Behavior of gravity waves with limited amplitude in the vicinity of critical layer

By using the FICE scheme, a numerical simulation of three-dimensional nonlinear propagation of gravity wave packet in a wind-stratified atmosphere is presented. The whole nonlinear propagation process of the gravity wave packet is shown; the propagation behavior of gravity waves in the vicinity of critical layer is analyzed. The results show that gravity waves encounter the critical layer when propagating in the fair winds whose velocities increase with height, and the height of critical layer propagating nonlinearly is lower than that expected by the linear gravity waves theory; the amplitudes of gravity waves increase with height as a whole before gravity waves encounter the critical layer, but the increasing extent is smaller than the result given by the linear theory of gravity waves, while the amplitudes of gravity waves reduce when gravity waves meet the critical layer; the energy of wave decreases with height, especially at the critical layer; the vertical wavelength reduces with the height increasing, but it does not become zero.     

有限形变和粘弹性阻尼对纵向应变孤波的影响

本文用微扰理论方法,详细地研究了非线性弹性杆中纵向应变孤波在有限形变和线性粘弹性阻尼作用下的演变规律.发现有限形变和线性粘弹性阻尼对纵向应变孤波的主要影响是:a.孤波发生形变;b.孤波的传播速度减小;C.孤波的能量发生耗散;d.孤波后面会生长出一条振荡形状的小尾迹.当忽略有限形变和线性粘弹性阻尼时,应变孤波的能量是一个常数,这种能量的聚集可能导致杆的非线性结构断裂.     

振荡浮子式波能装置波浪爬升特性试验

 复杂海洋环境下振荡浮子式波能装置与波浪相互作用过程中，浮子迎浪侧会发生波浪爬升等非线性现象，严重时波浪会越过浮子顶部，这对波能装置的发电效率及工作性能产生不利影响。设计并进行了规则波作用下垂荡浮子迎浪侧波浪爬升特性的物理模型试验，探讨了波浪周期、常数PTO（能量摄取，power take-off）阻尼以及不同周期下改变常数阻尼对波浪爬升特性的影响。研究结果表明，波浪周期较大和PTO阻尼较小时，有利于降低浮子迎浪侧的波浪爬升幅度；波浪周期较小时，改变PTO阻尼对迎浪侧的波浪爬升幅度影响较小。     

泊肃叶流的强非线性表面长波

考虑了在单层泊肃叶流背景下的强非线性长波,其中唯一假设为水深与特征波长之比为小量,建立了基于平均速度为速度变量的模型.由于在推导过程中未对波幅做任何假设,因而获得的模型具有更广的适用范围.     

重力波波包在水平风场中非线性传播的数值模拟--Ⅱ.水平风场为非均匀风场

采用全隐欧拉格式(FICE)对重力波波包在非均匀风场中的三维非线性传播进行了数值模拟,给出了波包在三维空间中非线性传播的过程．分析了重力波的传播特性及风场对重力波传播的影响．计算结果表明：波振幅随高度的增加而增长．但比线性条件下的指数增长要慢;重力波在剪切风场中非线性传播时垂直波长随高度的增加而减小。     

The gravity wave instability induced by photochemistry in summer polar mesopause region

The effect of diabatic process due to the photochemical heating and cooling on the gravity wave propagation in middle atmosphere is studied. A linear gravity wave model which considers the diabatic process is established. The unstable region and the growth rate of the gravity wave caused by photochemistry are calculated. And the comparison between the model and the adiabatic gravity wave theory of pure dynamics is made. The results indicate that the photochemical heating process can induce the instability of gravity wave at mesopause. The intensity of the instability becomes stronger as the temperature decreases. The temperature feature and the altitude characteristics of the instability are consistent with the observation. Therefore, the instability of the gravity wave induced by photochemistry may be an important mechanism in polar mesopause region in summer.     

Nonlinear effects of the finite amplitude ultrasound wave in biological tissues

Nonlinear effects will occur during the transmission of the finite amplitude wave in biological tissues. The theoretical prediction and experimental demonstration of the nonlinear effects on the propagation of the finite amplitude wave at the range of biomedical ultrasound frequency and intensity are studied. Results show that the efficiency factor and effective propagation distance will decrease while the attenuation coefficient increases due to the existence of nonlinear effects. The experimental results coincided quite well with the theory. This shows that the effective propagation distance and efficiency factor can be used to describe quantitatively the influence of nonlinear effects on the propagation of the finite amplitude sound wave in biological tissues.     

