大尺寸YBa2Cu3O7—δ超导体的研制

利用固相反应法成功地制备了直径为100mm,厚为5mm的大尺寸YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导体。在通氧,930℃热处理45min后,超导体的上限转变温度为94K,零电阻温度为92K。x射线衍射进行物相定性,扫描电镜进行形貌和超导电性关系的对比观察。选区电子衍射给出YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导体的晶格参数为a=0.348nm,b=0.377nm,c=0.716nm,属于正交晶系。     

Y-Ba-Cu-O超导体失超机制的热分析研究

本文以BaCO_3、Y_2O_3、CuO为原料制备了Y-Ba-Cu-O超导体(T_C=95K)。用热分析方法和化学分析方法研究了这类超导体的稳定性和失超机制。认为超导体存放在空气中由于水蒸气和CO_2的作用而生成Ba(OH)_2和BaCO_3导致超导体组成及相结构的变化是造成失超的重要原因。故隔绝水蒸气和CO_2是阻止失超的有效措施     

高临界温度YBaCu氧化物超导体的研制

我们制得了高Tc的YBaCuO超导体。样品用名义组分为YBa_2Cu_3O_x的原料经高温陶瓷烧结工艺获得。电阻测试得样品的临界温度Tc=91K,转变宽度△T=1.4K(10-90％电阻)。磁化强度测量证明完全抗磁区占85％的体积。样品制成隧道结在液N_2中观测到约瑟夫逊效应。     

Y—Ba—Cu—O超导体失超机制的热分析研究

本文以 BaCO_3、Y_2O_3、CuO为原料制备了Y-Ba-Cu-O超导体(T_σ=95K)。用热分析方法和化学分析方法研究了这类超导体的稳定性和失超机制。认为超导体存放在空气中由于水蒸气和 CO_2的作用而生成 Ba(OH)_2和 BaCO_3导致超导体组成及相结构的变化是造成失超的重要原因。故隔绝水蒸气和CO_2是阻止失超的有效措施     

水合碱金属离子Na＋（H2O）n和K＋（H2O）n（n=1～6）体系电荷分布的理论研究

应用量子化学方法和原子-键电负性均衡方法(ABEEM)对Na+(H2O)n和K+(H2O)n(n=1～6)体系进行研究.采用MP2/6-31++G(d,p)方法进行几何构型的优化及频率的计算,在MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p)方法下计算了能量.以HF/STO-3G所计算的体系电荷为基准,拟合确定了Na+和K+的ABEEM参数,应用其计算所得的Na+(H2O)n和K+(H2O)n(n=1～6)的电荷分布,与从头计算的结果一致.     

完全四部图的色性

设G是一个图，P(G，λ)是G的色多项式．若P(G，λ)=P(H，λ)，则称G和H是色等价的，简单地用G～H表示．令[G]={H\H～G)．若[G]={G)，称G是色唯一的．用G=K(n1，n2，n3，n4)表示完全四部图且2≤n1≤n2≤n3≤n4，得到了[G]С{K(x，y，z，w)-S｜z y w =n1 n2 n3 n4,1≤z≤y≤z≤w≤n4-1，或1≤x≤y≤z≤n3-1和w=n4U{G}，其中S是K(x，y，z，w)的某s条边组成的集合且K(x，y，z，w)-s表示从K(x，y，z，w)中删去S中所有边得到的图．从而证明了当n≥k 2，t≥2时，K(n-k，n，n，n)是色唯一的．     

生成Bi-Pb-Sb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O系超导体高Tc单相材料的温度条件研究

在不同温度下热处理的Bi_(1.7)Pb_(0.3)Sb_(0.1)Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3Oy超导体经液氮淬火或自然降温后,分析其相结构及交流磁化率——温度关系,发现低Tc(80K)相只在840℃以下(到820℃左右)才生成,在845℃～855℃温度范围内只有高Tc(110K)相生成。据此,用高温烧结之后,快速降温,越过低Tc相生成温区,在较低温度下退火,然后用自然降温的方法制成了110K单相的Bi-Pb-Sb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O系超导体。     

图K_(2n)\E(K_(1,5)))(n=10,11)的点可区别边染色

讨论了图K2n\E(K1,5))(n=10,11)的点可区别边染色,得到图K2n\E(K1,5))(n=10,11)的点可区别边色数为χvd′(K2n\E(K1,5)))=2n.     

Co(Ⅱ)Fe(Ⅲ)氰根桥联配合物中的铁磁相互作用

用振动样品磁强计和穆斯堡尔谱学方法研究了普鲁士蓝类配合物K0.1Co1.4[F e(CN)6].5.5H2O的磁相互作用类型.当测量温度从室温降到低温时,该配合物表现为从顺磁相到铁磁相的变化,相变点在TC=11.5 K附近,宏观磁性表现为典型的铁磁性相互作用.     

