多试验因素耦合下MICP固化砂土的试验研究

为了优选MICP(microbial induced carbonate precipitation)固化砂土过程中的试验因素,采用中心注浆法耦合6个试验因素,以圆形硅质砂为试验材料,根据正交试验的设计原则进行了25种工况的MICP砂柱固化试验.检测了砂柱固化过程中反应前后Ca~(2+)浓度变化和固化后砂柱各部位的CaCO_3晶体含量,并采用SEM观测了砂柱内部CaCO_3晶体的微观形态.通过分析各个试验因素对Ca~(2+)利用率的影响,发现影响Ca~(2+)利用率的主要因素有菌液浓度、胶结液浓度和矿化反应时间,且菌液浓度越高,胶结液浓度越低,反应时间越长,Ca~(2+)利用率越高.菌液静置过程中存在细菌下沉现象,从而影响CaCO_3晶体的生成位置.固化砂柱内部CaCO_3晶体分布的研究结果表明,矿化生成的CaCO_3会随着砂土中的水流迁徙,浆液的流速越大,砂柱内部晶体的平均含量越高,且分布越均匀.SEM的观测结果显示,固化砂柱内部CaCO_3晶体以方解石为主,但胶结液浓度会影响晶体的尺寸大小.当胶结液浓度高于750 mmol/L时,CaCO_3晶体呈现堆叠式发展.当菌液浓度较高并且胶结液静置时间较短时,会出现球霰石的晶体形态.MICP固化砂土的强度随CaCO_3含量的增加而升高,但同时会受到晶体的分布以及大小等因素的影响.MICP固化砂土试验因素的优选结果为:菌液的OD_(600)值0.5～1.0,菌液静置时间3 h,胶结液浓度不高于500 mmol/L,浆液的流速与传输距离相关,胶结液的最优静置时间为使Ca~(2+)完全消耗.     

Ca~(2+)、Na~+处理对水分胁迫下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

本文旨在探讨Ca~(2+)、Na~+处理对水分胁迫下小麦种子发芽势、发芽率及幼苗生长的影响。实验初步表明,用0.10％—0.35％Ca~(2+)、Na~+处理小麦种子18h,在水分胁迫下其发芽率、根冠比、幼苗鲜重都显著高于水处理情形,其中又以0.25％Ca~(2+)、0.20％Na~+处理浓度效果最好。     

金华北山洞穴滴水的水文水化学动态变化及意义

为揭示金华北山洞穴滴水的地球化学变化及环境指示意义,以金华北山溶洞群中的双龙洞和二仙洞为研究对象,选取了5处滴水点,对其电导率,p H值及HCO-3,SO2-4,Cl-,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度从2014年1月—2015年4月进行了连续监测.结果显示:1)洞穴滴水的地球化学性质受到洞穴顶板厚度、水的运移路径和降水等因素的影响,常年性滴水点各离子平均浓度较季节性滴水点大;2)金华北山洞穴滴水地球化学性质与气温和降水密切相关,而p H值,SO2-4浓度与降水呈现一定的负相关关系,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度呈现出雨季低旱季高的特点,在雨季随着降水量的增加而增大;3)雨季降水的稀释作用影响滴水中Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度的变化,旱季降水在岩溶裂隙中滞留时间影响Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度,降水是影响Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度的主要因素;4)ρ(Mg)/ρ(Ca)对降水有一定指示意义,但也受气温的影响,ρ(Mg)/ρ(Ca)能否作为环境变化的替代性指标需要进一步加强研究.     

Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)对喹啉反硝化降解特性的影响

以喹啉为碳源,采用序批式摇瓶考察了Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)对喹啉反硝化降解特性的影响。结果表明:Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)可以明显促进喹啉的反硝化降解,促进作用在低质量浓度时明显,高质量浓度时有所减小,最适宜的Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)的质量浓度为100mg/L;Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)可以显著促进NO-3-N的转化,质量浓度为7～100mg/L时,转化速度较快;不同Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)质量浓度下反应过程pH值变化规律不同,但最终pH值都稳定在7.5左右,是适合微生物生存的范围;适量的Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)质量浓度有促进微生物的生长和絮凝的作用。研究结果对喹啉废水的生物处理具有一定实际指导意义。     

金属离子对微细石英颗粒沉降特性的影响规律

为掌握不同金属离子对微细石英颗粒沉降特性的影响规律,通过沉降试验研究了Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Al~(3+)、Fe~(3+)离子浓度和pH值对石英沉降特性及表面电位的影响。结果表明,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)对石英沉降产率和表面电位影响较小;Al~(3+)、Fe~(3+)存在时,合理的离子浓度和溶液pH值能够提高石英沉降产率;随着Al~(3+)、Fe~(3+)浓度的增加,石英沉降产率不断增加,石英颗粒表面Zeta电位不断向正方向移动且变化比较明显;Al~(3+)在溶液pH值为5时有利于石英沉降,且Zeta电位绝对值最小;Fe~(3+)在溶液pH值为3~10时能够促进石英沉降;增加溶液pH值会使石英颗粒表面Zeta电位向负方向移动,pH值越高,石英颗粒表面Zeta电位向负方向移动趋势越明显。     