一维构件中的波传播模型及其在结点的能量耗散

建立了在高频情况下,一维构件的波传播模型,针对工程中常见的螺栓连接梁结构,讨论了波在这种情况中传播的特性及能量耗散问题,提出了一种简化的非线性接头模型·分析与实践结果表明这种非线性模型更能接近实际,波通过梁的螺栓接部时,存在着能量耗散·螺栓松紧程度对能量耗散有较大的影响·在共振频率处,连接部分发生较大的折射·     

Weakly nonlinear stability of ultra-thin slipping films

A weakly nonlinear theory is presented to study the effects of slippage on the stability of the ultra-thin polymer films. The nonlinear mathematical model is constructed for perturbations of small finite amplitude based on hydrodynamic equations with the long wave approximation. Results reveal that the nonlinearity always accelerates the rupture of the films. The influences of the slip length, film thickness, and initial amplitude of perturbations on the rupture of the films are investigated.     

混凝土骨料粒径对弹性波特征参数衰减影响研究

混凝土的物料组成影响着弹性波特征参数的衰减规律,该规律的研究对于提高工程安全检测精度意义重大.以0.1～0.25 mm,0.5～1 mm,1～2 mm和2～5 mm粒径的砂为骨料制成板状混凝土试件,利用声发射测量系统记录不同传播距离处的信号全波形,分析骨料粒径对弹性波衰减过程的影响机制.结果表明:弹性波的幅值按负指数函数衰减,衰减系数分别为0.04375,0.02579,0.02185,0.01871,即骨料粒径越小,则幅值的相对衰减速度越快;弹性波能量衰减规律也符合负指数函数,粒径越小,则能量衰减速度越快;弹性波的衰减速度与频率密切相关,随传播距离的增加,信号主频和频谱重心均近似线性下降,即高频信号部分衰减更快;此外,声发射信号振铃计数大致呈对数函数衰减.     

波浪在有浅滩的波浪槽里的传播

用杂交有限元方法计算波浪在有浅滩的波浪槽里的绕射和反射;控制方程为含地形变化和能量耗损的二维波动方程。其中的地形变化包括慢变分量和小振幅快变分量。能量耗损项可根据不同的物理模型使用不同的公式,并以实例对方法的数值计算结果作了验证。     

二阶微小项声波动方程的同伦分析近似解

由于声波在大气中的传播复杂性,数值模拟方法被广泛采用,但其不能给出解析解的表达式,且其精度有限.文章利用同伦分析方法求解二阶微小项声波动方程的近似解,该方程可以描述声波在大气中传播时的衰减和非线性效应.首先,引入包含衰减项的初始近似解,利用同伦分析方法迭代公式求得一次、二次近似解以及三阶近似解;之后利用Monin-Obukhov相似理论得到的多云、有风的夜晚天气条件下的声速剖面、风速剖面、温度剖面,并对近似解进行了空间数值模拟.结果表明,由于非线性和衰减效应,近似解波形发生了畸变,且声压随着传播距离的增加而减小,因此对研究大气中的声波传播特性具有重要意义.     

振荡水柱波能转换器的消反射特性研究

基于势流理论,建立了振荡水柱(OWC)型波能转换器的二维数学模型.采用去奇异的边界积分方程法(DBIEM)模拟了完全非线性波.通过调整OWC腔室内振荡压强的幅值和相位,使OWC工作于消反射状态.研究了波能吸收效率与OWC腔室内振荡压强的幅值、相位的关系.数值计算表明:消反射时,OWC的波能吸收效率比传统形式的OWC高很多.在消反射状态下,OWC腔室内振荡压强和通过透平气体流量的幅值增大且二者存在相位差,这与传统的OWC是不同的.最后提出了不同于传统形式的新型OWC波能转换器的设计思路.     

Nonlinear interactions between gravity waves and background winds

Using the nonlinear propagating gravity waves (GW) model in the two-dimensional compressible atmosphere and the linear GW theory, the process of GW propagation in different background winds, e.g. the direction of the background wind is opposite to (dead wind) or the same as (tail wind) the direction of the horizontal phase velocity of GW, is studied. The results show that the dead wind prolongs the vertical wavelength and accelerates GW propagation. Therefore, GW propagates up to a higher height becomes instable in a short time and eventually induces an inverse jet flow. Then, the vertical wavelength is becoming short due to the nonlinear interactions between GW and the inverse jet flow. The vertical wavelength and group velocity decrease after GW propagates into the tail wind. The initial instable time is delayed. Although most of GW is trapped in the instable region, some of GW propagates above the instable region. Compared with GW propagation in the tail wind, the nonlinear interactions between GW and the dead wind are also strong. In contrast, the linear GW theory predicts that GW can propagate freely in the dead wind. The vertical wavelength simulated by the nonlinear numerical model is different from that predicted by the linear theory greatly after GW propagates into the dead wind.     

