3种含笑耐寒生理机制研究

对3种含笑、3个种源1年生苗在冬季-6℃极端自然低温处理后，测定植株体内可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)及脯氨酸的含量。结果表明，可溶性糖含量高的含笑种及种源抗寒性强；MDA含量在一定范围内随种及种源抗寒性的减弱而升高，当冻害表现较严重时，其含量有所下降；脯氨酸含量与含笑树种间抗寒性的关系不明显。综合测定指标与田间观察结果显示，供试含笑同一种源树种间抗寒性强弱依次为：深山含笑，乐昌含笑，醉香含笑；深山含笑种源间抗寒性强弱依次为浙江杭州种源，湖南长沙种源，安徽黄山种源；乐昌含笑的浙江杭州种源抗寒性略高于湖南长沙种源。笔认为，可溶性糖与MDA指标可作为含笑抗寒性生理指标，用于含笑及种源抗寒性选择，脯氨酸可作为参考指标。     

电导法协同Logistic方程比较12个葡萄砧木的抗寒性

为了比较引入石河子的葡萄砧木品种的抗寒性差异,试验以12个葡萄砧木品种的1年生枝条为材料,对其分别进行-10、-15、-20、-25、-30和-35℃的低温处理,4℃贮藏的枝条为对照,测定其相对电导率,拟合Logistic方程,计算半致死温度,同时统计萌芽率的变化。结果表明:12个砧木品种的相对电导率均随着处理温度的下降而上升,结合Logistic方程计算其半致死温度,结果表明,12个葡萄砧木品种抗寒性差异较大,其抗寒性强弱排序依次为:贝达5BBSO43309C5C5A520A1103P225Ru8B420110R;萌芽率反映出的12个品种抗寒性大小与半致死温度的测定结果一致。     

南京地区5个常绿阔叶树种的抗寒性评价

以南京地区引种的5个常绿阔叶树种为研究对象,在越冬期间出现罕见冰雪灾害(2008年1月上旬至2月上旬)天气条件下,测定了不同树种抗寒性指标变化趋势。结果表明：不同树种的抗寒性指标对低温变化的响应存在差异,大叶冬青抗寒性指标随低温变化响应迟缓;深山含笑抗寒性指标随低温变化响应敏感;阔瓣含笑、亮叶含笑和乳源木莲对低温响应特征介于两者之间。抗寒性综合评价为：乳源木莲、阔瓣含笑较强,深山含笑、亮叶含笑次之,大叶冬青较弱。     

采样时间和采样部位对常绿乔木低温半致死 温度测定的影响

为探究不同采样时间、不同采样部位对常绿乔木低温半致死温度测定的影响,以松树、桂花、法国冬青、柏树4种乔木为材料,分别在2017年10月、12月和2018年2月采集其叶片及一年生、二年生的枝条,并设置0、-5、-10、-15、-20、-25、-30℃温度梯度,测定材料的电导率,通过拟合Logistic方程求出低温半致死温度(LT50).结果表明,在不同月份这4种常绿乔木的叶片及一年生、二年生枝条抗寒性由强到弱的顺序都表现为松树柏树法国冬青桂花;同种常绿乔木不同部位的抗寒性由强到弱的顺序均为二年生枝条一年生枝条叶片;同种常绿乔木的相同部位在不同月份的低温半致死温度也存在一定差异.     

自然低温胁迫对毛竹生理生化特性的影响应

选用3种不同年龄段毛竹作为试验材料,通过对自然越冬状态下毛竹各项生理指标和低温半致死温度的测试,研究了毛竹抗寒能力及其有关生理生化特性的变化。结果表明：从12月5日到翌年2月5日自然低温过程中,随着温度的变化,毛竹1年生、2年生实生苗和竹林中40 a以上1年生秆毛竹（1年生成竹）的叶绿素含量呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势,总降幅分别为21.46 %、42.38 %、22.76 %;SOD活性和MDA含量的变化趋势类似,先升高后降低;而POD活性为先升高后降低再升高;可溶性蛋白的含量呈先升高后持续降低,总降幅分别为16.43 %、29.46 %、29.61 %;而可溶性糖含量成竹高于1年生和2年生竹,但消耗量低于1年生和2年生竹;半致死温度为1年生(-13.697℃)较高,2年生(-15.426℃)次之,成竹(-18.393℃)较低。半致死温度与12月上旬的MDA含量呈显著负相关,与1月下旬的可溶性糖含量呈极显著正相关。由此表明,毛竹具有较强的抗寒性,并随着年龄的增长,植株的抗寒能力提高。     

江西含笑属一新种

本文报道了采自中国江西的含笑属一新种——江西含笑。     

深山含笑在人工林隙更新生长的研究

随机区组试验表明:深山含笑在Ⅱ类地杉木林人工干扰形成不同半径人工林隙中早期更新生长情况,其生长量由大到小的排序依次是R10、R7、R5和R3.26,9a生的平均总树高、胸径、每公顷蓄积分别达到:R10为7.94m、8.53cm、27.5358m3,R7为6.46m、7.43cm、17.35m3,R5为5.26m、5.58cm、8.2151m3,R3.26为4.66m、4.42cm、4.6983m3,可见R10能适应深山含笑幼树更新需求.     

云锦杜鹃低温半致死温度对自然降温的适应

以云锦杜鹃为材料,研究了其叶片低温半致死温度与膜保护系统随气温下降的变化.结果表明,低温半致死温度降低的同时,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增强,使膜保护系统自由基的清除能力增强,超氧化物阴离子自由基(O2-)水平降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低.膜保护系统的适应性变化导致低温半致死温度的降低是抗寒性提高的生理基础.     

自然降温过程中草珊瑚抗寒适应性研究——水分、渗透调节物的动态变化与低温半致死温度的关系

以草珊瑚为材料,研究了其叶片低温半致死温度与水分和渗透调节物随气温下降的变化.结果表明,低温半致死温度降低的同时,叶片相对含水量、自由水和淀粉含量下降,束缚水、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量增加.这些物质的适应性变化导致低温半致死温度的下降是抗寒性提高的生理基础.     

广西海岸红鳞蒲桃林主要树种的温度胁迫

利用电导率和Logistic方程研究广西海岸红鳞蒲桃(Syzygium hancei)季雨林主要树种的抗热性和抗寒性,按半致死温度高低判断这些树种的抗极端温度胁迫能力。结果红鳞蒲桃季雨林主要树种的高温胁迫半致死温度顺序为:竹节树(Carallia brachiata)62.52℃>紫荆木(Madhuca pasquieri)53.66℃>膝柄木(Bhesasinica)50.62℃>豺皮樟(Litsea rotundifoliavar.oblongifolia)49.36℃>红鳞蒲桃48.62℃,远低于广西海岸历史极端高温38.2℃。红鳞蒲桃季雨林主要树种的低温胁迫半致死温度顺序为:竹节树-0.6℃>紫荆木-4.03℃>膝柄木-5.42℃>豺皮樟-5.7℃>红鳞蒲桃-6.93℃,与广西海岸历史极端低温-1.8℃比较接近。低温胁迫是竹节树等季雨林种群生存与发展的重要制约因素。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-