Ca^2＋等外界因素对紫鸭跖草和天竺葵体细胞晶体含量的影响

用离体培养法培养紫鸭跖草和天竺葵,发现在一定浓度范围（０．５－２％）内,随着Ｃａ＾２＋浓度的增加,其体细胞中晶体量及含量细胞数增加;当Ｃａ＾２＋超过２％时,晶体量不再增加,甚到减少;晶体量同时受温度、光照、水质、时间、其它金属离子及Ｐ前关因素的影响。     

Ca~(2+)对希瓦氏菌MR-1胞外多糖的影响

希瓦氏菌是一类革兰氏阴性土壤铁还原菌,具有胞外电子传递能力,其胞外聚合物的组成是直接影响其电子传递效应的重要因素之一。胞外多糖(EPS)是胞外聚合物的重要组成成分,该文以Shewanella oneidensis MR-1为对象,采用苯酚-硫酸法结合光谱法、色谱法及质谱法等系统地研究了含不同浓度(0、0.7、1.4、2.1和5.0 mmol/L)Ca Cl2培养基对MR-1胞外多糖的影响。结果表明,不同浓度Ca~(2+)影响下的MR-1多糖的分泌量各不相同,其中Ca~(2+)浓度为2.1 mmol/L时,MR-1分泌多糖质量浓度最高,为0.3 g/m L,是无Ca~(2+)影响的EPS分泌量的5倍;而Ca~(2+)浓度为1.4 mmol/L时,EPS为0.08 g/m L,与无Ca~(2+)影响时EPS分泌量相近;Ca~(2+)对MR-1分泌的EPS结构没有显著性影响,获得的EPS均为由α-D-吡喃甘露糖通过1,3-苷键形成的多糖。研究结果为深入研究希瓦氏菌胞外聚合物提供数据参考。     

基于饱和沉淀Ca（DBS）2及结合 MBFGA1絮凝沉降去除罗丹明b

通过提高溶液中十二烷基苯磺酸钙(Ca(DBS)2)沉淀的析出,结合微生物絮凝剂GA1(MBFGA1)对Ca(DBS)2的絮凝作用,将阳性染料罗丹明b(RB)从溶液中絮凝去除.在整个絮凝过程中,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)增溶RB分子,然后在过量Ca~(2+)的影响下,增溶了RB分子的Ca(DBS)2悬浮物充分析出,最后被MBFGA1絮凝沉淀.为了提高RB的去除效率,采用响应面分析法(RSM)对Ca~(2+)、SDBS及MBFGA1初始浓度进行优化.实验结果表明,最优条件下(SDBS:2.67 mmol/L、Ca~(2+):5.61 mmol/L、MBFGA1:4.34 mL/L),RB和SDBS去除率达到99.80%和90.03%,其出水COD值为89.69 mg/L,低于国家工业废水排放标准,无需进行后续处理.同时,采用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)来探讨RB的絮凝去除机理以及SDBS和Ca~(2+)之间的相互作用.当Ca~(2+)初始浓度相对SDBS初始浓度过量时,增溶RB分子的SDBS胶团(SDBSRB胶团)会与Ca~(2+)反应生成被RB分子附着的Ca(DBS)2颗粒(Ca(DBS)2-RB颗粒),最后Ca(DBS)2颗粒被MBFGA1絮凝沉降;而当SDBS初始浓度相对Ca~(2+)初始浓度过量时,Ca(DBS)2颗粒会逐渐复溶并生成大量的附着Ca~(2+)的SDBS胶团.     

Ca2+离子取代对SrRuO3结构与磁性的影响

通过Ca~(2+)取代A位的Sr~(2+),研究SrRuO_3的结构与磁性的变化.结果表明,随Ca~(2+)取代量的增加,晶格常数减小,正交畸变更加明显,饱和磁化强度和居里温度均随之减小,最终铁磁性的SrRuO_3变化到顺磁性的CaRuO_3.临界指数β拟合结果表明,SrRuO_3的磁性可由平均场模型解释.β值随Ca~(2+)取代量的增加而增加.实验证实了SrRuO_3中既有巡游磁性又有局域磁性,且与相关理论研究结果一致.     

