重力波波包在水平风场中非线性传播的数值模拟--Ⅱ.水平风场为非均匀风场

采用全隐欧拉格式(FICE)对重力波波包在非均匀风场中的三维非线性传播进行了数值模拟,给出了波包在三维空间中非线性传播的过程．分析了重力波的传播特性及风场对重力波传播的影响．计算结果表明：波振幅随高度的增加而增长．但比线性条件下的指数增长要慢;重力波在剪切风场中非线性传播时垂直波长随高度的增加而减小。     

Nonlinear interactions between gravity waves and background winds

Using the nonlinear propagating gravity waves (GW) model in the two-dimensional compressible atmosphere and the linear GW theory, the process of GW propagation in different background winds, e.g. the direction of the background wind is opposite to (dead wind) or the same as (tail wind) the direction of the horizontal phase velocity of GW, is studied. The results show that the dead wind prolongs the vertical wavelength and accelerates GW propagation. Therefore, GW propagates up to a higher height becomes instable in a short time and eventually induces an inverse jet flow. Then, the vertical wavelength is becoming short due to the nonlinear interactions between GW and the inverse jet flow. The vertical wavelength and group velocity decrease after GW propagates into the tail wind. The initial instable time is delayed. Although most of GW is trapped in the instable region, some of GW propagates above the instable region. Compared with GW propagation in the tail wind, the nonlinear interactions between GW and the dead wind are also strong. In contrast, the linear GW theory predicts that GW can propagate freely in the dead wind. The vertical wavelength simulated by the nonlinear numerical model is different from that predicted by the linear theory greatly after GW propagates into the dead wind.     

Numerical study of the propagation of small-amplitude atmospheric gravity wave

By using a two-dimensional fully nonlinear compressible atmospheric dynamic numerical model, the propagation of a small amplitude gravity wave packet is simulated. A corresponding linear model is also developed for comparison. In an isothermal atmosphere, the simulations show that the nonlinear effects impacting on the propagation of a small amplitude gravity wave are negligible. In the nonisothermal atmosphere, however, the nonlinear effects are remarkable. They act to slow markedly down the propagation velocity of wave energy and therefore reduce the growth ratio of the wave amplitude with time. But the energy is still conserved. A proof of this is provided by the observations in the middle atmosphere.     

Nonlinear interactions between gravity waves and background winds

Using the nonlinear propagating gravity waves (GW) model in the two-dimensional compressible atmosphere and the linear GW theory, the process of GW propagation in different background winds, e.g. the direction of the background wind is opposite to (dead wind) or the same as (tail wind) the direction of the horizontal phase velocity of GW, is studied. The results show that the dead wind prolongs the vertical wavelength and accelerates GW propagation. Therefore, GW propagates up to a higher height becomes instable in a short time and eventually induces an inverse jet flow. Then, the vertical wavelength is becoming short due to the nonlinear interactions between GW and the inverse jet flow. The vertical wavelength and group velocity decrease after GW propagates into the tail wind. The initial instable time is delayed. Although most of GW is trapped in the instable region, some of GW propagates above the instable region. Compared with GW propagation in the tail wind, the nonlinear interactions between GW and the dead wind are also strong. In contrast, the linear GW theory predicts that GW can propagate freely in the dead wind. The vertical wavelength simulated by the nonlinear numerical model is different from that predicted by the linear theory greatly after GW propagates into the dead wind.     

三维多层流动过孤立山脉产生的山脉重力波的数值试验

利用中尺度数值模式ARPS研究了分层流动大气中的非线性山脉重力波。分层流动过孤立山脉所产生的山脉重力波的数值模拟表明,具有两层模式结构的气流过孤立山脉产生一个发散模态的拦截背风波,同线性理论模式计算结果具有基本相同的流动特征。但是具有三层模式结构的气流过孤立山脉所产生的非线性山脉重力波和大气船波表现出同两层模式结构的气流完全不同的流动特征,因非线性相互作用在山脉背风面产生了2个发散波模态的拦截背风波向山脉下游传播,具有同两层模式和线性理论模式相比更加复杂的波动特征。     

