基于FPGA的卷积码Viterbi译码器实现方法

基于状态机设计了FPGA平台的卷积码Viterbi译码器。分析了该卷积码的格型图。利用其状态转移矩阵特点对Viterbi译码算法进行了简化。将译码器核心工作过程分为计算、比较、输出三个状态,通过计数器控制状态的转换。针对加法器不同的复用方法提出三种结构的译码器,并对不同结构的资源消耗情况进行了分析比较,这三种结构为实现更灵活的设计提供了选择依据。最后利用Modelsim软件对其进行了仿真,时序和译码结果和预期一致,证明该译码器的有效性。     

Viterbi译码器的FPGA设计实现与优化

在分析Viterbi译码算法基础上，采用一种新的流水结构设计Viterbi译码器的ACS模块．合理安排幸存路径的读写，采用单指针回溯算法译码输出，最终在Xilinx ISE上完成了约束长度为9的Viterbi译码器的FPGA设计．仿真实验结果表明，设计的译码器在资源消耗上有较大优势．     

独立前向滑块式超高速Viterbi译码器结构设计

超宽带(UWB)通信系统需要高达480Mb/s的Viterbi译码器,而传统并行Viterbi译码器结构难以在现场可编程门阵列(field-programmable gate array,FPGA)上实现该速率。该文提出了独立前向滑块式并行Viterbi译码结构,解决了传统并行Viterbi译码器硬件实现存在的布线拥塞、逻辑资源消耗过大等技术难题,有效提高了系统最大工作时钟频率;同时,给出一种精简加比选单元(ACSU),通过减少加比选迭代运算阶数,降低了关键路径延时,进一步提高了系统最大工作时钟频率。完成4路并行Viterbi译码器的硬件设计,并在Xilinx Virtex-4FPGA上进行了验证,其最高译码速率达720Mb/s。     

一种基于分支度量标准的新卷积码译码算法

提出了一种新的门限可调的序列译码算法和一种新的遍历译码树图的方法.取代了传统序列译码算法的路径度量,该算法使用基于最大似然准则的分支度量.算法引入了2个新参数:跳回距离和来回距离.该算法的性能与其他序列译码算法和Viterbi算法相比,适合于长约束长度卷积码译码.结果表明,该算法是一种很好的可以用来对卷积码译码的方法,其译码速度快,并且具有良好的误码率(BER)性能.     

用MSP430实现(2,1,4)卷积码编码及Viterbi译码

介绍了一种利用TI公司的超低功耗单片机MSP430实现由(2,1,4)卷积码生成的最佳增信删余码(Punctured Codes)的编码与其Viterbi译码的技术.首先简要介绍了由(2,1,4)卷积码生成的最佳增信删余码的编码原理与解码方法,其本质上是为了降低码率和冗余信息而牺牲码的性能的一种做法.译码采用了Viterbi算法.本文的目标是尽量用较快的速度、较少的硬件资源达到用单片机来实现卷积码的编码与Viterbi译码.在本文中详细介绍他们的实现方法.     

OFDM系统中Viterbi译码器的设计及FPGA验证

在对Viterbi译码算法进行Matlab软件仿真的基础上,综合考虑硬件开销以及电力线OFDM传输系统中FEC解码的具体要求,确定了Viterbi译码器的各个设计参数．为了提高译码性能和译码速度,提出了一种改进的回溯算法．整个设计用Verilog语言编写,采用FPGA技术,通过系统联调,验证了设计的合理性与可靠性．     

改进的TPC译码器设计与实现

为改进Turbo乘积码(TPC)硬件译码器的性能和降低实现复杂性,采用理论分析和实现仿真的方法,通过对TPC码基本编译码原理的深入分析,基于Chase2软判决译码算法的迭代译码过程的研究和仿真基础上,提出改进迭代译码过程中外部信息计算的方法,给出了其FPGA设计和实现方法.研究结果表明:使用的改进算法对编码参数为(64,57,4)的TPC码进行译码在译码迭代次数为3次、不可靠位数选择为3位时,在误比特率为10-6条件下,编码增益能达到6.8 dB.     

高速Viterbi译码器的FPGA实现

为实现无线局域网技术中的高速Viterbi译码要求,本文提出了一种基于FPGA实现的Viterbi译码器的并行结构,并从路径度量管理着手,合理组织了存储器的结构,理论研究和实验结果均表明,此种结构具有译码速度快,结构简单,易于实现的优点.     

一种基于LCC算法的新型RS码译码器

相比于传统的硬判决译码算法,RS码软判决译码算法能够获得更大的编码增益,但硬件实现较为复杂. 针对这一问题,本文在LCC软判决译码算法的基础上提出了一种改进型校验子算法,可在不影响译码性能的前提下大幅降低硬件复杂度. 仿真结果表明,本文设计的RS(255, 239)码η=3译码器,在BPSK调制下通过AWGN信道,相比于现有基于校验子的RS码译码器结构,硬件资源消耗减少20%. 采用SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺实现,芯片面积仅为0.81 mm2.      

基于FPGA的多约束长度Viterbi译码器

现有的各通信系统中卷积码的约束长度各不相同．为充分利用现有资源很有必要研究多约束长度的Viterbi译码器．基于FPGA讨论了实现多约束长度的卷积码的Viterbi译码器的一些问题．主要讨论了分支度量单元(BMU)、加比选单元(ACS)、路径度量寄存器单元(PMU)和幸存路径存储器单元(SVU)实现中的一些问题．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.