K_Na_Ca_2_PA和BA对黄化黄瓜子叶中Pchlide生物合成的影响

K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、PA和BA对Pchlide的生物合成均有促进作用,其中以K~+和BA的效果最为显著,能使子叶的Pchlide分别比对照增加了25%和28%.混合使用时效果更佳,交叉试验结果表明,以BA+K~++Na~+的组合最好,Pchlide含量增加了84%,Ca~(2+)在4×10~(-4)mol/L浓度时略呈促进作用,当Ca~(2+)和BA混合使用时,可使Pchlide含量增加31%,较高浓度的PA对Pchlide的积累有促进作用.     

碱胁迫对宁夏枸杞叶中Na＋，K＋，Ca2＋动态变化的影响

摘要：为探讨宁夏枸杞叶中离子平衡与盐碱胁迫的关系,研究不同浓度的NaHCO3溶液胁迫下,枸杞叶中Na^＋,K^＋,Ca^2＋的浓度变化,同时采用非损伤微测技术研究了枸杞叶中Na^＋,K^＋,Ca^2＋的流速变化．结果表明,在同一时间内（7,14,21d）,Na^＋的浓度随NaHCO。浓度的升高总体呈升高趋势,K^＋和Ca^2＋的浓度总体呈下降趋势,c（Na^＋）／c（Ca^2＋）随NaHCO3浓度的升高而升高;随着时间的变化,各个处理下枸杞叶中Na^＋的浓度总体呈现先降后升的趋势,K^＋的浓度总体呈现下降趋势,Ca^2＋的浓度总体呈现先升后降的趋势,c（Na^＋）／c（K^＋）总体呈现升高趋势,c（Na^2＋）／c（Ca^2＋）总体呈现先降后升的趋势;NaHCO。溶液胁迫7d时,诱导了枸杞叶肉细胞中净Na^＋,K^＋,Ca^2＋外排的增加．碱胁迫下造成c（Na^＋）／c（K^＋）和f（Na^＋）／c（Ca^2＋）升高的原因为,叶片中K^＋和Ca^2＋外排和Na^＋大量积累,这也是枸杞不耐碱的原因之一．可为种植枸杞改良盐碱地提供参考．     

深海适冷假交替单孢菌Pseudoaltermonas sp.SM9913产适冷蛋白酶的条件优化

对深海适冷假交替单孢菌Pseudoaltermonas sp．SM9913适冷蛋白酶的发酵产酶条件进行了优化．研究结果表明，在发酵培养基中添加一定量柠檬酸钠有利于提高产酶；较难分解利用的氮源，如豆粕、豆粉，能诱导适冷蛋白酶合成，而较易吸收利用的氮源，如豆粕水解液、蛋白胨、尿素、铵盐等，对产酶有抑制作用；添加表面活性剂吐温80和SDS能促进酶向胞外的分泌；钙、镁离子促进产酶，锌、铜、铁离子对产酶有抑制作用；发酵产酶是好氧过程，装液量较少对产酶比较有利；发酵培养基初始pH7．0～8．0利于产酶．在优化后的发酵条件下，Pseudoaltermonas sp．SM9913产适冷蛋白酶量较原来提高了约65％，为适冷蛋白酶向着工业化生产应用提供了基础数据．     

Depletion of intracellular calcium stores activates a calcium current in mast cells.

In many cell types, receptor-mediated Ca2+ release from internal stores is followed by Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. The sustained entry of Ca2+ is thought to result partly from the depletion of intracellular Ca2+ pools. Most investigations have characterized Ca2+ influx indirectly by measuring Ca(2+)-activated currents or using Fura-2 quenching by Mn2+, which in some cells enters the cells by the same influx pathway. But only a few studies have investigated this Ca2+ entry pathway more directly. We have combined patch-clamp and Fura-2 measurements to monitor membrane currents in mast cells under conditions where intracellular Ca2+ stores were emptied by either inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, ionomycin, or excess of the Ca2+ chelator EGTA. The depletion of Ca2+ pools by these independent mechanisms commonly induced activation of a sustained calcium inward current that was highly selective for Ca2+ ions over Ba2+, Sr2+ and Mn2+. This Ca2+ current, which we term ICRAC (calcium release-activated calcium), is not voltage-activated and shows a characteristic inward rectification. It may be the mechanism by which electrically nonexcitable cells maintain raised intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and replenish their empty Ca2+ stores after receptor stimulation.     

Cytosolic Ca2+ gradients triggering unidirectional fluid secretion from exocrine pancreas.

Exocrine gland cells secrete Cl(-)-rich fluid when stimulated by neurotransmitters or hormones. This is generally ascribed to a rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), which leads to activation of Ca2(+)-dependent ion channels. A precise understanding of Cl- secretion from these cells has been hampered by a lack of knowledge about the spatial distribution of the Ca2+ signal and of the Ca2(+)-dependent ion channels in the secreting epithelial cells. We have now used the whole-cell patch-clamp method and digital imaging of [Ca2+]i to examine the response of rat pancreatic acinar cells to acetylcholine. We found a polarization of [Ca2+]i elevation and ion channel activation, and suggest that this comprises a novel 'push-pull' mechanism for unidirectional Cl- secretion. This mechanism would represent a role for cytosolic Ca2+ gradients in cellular function. The cytosolic [Ca2+]i gradients and oscillations of many other cells could have similar roles.     