应力波在落叶松活立木中的传播规律

【目的】探究应力波在落叶松活立木中的传播形式和传播规律,为人工林材质预测评估提供理论基础。【方法】依据固体介质中的应力波传播理论和弹性力学理论,基于活立木的正交各向异性假定,利用COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件对应力波在活立木中传播的波阵面进行了模拟计算,并通过试验验证数值模拟方法的合理性。【结果】应力波传播波阵面在开始阶段为倾斜曲线(二维)或倾斜曲面(三维),且曲线和曲面都弯向脉冲力输入点,随着距离的增大,波阵面倾斜度逐渐减小,直至最后与活立木的长度方向近似垂直,即应力波在活立木中由三维膨胀波传播形式逐渐转向准平面波传播形式; 波阵面倾斜度的减小速度随着活立木直径的减小而加快; 传播距离对波速没有影响,波速总体上随着直径的增大而增加。最后,通过试验验证,证明了这种数值模拟研究应力波在活立木中传播规律的方法是可行的。【结论】通过数值模拟手段研究应力波在活立木中的传播规律以及直径和传播距离对波速的影响是合理可行的,直径和传播距离都会对应力波在活立木中的传播形式及规律造成影响,但二者对波速的影响不同。     

Experiments on ring wave packet generated by water drop

The propagation of ring wave packet （composed of carrier waves modulated by an envelope） generated by a water drop was studied experimentally. It is a localized wave packet propagating with constant velocity and low diffusion. The wavelength, the amplitude and the waveform of the carrier waves, the velocity of the carrier waves and the packet have been measured. The measured wavelength λa of the carrier waves and the measured group velocity Cge of the packet are near the minimum point of the dispersion curve of group velocity, which may be the main reason why the packet can propagate with low diffusion.     

相控线阵声波辐射器阵元个数对充液井孔中各种模式波的影响

利用有限元数值模拟研究了由点源组成的相控线阵声波测井辐射器对充液井孔中各种波动模式波的影响，重点分析了阵元个数对各种波动模式波响应幅度的影响。结果表明，随着阵元间延迟时间的增加，声束偏转角逐渐增加。控制声束偏转角分别满足相控线阵辐射声束在纵、横波临界角位置入射时，随相控线阵阵元个数增加，折射纵、横波响应幅度呈正比增加；在非临界角入射时，阵元个数的增加对折射纵、横波能量的增强效果不明显。当阵元个数不变时，随声束偏转角的增加，纵、横波声压值也开始逐渐增加，且在偏转角分别等于第一或第二临界角时达到最大；若偏转角再继续增加，声压值又会逐渐减弱。     

多层介质中瑞雷波传播的数学模型

地面军事目标如坦克、装甲车辆行进时会产生地震波：在地层中传播的体波和在地表面传播的瑞雷波。当探测点距目标较远时,传感器检测到的目的运动产生的地震信号成份主要为瑞雷波。利用地震波对地面军事目标探测,主要是对瑞雷波探测和识别。该文根据地质模型假设,推导出多层介质条件下由点震源的作用在介质中引起的瑞雷波的传播模型,并用此模型对不同目标运动时所产生的瑞雷波信号加以预测。     

Dynamics of travelling waves in visual perception

Nonlinear wave propagation is ubiquitous in nature, appearing in chemical reaction kinetics, cardiac tissue dynamics, cortical spreading depression and slow wave sleep. The application of dynamical modelling has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying such nonlinear wave phenomena in several domains. Wave propagation can also be perceived as sweeping waves of visibility that occur when the two eyes view radically different stimuli. Termed binocular rivalry, these fluctuating states of perceptual dominance and suppression are thought to provide a window into the neural dynamics that underlie conscious visual awareness. Here we introduce a technique to measure the speed of rivalry dominance waves propagating around a large, essentially one-dimensional annulus. When mapped onto visual cortex, propagation speed is independent of eccentricity. Propagation speed doubles when waves travel along continuous contours, thus demonstrating effects of collinear facilitation. A neural model with reciprocal inhibition between two layers of units provides a quantitative explanation of dominance wave propagation in terms of disinhibition. Dominance waves provide a new tool for investigating fundamental cortical dynamics.     