高辛烷值燃料-空气预混层流燃烧特性研究

在定容燃烧弹中采用高速纹影摄像方法研究了不同当量比(φ=0.8～1.4)和初始温度(373K,423 K,473 K)下高辛烷值燃料-空气预混合气的层流燃烧特性,分析了当量比和初始温度对燃烧的影响.结果表明:拉伸火焰传播速率、无拉伸火焰传播速率、拉伸层流燃烧速率和无拉伸层流燃烧速率随着初始温度的增加而增加,无拉伸层流燃烧速率在φ=1.0～1.1附近有最大值;马克斯坦长度随初始温度的增加而增加,随当量比的增加而减小;燃烧压力峰值与混合气质量的比值在φ=1.1时出现最大值,初始温度增加,该比值相应增加.     

Sol-gel法合成Bi_(1.6)Pb_(0.3)Sb_(0.1)Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_x体系的超导材料的研究

本文用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法合成了Ｂｉ１．６Ｐｂ０．３Ｓｂ０．１Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｘ体系的高ＴＣ超导原粉，对于不同的烧结时间，材料的超导性有不同程度的差异，（超导转变温度为１０８．３～１１６．１Ｋ）并与同种方法合成的Ｂｉ１．７Ｐｂ０．３Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｘ体系进行了比较．用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法，在Ｂｉ系中掺杂Ｐｂ，同样会缩短烧结时间（缩短６０ｈ），促进高温相的形成，同时掺杂Ｐｂ，Ｓｂ，形成超导材料所需的烧结时间进一步缩短（缩短１５３ｈ）．利用ＳＥＭ和Ｘ－ｒａｙ观察和分析了样品的形貌特征和物相结构．Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法具有工艺简单，烧结时间短，样品颗粒均匀、粒度小、组分易控等优点，在高ＴＣ超导材料中不失为一种行之有效的材料制备工艺．     

The influence of home environmental factors and life style on children＇s respiratory health in Xi＇an

To assess associations between home indoor air environments and asthma,allergies and pneumonia,children aged 1–8 years were surveyed from 12 kindergartens in the city of Xi’an.2,020 questionnaires were responded with a response rate of 83.5%.The prevalences of doctor diagnosed asthma,hay fever,and pneumonia were 2.9%,3.6%,and 28.3%,respectively.Living close to a highway was a risk factor for current rhinitis(AOR 1.5,95%CI 1.2–1.8),eczema(AOR 1.7,95%CI 1.2–2.5),and diagnosed pneumonia(AOR 1.3,95%CI 1.0–1.6).Dampness problems in the home were associated with 50%–130%increases in the prevalences of asthma and allergy.Airing bed linen under sun-shine was protective,especially against rhinitis.Pet avoidance was consistently and significantly associated with asthma and allergy(AOR 1.3–2.4).Decoration of the home during children’s early life is a risk factor for current rhinitis(AOR 1.9,95%CI 1.3–2.9)and eczema(AOR 1.9,95%CI1.1–3.6).Risk factors for pneumonia were living in an apartment(AOR 1.4,95%CI 1.1–1.8),latex wall paint(AOR 1.3,95%CI 1.0–1.7),dampness(AOR 1.4–1.5),breast feeding\3 months(AOR 1.3,95%CI 1.0–1.7),never airing bed linen in sunshine(AOR 1.3,95%CI1.3–1.6),and cleaning children’s room less frequently than once per day(AOR 1.4,95%CI 1.1–1.7).This study demonstrates that home indoor environmental and life style factors may influence the health of children in Xi’an.     

Bi（Ph，M）SrCaCuO体系的掺杂效应

Ｂｉ（Ｐｈ，Ｍ）ＳｒＣａＣｕＯ体系的掺杂效应卢亚锋，辛绵荣，罗长勋（陕西师范大学物理学系，西安ｎ００６２；第一作者，男，３０岁，助教）元素掺杂是探索高温超导电性机理和材料物理研究的重要途径之一．我们在Ｐｂ部分替换Ｂｉ的基础上，分别用Ｓｂ，Ｓｎ，Ｉｎ作...     

磷钨酸铈催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以自制的磷钨酸铈为催化剂,通过苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛,并探讨了其催化活性,研究了反应物料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、催化剂重复使用性能等因素对反应的影响.实验结果表明:合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛较适宜的反应条件为:苯甲醛0.1 mol,n(苯甲醛)/n(乙二醇)=1.0/1.7,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.0%,甲苯为带水剂,反应时间2.0 h.上述条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的产率可达79.5%.     

