基于干扰控制的多小区分布式波束成形

在多小区干扰信道中,基于分布式竞争设计,提出一种优化基站发射波束成形矩阵的设计,使每个小区的最差信干噪比最大.在竞争设计中加入干扰控制,利用差异化的干扰系数,抑制小区间的干扰,提高系统性能.这种设计,既能保持算法的分布式特性,又能有效地提高用户信干噪比.仿真分析表明,基于干扰控制的设计性能更接近协同设计的性能.     

多蜂窝MISO通信系统中干扰消除策略研究

针对部分信道状态信息下的小区间干扰消除问题,通过使用2个独立的随机矢量量化(RVQ)码本分别量化期望信道和干扰信道,首次分析了2个小区MISO有限反馈系统模型下3种波束形成传输策略(特征波束形成、迫零波束形成、最大化信漏噪比)和速率性能,并根据用户在小区中的位置和小区边缘的平均信噪比,研究了基站最优的波束形成传输策略选择.仿真结果表明:当用户噪声受限时,相邻小区基站应选择特征波束形成传输策略;当用户干扰受限时,相邻小区基站应选择最大化信漏噪比传输策略.     

分布式天线小区协作通信系统下行链路频谱效率的研究

针对多小区分布式天线系统中下行链路的干扰问题,提出将基站协作通信和分布式天线技术相结合,通过最大化最小的用户频谱效率,保证用户频谱效率的公平性.同时提出一种用户天线选择关闭算法,改进了传统的基站协作迫零波束成形技术在用户数接近最大值时频谱效率急剧下降的缺陷.仿真结果表明,采用分布式基站天线和用户天线选择技术的小区协作通信,可以获得更高的用户频谱效率.     

一种水平和垂直联合优化的3D波束成形算法

与传统的无源天线阵列相比,基站端采用有源天线阵列,能够实现更加灵活和智能的波束成形,充分地利用三维空间信道特性,进而提高系统性能.本文研究了单小区多用户多输入多输出(MU-MIMO)下行广播信道场景中,基于面阵有源天线阵列的基站预编码3D波束成形设计问题.首先,将3D波束成形问题建模为对水平预编码和垂直预编码的联合设计问题,并引入一种最小化基站发射功率的最优化模型.然后,将原问题分解为关于水平预编码和垂直预编码的优化子问题,并通过半定松弛和交替优化迭代方法求解.仿真结果表明本文提出的算法能够很快收敛,并且能够获得明显优于对比方案的系统和速率性能.     

基于用户协作干扰的IRS辅助安全传输方案

针对协作通信网络无线信道高度开放的信息安全问题,提出一种基于智能反射面(IRS)辅助通信与用户协作干扰的下行链路物理层安全传输方案,并给出了一种基于交替迭代的保密容量最大化算法.该方案中智能反射面通过调整反射相位辅助合法用户进行通信,并且全双工用户在接收有用信号的同时发射人工噪声,从而增强系统信息安全传输.为了求解系统保密容量的非凸优化问题,利用交替迭代算法将其分解为3个子问题,分别对基站波束成形矢量、系统功率分配系数及IRS相移矩阵进行优化.在求解的过程中推导了波束成形矢量和功率分配系数的闭式解,并分别利用连续凸近似和黎曼流形优化两种算法得到了IRS的最佳相移矩阵.分析与仿真结果表明：所提出的方案能够快速收敛,且基于黎曼流形的优化算法具有更低的复杂度.与随机相位或固定功率系数的方案相比,该方案能够显著提高系统安全性能.     

多小区全双工分布式天线系统的能效资源分配

针对多小区全双工分布式天线系统(DAS),提出了高能效的资源优化分配策略。所提策略在保证用户服务质量(QoS)需求的前提下,通过联合优化上下行波束赋形因子、用户发射功率和远端天线单元(RAU)选择来最大化系统能效。首先,把优化问题重新规划为一个秩约束的半正定规划问题,通过分式规划将目标函数由分式形式转化为减法形式,引入惩罚函数来处理整数变量,采用半正定松弛,提出了一种需要解决内部优化问题的迭代资源分配算法;然后,利用层次分解和连续凸逼近,将内部非凸问题转化为一系列凸优化问题循环迭代求解。仿真结果表明,文中提出的算法可以很快收敛,并且和其他基准算法相比可以极大地提升能效。     

基于智能反射面的无线携能认知网络鲁棒传输设计

针对智能反射面辅助的无线携能认知网络,提出了一种基于用户非完美信道状态信息的波束成形方案,提高网络的频谱和能量收集效率。在假设用户信道误差范数有界的条件下,建立了以信息接收用户最小可达速率最大化为目标函数,以满足信息接收用户和能量接收用户需求、主用户干扰阈值和基站最大发射功率为约束条件的优化问题。针对此非凸问题,提出利用三角不等式、交替方向乘子法和交替优化的迭代算法,以较低的计算复杂度求解得到基站的有源波束成形权矢量和智能反射面的无源波束成形矩阵。最后,仿真验证了所提方案相较于随机相位方案能够有效提高系统的性能,证明了在携能认知网络中引入智能反射面的可行性和有效性。     

异构网中大规模MIMO场景下波束赋形设计

近年来,人们对于无线通信系统的数据传输速率的需求越来越大.大规模多输入多输出技术(MIMO)与小小区技术是能够满足人们高速增长的无线通信需求的关键技术.研究在一个异构网中的波束赋形问题,其中宏小区基站的配置为Massive MIMO,同时宏小区中包含小小区.在这样的场景下,宏基站配置大量天线,小小区基站配置少数天线,用户配置单天线.研究在这样的场景下,通过波束赋形设计,最大化所有用户的传输速率.该问题的目标函数是一个非凸的问题.通过运用半正定松弛(SDR)方法以及基于泰勒展开的一阶近似方法,将原问题转化为一个凸的近似问题,然后运用迭代方法求解.仿真结果证明,方案可以有效地提高包含Massive MIMO的异构网场景下的系统吞吐率以及能量效率.     

同频无线回传小基站系统中的协作传输优化

全双工的同频无线回传小基站可应用于阴影衰落严重区域的覆盖。在密集部署场景下,自干扰和小区间干扰严重影响系统传输性能。该文提出了一种基于集中式处理的同频无线回传小基站系统方案,采用空域和时域处理联合实现自干扰抑制和协作传输,并设计了一种基于连续凸近似和半正定松弛的迭代算法,对前向链路和回传链路上的波束成形/预编码及功率分配进行优化,从而降低系统发送功率。针对天线收发可切换的系统提出了一种复合算法,能够对收发天线进行高效选择。仿真结果表明:该方案能够有效抑制自干扰和小区间干扰,减小系统发送功率。     

WPCN中下行链路能力扩展模型与最大化用户最小速率方法

针对无线供电通信网络的下行阶段缺乏信息传输功能等问题,提出一种基于无线携能通信技术的具有下行链路信息传输能力的网络模型。该模型将一个传输单位分为上、下行两个阶段,在上行阶段,用户发送射频信号进行信息传输,各小区基站完成信息解码任务;在下行阶段,基站通过波束成形技术和多载波技术向用户发送射频信号,各用户通过时分切换或功率分流方式完成信息解码与能量捕获。基于该模型,提出一种最大化最小速率的方法,通过最大化最小用户上行信息传输速率求解各小区内各用户的最优上行发送功率,通过最大化最小用户下行信息传输速率求解各个小区内的基站的最优下行波束成形矢量,实现网络中各用户相对公平的性能最优。仿真结果表明,本文方法提高了用户的最小传输速率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.