雷公藤组织培养快繁技术初探

以带腋芽的幼嫩茎段为外植体，研究雷公藤的离体快繁技术。结果表明：附加2.0mg／L BA和0.1mg／L IBA的MS固体培养基可诱导腋芽萌发，诱导率达95％；附加3．0mg/L BA和O．1mg/L IBA的MS固体培养基为适宜的芽苗继代增殖培养基，增殖率可达5．21。     

四季秋海棠的离体培养及植株再生

以四季秋海棠的叶片为外植体，对其进行了离体快繁的研究．结果表明：附加BA 1mg／L和NAA 0．1mg／L的MS培养基可诱导叶片外植体产生大量不定芽与愈伤组织，而诱导生根的最佳培养基是1／2MS IBA0．5mg／L．试管苗经过炼苗移栽，成活率较高。     

741杨离体快繁和叶片再生体系的建立

选用741杨的茎段和生根组培苗叶片为外植体,采用不同浓度组合的BA和NAA对741杨的离体快繁和叶片再生体系进行了研究。结果表明：741杨芽增值的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA 0．5mg／L＋NAA 0．1mg／L;最佳生根培养基为MS＋IBA 0．3mg／L;741杨叶片不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA 1．0mg／L＋NAA 0．1mg/L。试验还研究了不同着生位置的叶片以及叶片在培养基上的放置方式对741杨叶片再生的影响。     

凤仙花茎段培养与快速繁殖

试验以茎段为外植体，进行凤仙花离体再生与快速繁殖技术研究．结果表明：在附加BA1．0mg／L、NAA0．2mg／L、3％蔗糖的MS固体培养基上可诱导茎段外植体直接产生大量不定芽，诱导率达100％；在含BA1．0mg／L、N从0．2mg／L、3％蔗糖的MS培养基上进行继代培养，可大量增殖；在含NAA、1．0mg／L。3％蔗糖的1／2MS培养基中长根成苗．本试验表明风仙花离体繁殖，增殖系数大，适合于种苗快速繁殖．     

青蒿离体快繁技术研究

为建立青蒿（Artemisia annua L．）快速繁殖技术体系,以青蒿带腋芽茎段作为外植体,以MS、1／2MS为基本培养基,附加不同种类、不同浓度的植物激素进行青蒿离体快繁培养研究．结果表明：外植体在MS＋6-BA1．0mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L培养基上诱导丛生芽效果最好;1／2MS＋NAA0．5mg／L诱导生根效果最佳,可达90％．     

欧洲七叶树的离体培养及快速繁殖

对欧洲七叶树(Aesculushippocastanum L．)离体培养和高效的组培快速繁殖体系进行研究。结果表明，高约2cm的无菌苗在MS 0.6mg／L 6BA 0.0mg/L NAA或MS 0.4～0.6mg／L ZT 0.1mg／L NAA培养基上培养15d左右可诱导出不定芽，分化频率为100％，平均每株产芽35.7个；MS 0.2mg／L 6-BA 0.1mg／L NAA 10mg／L AD培养基有利于芽伸长；生根培养基为1／2MS 0.4mg／L NAA 0.2mg／L IBA时，生根率可达75％。     

龙柚离体培养快速无性繁殖技术研究

龙柚的茎尖和幼嫩的茎段离体培养快速繁殖试验研究结果：外植体用75％的乙醇浸泡0.5min后再用0．1％的HgCl2溶液浸泡10min灭菌效果最好；不同外植体的培养结果是茎段（带腋芽的）的繁殖系数大于茎尖，差异达到显著水平；培养基以MS添加6-BA0．5mg／L和IBA0．2mg／L对不定芽诱导效果最好，增殖比例达到4．2，与其它处理差异达到极显著；无根苗转入1／2 MS附加IBA1．0mg／L的培养基中不定根诱导率为78．3％．添加活性炭对培养材料生根诱导有促进效果．     

猪笼草离体培养及植株再生研究

以猪笼草的幼嫩茎段为外植体进行离体组织培养及植株再生,研究结果表明：以液体培养基1／2MS＋6-BA1．0mg／I．＋NAA0．1mg／L对芽的初始诱导以及固体培养基1／2MS＋6-BA2．0mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L对不定芽的增殖效果最好,增殖率达419％;生根培养基以1／4MS＋IBA0．5mg／L＋活性碳（0．01％）为最佳,生根率可达100％．     

培养因子对绿玉树离体微型快繁的影响

以绿玉树的腋芽茎段和顶芽为外植体，研究不同培养基浓度、不同激素配比、外植体的放置方式以及化学物质PEG、PP333、AgN03等因子对绿玉树离体培养丛生芽产生的影响，以此筛选出绿玉树离体快繁最适培养基及培养途径。结果表明：诱导腋芽、顶芽萌发较理想的培养基为：3／4MS ZT0．5～1mg／L NAA0．01mg／L和1／2MS BA0.5mg／L NAA0．01mg／L，适宜丛生芽增殖的培养基为：MS ZT0．5～2mg／L NAA0．05mg／L GA30.01mg／L，芽的增殖系数为4．5。     

糯米藤的离体快繁系统的建立

对糯米藤（Memorialis hirta BL.Wedd.）进行了离体快繁研究。叶片和茎段在附加NAA0．5mg/L＋KT1．0mg/L或NAA0．5mg/L 6-BA 1.0mg/L的MS培养基上，诱导形成愈伤组织后再分化形成植株；腋芽在附加NAA0．1mg/L KT1.0mg/L或NAA0.1mg/L 6-BA1.0mg/L或IAA0.1mg/L 6-BA 1.0mg/L的MS培养基上诱导出丛生芽，并再生成植株。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to