桩径和扩径比对大直径扩底灌注桩工程特性影响分析

以中山西环高速公路为工程背景,采用有限元软件PLAXIS 3D进行了桩径和扩径比对扩底桩工程特性的影响数值模拟。分析结果表明:当扩径比(D/d)为1.5～2.5、桩径为1.2～1.6 m时,桩体尺寸对其竖向极限承载力影响明显,随着桩径或扩径比的增加,竖向承载力提升幅度较大;当扩径比为1.5～2.0、桩径为1.2～1.6 m时,桩体尺寸对扩底桩抗拔承载性能影响较大;当扩径比为1.0～2.0、桩径为1.0～1.4 m时,扩底桩桩顶沉降变化较快。通过现场静载试验对有限元计算结果进行验证,两者吻合较好。     

广西沿海牡蛎体Pb含量水平与相关标准评价

为了解广西沿海养殖的牡蛎体内Pb含量水平及污染危害情况,于2006年7～10月对广西沿海养殖的近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)进行抽样检测,共采集牡蛎样品14批次,各采样点采2～3龄牡蛎20只.结果表明,全部样品均检出含有Pb,含量为0.08～2.3mg/kg,全部样品含Pb的平均值为1.2mmg/kg;有9批次样品Pb含量(＞1.0mg/kg)超过国家《无公害食品近江牡蛎》的限定标准,超标率为64.3%.基于养殖贝类在人们总膳食结构中所占比例很小,参考国外相关做法,建议我国牡蛎等贝类产品卫生质量标准应以养殖贝类产品中大肠菌群数值作为划型标准,以铅、铜、镉等重金属作为海水贝类养殖生产区的监控指标进行监测,并结合环境因素(水质、底质等)监测结果,评价贝类养殖区环境质量状况以及产品质量状况,这更符合生产及消费的客观情况.     

Re-emerging superconductivity at 48 kelvin in iron chalcogenides

Pressure has an essential role in the production and control of superconductivity in iron-based superconductors. Substitution of a large cation by a smaller rare-earth ion to simulate the pressure effect has raised the superconducting transition temperature T(c) to a record high of 55?K in these materials. In the same way as T(c) exhibits a bell-shaped curve of dependence on chemical doping, pressure-tuned T(c) typically drops monotonically after passing the optimal pressure. Here we report that in the superconducting iron chalcogenides, a second superconducting phase suddenly re-emerges above 11.5?GPa, after the T(c) drops from the first maximum of 32?K at 1?GPa. The T(c) of the re-emerging superconducting phase is considerably higher than the first maximum, reaching 48.0-48.7?K for Tl(0.6)Rb(0.4)Fe(1.67)Se(2), K(0.8)Fe(1.7)Se(2) and K(0.8)Fe(1.78)Se(2).     

零电阻温度为110K的Bi-Sr-Pb-Ca-Cu-O超导材料的制备与研究

采用固相反应法制备含Pb的Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O新体系超导块材,超导电性与热处理工艺密切关联。在液氮温区以上体系存在Tc为110K和85K两个超导相。寻求最佳工艺条件可获得稳定性较好的零电阻温度为110K的块状样品。     

High-Tc superconducting materials for electric power applications.

Large-scale superconducting electric devices for power industry depend critically on wires with high critical current densities at temperatures where cryogenic losses are tolerable. This restricts choice to two high-temperature cuprate superconductors, (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox and YBa2Cu3Ox, and possibly to MgB2, recently discovered to superconduct at 39 K. Crystal structure and material anisotropy place fundamental restrictions on their properties, especially in polycrystalline form. So far, power applications have followed a largely empirical, twin-track approach of conductor development and construction of prototype devices. The feasibility of superconducting power cables, magnetic energy-storage devices, transformers, fault current limiters and motors, largely using (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox conductor, is proven. Widespread applications now depend significantly on cost-effective resolution of fundamental materials and fabrication issues, which control the production of low-cost, high-performance conductors of these remarkable compounds.     

Effect of continuous casting speed on mold surface flow and the related near-surface distribution of non-metallic inclusions

For the control of surface defects in interstitial-free(IF) steel, quantitative metallographic analyses of near-surface inclusions and surface liquid flow detection via the nail-board tipping method were conducted. The results show that, at casting speeds of 0.8 and 1.0 m/min, a thin liquid mold flux layer forms and non-uniform floating of argon bubbles occurs, inducing the entrainment and subsequent entrapment of the liquid flux; fine inclusion particles of Al_2O_3 can also aggregate at the solidification front. At higher casting speeds of 1.4 and 1.6 m/min, the liquid mold flux can be entrained and carried deeper into the liquid steel pool because of strong level fluctuations of the liquid steel and the flux. The optimal casting speed is approximately 1.2 m/min, with the most favorable surface flow status and, correspondingly, the lowest number of inclusions near the slab surface.