制备条件对碳材料形貌影响及其光致吸附增强

采用葡萄糖作碳源,利用水热法制备碳材料,研究了无机添加剂、表面活性剂、葡萄糖浓度、反应釜装填体积、反应温度和反应时间等对碳材料形貌的影响和光照下碳材料对罗丹明B的吸附性能。当葡萄糖浓度为7.5%、装填体积为75%、反应温度为160℃、反应时间为20 h、添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为0.25%时,可制得均一的、直径约600 nm的单分散碳球。在罗丹明B水溶液浓度为8 mg/L、碳球浓度为0.4 g/L时,可见光照5 h染料去除率接近100%。水热制备条件可明显影响碳材料的形貌,光照可增强碳材料对罗丹明B类染料的吸附。     

碳载体对PtRu/C催化剂性能的影响研究

本文采用水热方法合成不同粒径和形貌的碳球,并将其作为载体,采用化学镀的方法制备PtRu/C催化剂;应用XRD、SEM和TEM对碳球及催化剂的结构和形貌进行表征。采用电化学方法测试不同形貌碳球的比表面积以及碳球担载催化剂的催化活性,结果表明,水热反应条件对碳球的粒径及形貌影响显著,三种碳球担载催化剂的活性按照以下顺序衰减：多孔的粒径约为100nm的碳球担载PtRu催化剂优于连体碳球优于直径约500nm的单分散碳球担载催化剂。TEM分析结果表明,在碳球表面化学镀的PtRu纳米颗粒均匀分散在碳载体表面,其平均粒径约为3nm。电化学测试表明粒径为100nm的多孔碳球的电化学比表面积较大,以这种碳球为载体的PtRu/C催化剂对甲醇氧化的催化性能较高。     

单分散聚苯乙烯微球的制备及其影响因素的研究

以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,无水乙醇为反应介质,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,采用分散聚合方法,制备出球形度良好的单分散聚苯乙烯微球。并讨论了初始单体浓度、引发剂用量、稳定剂用量及加料方式对聚苯乙烯微球粒径及分布的影响。结果表明,在一定反应条件下,随着初始单体浓度和引发剂浓度的增大,聚苯乙烯微球的粒径增大,分布变宽;随着分散稳定剂PVP浓度的增大,微球粒径变大,分布变窄。且一次加料有助于形成单分散的聚苯乙烯微球。     

单分散窄分布PMMA微球的制备工艺研究

通过分散聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯为单体,以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、甲醇/水为分散介质,并二次滴加单体与分散介质混合液,制备微米级单分散聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球.通过傅里叶转换红外分析,场发射扫描电镜,激光粒度分析等对微球进行表征.研究反应时间、初始单体浓度、分散剂浓度和引发剂用量等因素对微球粒径及粒径分布的影响.引发剂浓度和分散剂用量是影响聚合物微球粒径主要因素.分散剂浓度增大,引发剂浓度减小,均使微球粒径减小,分布变窄.最佳工艺条件为PVP用量1.5%、AIBN用量1%、单体用量10%、甲醇用量为60%、反应时间为6h、温度为75℃、制得的微球粒径为1.8μm.     

工艺因素对溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2微球粒径的影响

采用Stber溶胶-凝胶法,在碱性体系中水解正硅酸乙酯(TEOS),制备单分散球形SiO2,研究反应时间、温度、加水量、TEOS浓度、氨水浓度对所制备SiO2粒径大小的影响。结果表明,反应时间对SiO2粒径的影响较小,随着反应时间的延长,颗粒粒径有增大趋势;随着反应温度升高以及加水量、氨水浓度和TEOS浓度增大,SiO2的粒径也增大,但持续增加水的用量,SiO2的粒径会出现变小的趋势。溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2最佳的工艺条件为:反应时间为3h,温度为45℃,加水量为17.73mol/L,TEOS浓度为0.195mol/L,氨水浓度为0.821mol/L。     

工艺因素对溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2微球粒径的影响

采用Stober溶胶-凝胶法,在碱性体系中水解正硅酸乙酯(TEOS),制备单分散球形SiO2,研究反应时间、温度、加水量、TEOS浓度、氨水浓度对所制备SiO2粒径大小的影响.结果表明,反应时间对SiO2粒径的影响较小,随着反应时间的延长,颗粒粒径有增大趋势;随着反应温度升高以及加水量、氨水浓度和TEOS浓度增大,SiO2的粒径也增大,但持续增加水的用量,SiO2的粒径会出现变小的趋势.溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2最佳的工艺条件为:反应时间为3h,温度为45℃,加水量为17.73 mol/L,TEOS浓度为0.195 mol/L,氨水浓度为0.821 mol/L.     

微米级碳微球载体的制备

以蔗糖为碳源采用一步水热法制备碳微球,研究了合成温度、时间对碳微球粒径、分散性、产率的影响.利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等表征手段对制备的碳微球的结构、粒径和形貌进行了表征,并进一步研究了其形成机理.结果表明:温度在低于140℃时并未生成碳微球,碳微球的合成温度必须大于160℃,升高反应温度和延长反应时间均有利于碳微球产率的提高,但过高的温度和过长的反应时间会加剧碳微球的团聚现象.     

分散聚合法制备单分散聚苯乙烯微球的研究

通过以乙醇/水为介质,聚丙烯酸为分散剂的分散聚合法,制备了粒径范围在0.66-2.2μm的单分散聚苯乙烯微球.实验得出,分散介质的Hansen溶解度参数范围在26.34-31.97(MPa)(1)/(2);分散剂用量存在临界值为7.7g/L;同时还考察了反应参数,如温度、引发剂浓度、单体浓度等对聚合反应和微球粒径及其分布的影响.     

分散聚合法制备单分散聚苯乙烯微球的研究

通过以乙醇/水为介质,聚丙烯酸为分散剂的分散聚合法,制备了粒径范围在0.66-2.2μm的单分散聚苯乙烯微球.实验得出,分散介质的Hansen溶解度参数范围在26.34-31.97(MPa)(1)/(2);分散剂用量存在临界值为7.7g/L;同时还考察了反应参数,如温度、引发剂浓度、单体浓度等对聚合反应和微球粒径及其分布的影响.     

吡啶硫酮锌的制备研究

对反应结晶法制备吡啶硫酮锌过程进行了实验研究,考察了溶液初始浓度、反应温度、反应时间、pH值、超声处理等因素对产品形貌和粒径的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、激光粒度仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和红外光谱仪(FTIR)对产品进行分析与表征。结果表明:温度对产品形貌和粒径有影响,23℃以下时产品为爪形,23℃以上产品为棱柱状,且温度升高,粒径增大;其他条件对产品形貌和粒径影响不显著。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-