水波传播的无网格数值模拟

在水波传播的数值模拟中采用了一种基于配点和径向基函数的无网格方法.采用Laplace方程的基本解作为径向基函数,将源点布置在模拟波浪场之外,沿边界布置配点而不是划分网格,从而自动满足控制方程,且不存在奇点,不需要求解积分方程.数值造波采用给定入射波面和速度势的方法,数值消波综合采用阻尼层消波和Sommerfeld辐射条件,非线性自由面的演化追踪采用二阶Taylor级数展开式.对线性规则波和非线性三阶Stokes波的模拟显示,数值结果与理论解吻合良好.表明无网格方法不但形式简单、计算速度快,而且稳定性和准确性令人满意,有望成为水波模拟问题的一种有效的数值方法.     

Wave Damping over a Perforated Plate with Water Chambers

Introduction In recent decades,various permeable structures have been used in coastal engineering projects not only as breakwaters to prevent wave attacks but also as sea-walls to dissipate harbor waves.Permeable structures can be cataloged by their appea…     

左-右手系材料界面上的表面波

利用严格的电磁理论证明2种偏振入射都能在各向同性的负折射材料与正折射材料界面上激发表面波,并推导出了相应表面波的传播波矢和激发条件.针对电磁波在非线性左手系材料中的传播性质,研究左、右手系材料界面上非线性TE表面波的传播行为,分析表明:2种界面上的非线性TE表面波均存在频率通带和禁带.     

Linear theory of the response of Na mixing ratio to gravity waves

The influence of gravity waves on the sodium layer is studied by using a linear photochemical-dynamical coupling gravity wave model. The model includes the back-ground photochemistry and the photochemical reactions in the sodium layer. The amplitude and phase difference of the response of sodium mixing ratio to gravity waves are calculated. The results indicate that the lower part of sodium layer is the most sensitive region responding to gravity waves. The perturbation of sodium mixing ratio is in phase with temperature in the lower part of the layer. However, it is out of phase with temperature fluctuation in the upper part.     

An effective absorbing boundary algorithm for acoustical wave propagator

In this paper,Berenger's perfectly matched layer(PML)absorbing boundary condition for electromagnetic waves is introduced as the truncation area of the computational domain to absorb one-dimensional acoustic wave for the scheme of acoustical wave propagator(AWP).To guarantee the efficiency of the AWP algorithm,a regulated propagator matrix is derived in the PML medium.Numerical simulations of a Gaussian wave packet propagating in one-dimensional duct are carried out to illustrate the efficiency of the combination of PML and AWP.Compared with the traditional smoothing truncation windows technique of AWP,this scheme shows high computational accuracy in absorbing acoustic wave when the acoustical wave arrives at the computational edges.Optimal coefficients of the PML configurations are also discussed.     

群波在斜坡上的爬落变化研究

通过理论推导，将群波分解为线性项和非线性项，讨论群波非线性项在不同水深条件下的影响情况，试验中取各组成波波高相等，频率间隔０．０２Ｈｚ，通过模型试验研究群波在斜坡上的爬落变化，并与相应于群波有效波高的规则波的试验成果和经验公式进行对比分析，发现群波和规则波在斜坡上的爬高和爬落幅度的规律大致相同，而落深存在一定差异，即当Ｉｒｉｂｒｒｅｎ数较小时，规则波没有回落现象，运用谱分析方法研究群波在斜坡上的爬     

Coupling and propagating of mesoscale sea level variability between the western Pacific and the South China Sea

The coupling and propagating features of mesoscale sea level variability between the western Pacific (WP) and the South China Sea (SCS) were studied based on time series analyses of satellite altimeter measured, along-track sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) along 21°N and the slope of the northern SCS. The analyses show that mesoscale sea level fluctuations in the WP have rather limited coherent effects on the SCS, and no statistically significant propagation of mesoscale variability through the Luzon Strait was observed except in the 45-day band. Evidence suggests that the 45-day fluctuation is very much likely a character of the Kuroshio originating from its low-latitude beginning. It is also sug- gested that the westward propagating Rossby waves will deform when they encounter the dynamical barrier of the Kuroshio. The Kuroshio will then acts on the SCS in its own way. The SCS is a relatively isolated system in the sense of coupling and propagating of oceanic mesoscale waves.     

