以及路面位移,并结合现场爆破振动与振速监测结果,对比分析爆破振动对既有道路的影响.主要研究结论如下:10个关键点爆破峰值振速均发生在掏槽眼爆破时,既有道路的应力以及路面位移均较小,不足以引起既有道路的破坏;根据数值模拟和现场测试结果,下穿段地表质点振速的合速度峰值不超过0.035 m/s时可保证既有道路安全.     

近间距隧道爆破地震效应的试验研究

为了解决层状岩体中采用钻爆法修建近距离双线隧道的爆破影响问题,基于现场试验,总结了爆破衰减规律.试验结果表明,新建隧道爆破时,振动速度随着与爆源距离的增大成非线性减小;振动速度具有很强的方向效应,迎爆面径向振动速度均大于切向振动,径向振动速度对既有隧道和新建隧道围岩的损伤起主导作用;采用上下台阶开挖时,上台阶爆破冲击波对既有隧道的影响比下台阶显著.根据萨道夫斯基回归公式给出了距爆源不同距离的单段最大装药量.将爆破对新建隧道本身围岩的损伤破坏和对相邻隧道的影响结合起来综合考虑,对层状岩体中隧道爆破参数进行了优化.     

新建隧道爆破对既有隧道衬砌的影响分析

主要通过分析某Ⅳ级围岩双孔平行隧道,采用MIDAS/GTS软件进行二维模型计算得出了爆破振速数据,分析出隧道埋深相同新建隧道与既有隧道间距不同情况下,新建隧道爆破开挖产生的振动对既有隧道衬砌迎爆侧的边墙的墙顶和墙腰之间部位影响最大,既有隧道衬砌的振动速度随着隧道间距的增大而减小.     

铁路隧道混凝土衬砌爆破振动安全判据

根据应力波理论,依照极限拉应力准则、极限剪应力准则及莫尔判据,对爆炸应力波体波对隧道衬砌结构的影响进行研究,确定基于隧道衬砌结构安全的爆破振动速度判据模型。结合紧邻隧道上方的土石方开挖爆破工程实际,对爆破振动速度判据进行求解。研究结果表明:爆破应力波体波对隧道混凝土衬砌结构破坏效应中P波占主导地位,爆破振动作用下隧道结构首先产生拉伸破坏,隧道衬砌爆破振动速度安全判据为14.51 cm/s。研究结果与爆破安全规程一致,为隧道结构安全标准的确定提供了科学依据。     

P波作用下机场跑道的爆破安全振动速度研究

结合湖北省首例下穿机场跑道隧道钻爆法开挖工程背景,基于理论解析、数值模拟与现场监测相结合的研究方法,分析了下穿隧道爆破产生的入射P波对混凝土跑道的作用机理,研究了机场跑道的隧道爆破振动安全判据.结果表明:下穿跑道隧道爆破振动作用下,岩石与混凝土跑道交界面以拉伸破坏为主;随着入射P波入射角的增大,机场跑道的爆破安全振动速度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其最小值出现在入射角为零时(即垂直入射的情况),表明爆破地震波垂直入射时机场跑道最容易发生破坏;基于机场跑道的重要性,选取1.7为重要性修正系数,依据爆破地震波以不同角度入射时确定的爆破安全振动速度,得到修正后的爆破安全振动速度在3.67~7.91 cm/s之间;与数值模拟和回归分析结果相比,由于应力波理论分析忽略了材料塑性变形的影响,其计算分析得到的爆破安全振动速度更小,具有更高的安全储备.     

地铁浅埋隧道爆破振动监测及HHT信号分析

为解决地铁浅埋隧道掘进过程中爆破振动对地铁施工安全及周围建构筑物的影响.论文以新疆乌鲁木齐市地铁1号线东线隧道中营工-小西沟区间段为工程背景,对地铁隧道掘进爆破时地表产生的振动效应进行了多次监测,得出地表振动速度自掌子面正上方向两边逐渐减小;将爆破产生的振动信号通过HHT方法变换,发现隧道掘进爆破产生的振动信号,其能量主要分布在时间段0~1.2 s,其频率主要分布在频率段0~60 Hz之间.采用掏槽孔分段起爆技术,显著降低爆破振动效应,同时有效控制了隧道爆破施工对周围建构筑物的影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-