高含水率疏浚淤泥固化的力学性质试验研究

基于以废治废有效利用大掺量粉煤灰治理淤泥的思路,使用水泥和生石灰作为粉煤灰的激发剂,同时使用高吸水树脂内供水进行固化土内养护,进行固化土无侧限抗压强度试验和含水率试验.水泥加高吸水树脂、水泥加粉煤灰及水泥加生石灰双掺固化试验发现,各掺量下固化土的强度随龄期的增长而增长,在水泥掺入比一定时各种固化材料存在最佳掺量;以此为基础的四种材料的正交试验得出了固化淤泥的最佳的配比组合并分析固化机制,可以为低掺量水泥处理高含水率疏浚淤泥的实际工程提供参考.含水率试验得出粉煤灰和生石灰能快速降低固化土的含水率,高吸水树脂能够延缓固化土含水率的降低,能够通过内供水的方式保证水化反应环境,继而促使水化反应更大程度地进行.     

离子固化淤泥土的强度特征与破坏模式

为了使废弃的淤泥获得工程价值,提高淤泥土的强度,通过对不同掺量的水泥和离子固化剂的配比,研究固化后淤泥在不同龄期下无侧限抗压强度,分析了水泥掺量和离子固化剂掺量对固化土抗压强度的影响,确定了离子固化剂的最佳掺量,得出了淤泥离子固化土的两种破坏形态。结果表明:淤泥固化土的抗压强度与水泥掺量成明显的线性递增关系,当离子固化剂的掺量达到0.02%时抗压强度不再明显的增加,甚至会降低;离子固化剂固化淤泥土有利于提高早期强度;当6%水泥和0.02%离子固化剂掺量时可达到工程要求,可见淤泥离子固化土的研究具有重要的工程意义。     

水泥固化重金属污染膨胀土物理性质试验研究

重金属污染对生态环境和工程安全均造成严重不利影响,而对重金属污染膨胀土的固化研究还处于初级阶段。采用南阳地区膨胀土,通过室内添加硝酸铅和硝酸镉溶液分别配制3种不同浓度的重金属污染膨胀土,并采用水泥进行固化。在不同的水泥固化剂掺量下,对固化的重金属污染膨胀土进行击实、液塑限和自由膨胀率试验研究。比较分析干密度、自由膨胀率和液塑限随重金属浓度、水泥掺量的变化规律。试验表明,随着重金属Pb、Cd浓度的增加,污染膨胀土的干密度和自由膨胀率增大,而液塑限降低;掺入水泥后,污染膨胀土的干密度和自由膨胀率随着水泥掺量的增加而降低,液塑限提高,并且水泥对铅污染膨胀土的固化效果优于镉污染膨胀土。     

掺入秸秆纤维对固化高含水率淤泥黏滞特性影响研究

黏滞性是影响高含水率疏浚淤泥固化施工的重要工程特性。向高含水率疏浚淤泥流动固化土中添加秸秆纤维,开展黏滞度试验,探讨不同纤维掺量下淤泥流动固化土的黏滞特性。试验结果表明:相同剪切速率下,纤维掺量小于3%时,淤泥流动固化土剪切应力基本不受掺量增加的影响;纤维掺量≥3%时,剪切应力随掺量增加而降低。淤泥流动固化土动切力随秸秆纤维掺量增加而缓慢降低;黏滞系数随秸秆纤维掺量增加呈现先缓慢降低之后快速上升的变化规律。不同剪切速率下,淤泥流动固化土黏度随秸秆纤维掺量增加而缓慢降低。     

不同水泥掺量下非饱和固化淤泥力学特性试验研究

为明晰非饱和固化淤泥的强度特性,通过不同基质吸力、净围压下的三轴固结排水试验、无侧限抗压强度试验,探讨了水泥掺量、基质吸力和净围压对非饱和固化淤泥强度特性的影响.试验结果表明:固化淤泥的土-水特征曲线在基质吸力小于进气值时饱和度变化并不明显,而基质吸力大于进气值时,随着基质吸力的增大,固化淤泥的饱和度降低,低水泥掺量固化淤泥的土-水特征曲线位于高水泥掺量固化淤泥土-水特征曲线的下方;水泥掺量100 kg/m~3固化淤泥的应力-应变曲线表现为应变硬化,剪切时表现为体缩,而水泥掺量200、300 kg/m~3固化淤泥的应力-应变曲线均表现为应变软化,水泥掺量越高、净围压越小,应变软化趋势越明显.非饱和固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度与水泥掺量和基质吸力有关,水泥掺量越高、基质吸力越大,无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度越大.不同水泥掺量和基质吸力条件下抗剪强度和无侧限抗压强度之间存在良好的线性关系.     

