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1.
对水平环缝内冷水自然对流换热性能进行了实验研究.水平环缝宽度为6~18 mm,外壁温度维持0℃,换热温差为2~24℃.结果表明,在实验范围内,内壁面的平均表面传热系数随环缝宽度的增大而增加;当温差小于4℃或大于8℃时,平均表面传热系数随温差的增大而增大,在4~8℃范围内,随温差的增大而减小.采用逐步线性回归方法,得到了内壁传热关联式.  相似文献   

2.
建立了环缝式电磁搅拌法制备半固态金属浆料系统电磁场的计算模型,采用商用ANSYS软件对制浆系统内电磁场分布进行了数值模拟,分析了电流、频率、坩埚材质、冷却器材质和环缝宽度对磁感应强度的影响规律,并进行了相应的实验验证. 研究结果表明:电磁场模拟结果与实验结果具有较好地一致性,验证了计算模型与软件算法的可行性;系统电磁力主要分布于环缝内,提高了对合金熔体的搅拌强度;在相同的环缝宽度下,磁感应强度随频率的增大而依次减小,随电流的增大而依次增大;同时选用不锈钢坩埚与石墨冷却器可以使环缝内铝合金熔体的磁感应强度获得最大;相同电流和频率条件下,磁感应强度随着环缝宽度减小而逐渐增大;相同搅拌功率条件下,环缝式电磁搅拌法可以获得更加细小均匀的半固态组织,平均晶粒尺寸较普通电磁搅拌法减小31%.  相似文献   

3.
夏全忠 《科学技术与工程》2012,12(10):2368-2374,2390
为了提高涡轮叶片内冷通道流动传热计算精度,首先讨论了大温差下空气物性不同计算方法间的差异,并通过与管内常用传热经验关系式结果的对比,研究了不同定性温度取值方法和湍流模型对数值模拟结果的影响。在此基础上侧重研究了大温差对光滑圆形内冷通道内的流动传热的影响,温度比变化范围0.5~0.9,通道Re数范围20 000~60 000,得到了传热Nu数和温度修正因子随温度比与Re数的变化数据和拟合关系式。结果表明采用截面平均流体温度定义传热系数和采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型可使局部和平均传热系数与Gnielinski公式结果符合良好。大温差对通道传热的影响显著,Nu数最大降幅可达30%。计算显示温度修正因子随温度比的减小而减小,随Re数的增大而减小。  相似文献   

4.
为有效进行大体积混凝土施工温度控制,对大体积混凝土施工过程中温度场分布规律进行研究.针对混凝土水化放热过程中内热源随时间变化的问题,采用杜哈美尔定理推导出第三类边界条件下大体积混凝土墙水化放热温度场的解析解.由大体积混凝土墙水化放热温度场解析解可知,混凝土水化放热过程中,混凝土内某一点温度随时间增加先增大后减小,且温度变化近似符合指数函数之和;某一时刻混凝土内温度从核心到表面逐渐降低,且温度分布近似符合三角函数.结合解析解与数值分析方法研究发现,随着混凝土厚度、入模温度、混凝土绝热温升和单方胶凝材料对应系数的增大,混凝土养护阶段核心最高温度升高,导致混凝土里表温差增大;随着表面传热系数增加,混凝土养护阶段核心最高温度和表面温度降低,但是混凝土里表温差增大.混凝土内最大自约束应力正比于里表温差,因此通过分层浇筑、降低混凝土的入模温度、减小混凝土表面传热系数、降低混凝土绝热温升值和单方胶凝材料对应系数等方式可以减小混凝土内最大自约束应力,降低大体积混凝土开裂风险.  相似文献   

5.
从经济的角度综合考虑,基于动态年折算费用法建立了区域供冷系统供回水经济温差的优化模型,并以夏热冬冷地区某小区区域供冷系统为例,分析了用电价格、比摩阻、供冷距离以及空调负荷等因素对供回水经济温差的影响.结果表明,当供回水经济温差为6.3℃时,年度费用最低,此时供水温度为5.9℃,与常规设计温度7/12℃相比,每年可节约2.4万元,经济温差随电价的增加而减小,随比摩阻、供冷距离、空调负荷的增大而增大.  相似文献   

6.
建立火灾环境下的储罐热响应模型,针对立式储罐进行数值模拟.计算结果表明储罐压力响应速率随充装率的增大而增大,随热流密度的增大而增大,随储罐壁面材料传热系数的增大而增大;储罐内部介质温度响应数率随充装率的增大而减小,随储罐壁面材料传热系数的增大而增大.  相似文献   

7.
运用数值方法模拟C浓度和扩散应力沿壁厚方向随扩散时间的演变规律,研究圆筒结构在平面应变情况下扩散应力对渗C的影响.结果表明:扩散应力增大了C的有效扩散系数,从而加速了质量传递的过程;当扩散时间一定时,C浓度和平均浓度随着圆筒外径与内径比值的增大而减小.圆筒中内表面渗C导致径向应力从内壁到外壁始终为压应力,周向和轴向应力在内壁附近为压应力,在外壁附近为拉应力.  相似文献   

8.
为了确定低温多效蒸发(LT-MED)海水淡化装置中流动阻力对传热温差的影响,基于考虑阻力损失的LT-MED热力过程数学模型,计算了各项流动阻力引起的温差损失在装置各效蒸发/冷凝器中的分布,分析了蒸发/冷凝器数量、平均表观传热温差对阻力引起的传热温差损失的影响。结果表明:平均表观传热温差一定时,每效蒸发/冷凝器内各项阻力随蒸发/冷凝器序列数的增加先减小后增大,相应温差损失逐渐增大;随蒸发/冷凝器数量增加,管内凝结和除沫器流动阻力引起的温差损失所占比例均上升,而管束流动阻力呈下降趋势;装置中阻力引起的传热温差损失比例随蒸发/冷凝器数量增加、平均表观传热温差增大而增大,且相当可观,对装置性能的影响不可忽视。  相似文献   

9.
以低温多效蒸发海水淡化装置中的水平管降膜蒸发过程为研究对象,对海水水平管降膜蒸发的传热系数在不同蒸发温度、雷诺数(Re)等条件下沿圆周角方向的分布特征进行了实验研究.研究结果表明:海水作为实验流体时,传热系数随蒸发温度的升高而降低,随Re的增大而呈现先升高,达到最大值后略微降低的趋势,随圆周角的增大而先减小后增大.  相似文献   

10.
采用数值模拟的方法研究分析了工程中常用的水平弯管在设置导流片与否的情况下,管内气流特征和粒子在其内壁面的沉积规律。结果表明,导流片的设置使管道流场更加均匀,不同风管尺寸和管内流速时,弯管内粒子沉积速度的空间分布相似。内侧内壁面粒子沉积速度与风管宽度、管内流速均呈正相关;外侧内壁面粒子沉积速度随风管宽度增加而减小,随管内流速增加而明显增大。利用模拟的64个工况数据,提出了4类弯管内、外侧内壁面平均粒子沉积速度预测公式,为预测弯管内壁面沉积量、确定风管清洗必要性提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

13.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

14.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

15.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

16.
Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.  相似文献   

17.
以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.  相似文献   

18.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

19.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

20.
Quality traits in wheat (Triticum aestirum L.) were studied by quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross (ChSh). Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.  相似文献   

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