Nonlinear interactions between gravity waves and background winds

Using the nonlinear propagating gravity waves (GW) model in the two-dimensional compressible atmosphere and the linear GW theory, the process of GW propagation in different background winds, e.g. the direction of the background wind is opposite to (dead wind) or the same as (tail wind) the direction of the horizontal phase velocity of GW, is studied. The results show that the dead wind prolongs the vertical wavelength and accelerates GW propagation. Therefore, GW propagates up to a higher height becomes instable in a short time and eventually induces an inverse jet flow. Then, the vertical wavelength is becoming short due to the nonlinear interactions between GW and the inverse jet flow. The vertical wavelength and group velocity decrease after GW propagates into the tail wind. The initial instable time is delayed. Although most of GW is trapped in the instable region, some of GW propagates above the instable region. Compared with GW propagation in the tail wind, the nonlinear interactions between GW and the dead wind are also strong. In contrast, the linear GW theory predicts that GW can propagate freely in the dead wind. The vertical wavelength simulated by the nonlinear numerical model is different from that predicted by the linear theory greatly after GW propagates into the dead wind.     

基于FUNWAVE-TVD模型的岸礁次重力波数值模拟

为了研究不规则波条件下岸礁上次重力波的传播规律,采用完全非线性的Boussinesq数值模型FUNWAVE TVD对波浪水槽的物理模型试验进行了数值模拟。在对短波、次重力波有效波高与时均水位模拟结果验证的基础上,采用互相关分析与小波二阶谱研究了次重力波的生成、传播过程及相关的非线性能量传递。结果表明：礁前次重力波从谱峰频段获得能量;礁前斜坡上水深变浅时,非线性作用加剧,更多波能从谱峰频段传至高频段与低频段并伴随着约束波的成长;礁坪上次重力波主要由破碎点移动产生,礁坪末端能量传递主要发生在低频段之间。     

激活介质中孤立波的放大与衰减

描述激活介质中非线性波传播的控制方程是含微扰的KdV方程.本文利用新的直接微扰方法详细研究了在不同微扰作用下的KdV方程,从而得到了在不同微扰作用下孤立波的幅度和速度随时间的变化规律.为了比较,最后还给出了一些数值模拟结果.     

基于非静压方程的波浪破碎模拟

在保证数值精度的基础上,为了提高非静压波浪模型在近岸波浪传播破碎模拟中的计算效率,基于非静压方程模型(SWASH)建立了近岸波浪破碎数值模型.数值模型通过将描述波浪破碎的非静压方程退化为非线性静压浅水方程并引入波浪破碎后能量衰减的紊动模型以减少模拟破碎时的垂向分层数.利用斜坡、潜堤以及沙坝上的波浪破碎水槽实验对模型进行了验证.结果表明,所建立的模型只需要在垂向划分较少的网格层数,即可合理地描述波浪破碎点位置和破碎后波高,进一步提高了非静压波浪模型在实际工程应用中的吸引力和竞争力.     

脉冲波在非色散、非耗散弹性媒质中的机械能和动量

本文通过机械能、机械动量流动的观点,依据波传播的线性理论,审查了在一个绷紧不变的弹性弦上或在一个纤细弹性杆中传播的脉冲波。本文建立了能量和动量流动的连续性方程,还导出了波位移的两个边界条件。并且仔细检验了一个重要的特殊情况:就是任意形状的小振幅脉冲通过一个均匀狭窄媒质传输进入到另外一种线性质量密度媒质的状况。本文获得了瞬时入射、反射和透射波脉冲的机械能和动量,并且证明此机械能和动量分别为运动常数。     

脉冲波在非色散、非耗散弹性媒质中的机械能和动量

本文通过机械能、机械动量流动的观点,依据波传播的线性理论,审查了在一个绷紧不变的弹性弦上或在一个纤细弹性杆中传播的脉冲波.本文建立了能量和动量流动的连续性方程,还导出了波位移的两个边界条件.并且仔细检验了一个重要的特殊情况:就是任意形状的小振幅脉冲通过一个均匀狭窄媒质传输进入到另外一种线性质量密度媒质的状况.本文获得了瞬时入射、反射和透射波脉冲的机械能和动量,并且证明此机械能和动量分别为运动常数.