Cokelet理论在波流计算中的应用

应用Ｃｏｋｅｌｅｔ方法，计算了波流共同作用下的极限波高和波浪的相对角频率． 计算表明：当水深不是太浅时．计算结果与Ｄａｌｒｙｍｐｌｅ计算的极限波高，以及线 性波理论计算的相对角频率是十分接近的；而当水深很浅时则有一定的出入。     

Low-frequency waves in magnetic reconnection

The characteristics of low-frequency waves in magnetic reconnection are studied using two-dimensional hybrid simulation code. In a coordinate system moving with fluid,the time series of a magnetic field perpendicular to the magnetic reconnection plane,By, is transformed into the power spectrum via fast Fourier transformation,while the wave propagation direction and polarization are determined by minimum variance analysis of the electric field.The results show that low-frequency Alfvén ion-cyclotron waves dominate the reconnection area.These waves have frequencies 0-1Ωp(where Ωp is the local proton gyro frequency)and all are left-handed circularly polarized.Among these waves,large-amplitude turbulence,with frequencies of 0-0.6Ωp and isotropic propagation,dominates the outflow regions.This can cause the reversal of By in the quadrupole structure.In the inflow regions, dominant waves,propagating mainly parallel to the ambient magnetic field,have higher frequencies and smaller amplitudes.The frequency of the main peak of wave energy is usually higher than 0.5Ωp.     

引力理论和引力速度测量

引力是最早被认识的物理相互作用,它由Newton经典理论和Einstein的广义相对论描述。相对论包括狭义的( SR)和广义的( GR),其中空间和时间是一体化的,而GR也被称为几何动力学。在Newton理论中引力速度是无限大,而在Einstein理论中引力速度是光速。 GR认为引力与电磁力不同,是弯曲时空的纯几何效应。 GR还预言存在引力波,但即使经历了近百年的实验和寻找,它仍然只是物理学家头脑中的想象。本文认为空间、时间是物理学中的独立概念,所谓空时(或时空)在自然界并不存在,没有实在性。所谓空时(或时空)无法测量,故无科学意义。所谓“时间弯曲”更是无意义的不通的表述。在引力理论中,Newton平方反比定律( ISL)非常重要,而且极为精确。 Newton理论中引力首先是力,抓住了事物的本质。很久以前许多著名科学家就知道引力传播速度比光速大很多( vG ?c ),他们是I. Newton,P. Laplace, R. L?mmel,M. Born,A. Eddington,T. Flandern等;他们普遍认为引力如以有限速度(光速c )传播,绕日运动的行星由于扭矩作用将不稳定。1805年Laplace根据月球运动分析认为引力速度vG ≥7×106 c。人们考虑了不同的引力理论模型,例如把引力当作平坦时空中的力作用,从而研究得出引力速度大于2×1010 c———Flandern根据双星轨道计算得出此值。上述多个结果均与所谓引力波无关。电磁学中也有类似现象,当计算电荷产生的静电场,或天线近区的静态场,结合实验竟发现Coulomb场传播速度可为超光速, vs =(1.01~10) c。由于Coulomb场也是ISL,其结果与引力传播相似。虫洞和曲相推进完全是GR理论的产物,建基于时空一体化和弯曲时空的理念。虽然人人都知道SR断言“不可能有超光速运动”,但GR在实际上却否定了这一说法,表明相对论内部有不自洽性。但这些研究都断言需要有能量为负的奇异物质,证明加强对负能量研究是重要的。本文最后把引力传播、静态Coulomb场传播、量子纠缠态( QES)传播三者作比较,它们都存在超光速现象。虽然我们无法指出造成这些现象的原因,但却能找出现象的规律,并为自然界的奇妙感到惊奇。