高含水率软土固化剂材料的性能研究

以上海高含水率的淤泥质粉质黏土为研究对象,通过试验方法分析不同固化剂的固化性能。试验中采用石灰、石膏、矿渣微粉、超细水泥等部分替代水泥以组成不同配比的固化剂,以固化软土的UCS为主要指标,研究不同配比固化剂对高含水率软土早期固化效果和破坏特点。研究结果表明:(1)当高含水率软土中固化剂总掺入比为20%时,超细水泥对固化土的抗压强度性能影响最大;(2)随着超细水泥掺量的增加,固化软土抗压强度逐渐增大,但对于含水率50%的固化土由于二次水化反应的不充分抗压强度增长缓慢,超细水泥掺量存在一定的阈值。     

水泥固化高含水率淤泥的收缩性质

针对高含水率疏浚淤泥水泥固化后的失水收缩性质,通过收缩试验对水泥添加量、养护龄期和淤泥初始含水率对水泥固化后的收缩规律进行了研究.结果表明:对于不同水泥添加量、养护龄期和初始含水率的固化淤泥,收缩曲线的形式与天然黏土相似;固化淤泥的收缩主要是由于水分蒸发引起,水泥添加量越高、养护龄期越长、淤泥的初始含水率越低对固化淤泥的收缩性控制越有利.     

吸水树脂快速固化高含水率疏浚淤泥试验

为利用吸水树脂快速固化高含水率疏浚淤泥,以树脂和淤泥直接拌和、树脂按不同方式布置于淤泥中的试验为基础,研究树脂使用方式对淤泥状态和质量含水率变化的影响。试验结果表明:树脂与淤泥直接拌和可以提高淤泥的液限和塑限,并能快速将淤泥由流态转变为可塑态,方便淤泥的转运;吸水树脂沿水平或垂直方向布置在淤泥中,能快速将淤泥质量含水率由初始的1.3倍液限降至液限含水率附近;吸水饱和的树脂在30℃左右的环境中烘干后可以循环利用以降低成本;不同的使用方式的吸水树脂对不同状态的高含水率疏浚淤泥的固化效果均较好。     

水泥-电石渣-铁尾矿渣多掺固化处理淤泥研究

文章在传统水泥固化处理方法的基础上,提出使用水泥-电石渣-铁尾矿渣多掺固化处理淤泥的方法 ,以期达到以废治废,将废弃淤泥经济合理地转变成可利用的土资源。通过单掺试验、双掺试验及含水率影响试验,研究不同龄期的固化土无侧限抗压强度规律,并对其固化机理进行分析。结果表明,淤泥固化后无侧限抗压强度显著提高,其强度随着掺量的增大和龄期的增长而增大,并存在一个最佳掺量范围。     

脱硫灰-水泥固化淤泥强度特性与固化-抽滤联合加固应用

采用水泥-脱硫灰复合体系固化淤泥软土,进行液塑限、无侧限抗压强度、扫描电镜、能谱分析等一系列实验,分析多种脱硫灰质量分数下固化土的物理力学行为.鉴于脱硫灰能明显抑制黏土亲水性,引入了真空抽滤工艺,并进行了水泥-脱硫灰就地固化与真空抽滤的现场对比实验.结果表明,脱硫灰的加入会使土的液限和塑性指数显著下降.脱硫灰与水泥质量比为20%时固化土强度最高.脱硫灰质量分数过高时,产生的强碱高钙环境抑制了黏土矿物水膜,导致结合水减少,自由水增多,固化土强度随之下降.真空抽滤工艺配合脱硫灰则可大幅度减少土中自由水含量.脱硫灰与真空抽滤联合具有良好的加固效果,可应用于浅层高含水率淤泥处理中.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.