Use of chlorotetracycline fluorescence to demonstrate Ca2+-induced release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned cardiac cells.

It has been proposed that the trans-sarcolemmal influx of Ca2+ occurring during the plateau of the mammalian cardiac action potentials is insufficient in itself to activate the myofilaments, but can trigger a release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) which is sufficient for activation. The demonstration of this Ca2+-induced release of Ca2+ relied entirely on experiments in which the tension developed by the myofilaments was used as a sensor of the changes of myoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([free Ca2+]) in segments of single cardiac cells from which the sarcolemma had been removed by microdissection (skinned cardiac cells). The small size of these preparations has previously prevented the use of more direct methods for the detection of myoplasmic Ca2+ movements. The present study is a direct demonstration of Ca2+-induced release of Ca2+ from the SR of skinned cardiac cells treated with chlorotetracycline (CTC), a fluorescent chelate probe which enables changes in the amount of Ca2+ bound to a variety of biological membranes or micelles to be monitored. The fluorescence increases when more Ca2+ is bound.     

Rapid changes of mitochondrial Ca2+ revealed by specifically targeted recombinant aequorin.

Introduction of Ca2+ indicators (photoproteins, fluorescent dyes) that can be trapped in the cytosolic compartment of living cells has yielded major advances in our knowledge of Ca2+ homeostasis. Ca2+ however regulates functions not only in the cytosol but also within various organelles where indicators have not yet been specifically targeted. Here we present a novel procedure by which the free Ca2+ concentration of mitochondria, [Ca2+]m, can be monitored continuously at rest and during stimulation. The complementary DNA for the Ca2+ sensitive photoprotein aequorin was fused in frame with that encoding a mitochondrial presequence. The hybrid cDNA was transfected into bovine endothelial cells and stable clones were obtained expressing variable amounts of mitochondrially targeted apoaequorin. The functional photoprotein could be reconstituted in intact cells by incubation with purified coelenterazine and [Ca2+]m could thus be monitored in situ. This allowed the unprecedented direct demonstration that agonist-stimulated elevations of cytosolic free Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, (measured in parallel with Fura-2) evoke rapid and transient increases of [Ca2+]m, which can be prevented by pretreatment with a mitochondrial uncoupler. The possibility of targeting aequorin to cellular organelles not only offers a new and powerful method for studying aspects of Ca2+ homeostasis that up to now could not be directly approached, but might also be used in the future as a tool to report in situ a variety of apparently unrelated phenomena of wide biological interest.     

Glucose-induced Ca2+ signals in rat pancreatic β cells

Using microfluorometry to assay intracellular Ca2+ , the influences of varied factors on glucose induced Ca22+ signals, such as glucose-induced initial decline phase (GIDP), Ca2+ oscillation, and Ca2+ release from internal stores, were investigated in single rat pancreatic β cells. Glucose was able to evoke GIDP even at non-stimulus concentration (5 mol/L), which is insufficient to induce Ca2+ spikes. GIDP was dependent on neither membrane depo larization nor extraeellular Ca2+ . However, GIDP was inhibited by thapsigargin, indicating a dependence on Ca2+ up take by Ca22+ stores. The glucose-induced calcium oscillation was inhibited when external Ca2+ was removed. However, thapsigargin could not block the Ca2+ oscillation. These results suggest that maintenance of Ca22+ oscillation requires ex tracellular Ca2+ but not Ca2+ stores. Glucose was able to evoke Ca2+ signals even in the absence of external Ca2+ . The glucose-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores was blocked by TTX. However, TTX had no effect on high K--induced Ca2+ store release, suggesting that membrane depolarization can directly release Ca2+ from some internal Ca2+ stores in β cells.     

植物细胞NO,Ca~(2+)和蛋白激酶的信号交叉

一氧化氮(NO)是植物体内重要的信号分子,生物和非生物的刺激都能使NO与胞内第2信使Ca2+和蛋白激酶产生相互作用.以动物细胞NO - Ca2+信号途径为基础,列举了植物NO信号途径中Ca2+和多种蛋白激酶的可能作用,论述了植物细胞中NO,Ca2+和蛋白激酶的信号交叉.     

金枝柳组织培养快速繁殖技术

在MS培养基中分别加入不同质量浓度的6-苄基氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)和吲哚丁酸(IBA)进行金枝柳组织培养试验,探讨快速繁殖技术.结果表明:随着培养基中激素含量的增高,形成愈伤组织的量也增多;在MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L IBA培养基中的不定芽增殖数量最多(18.8),无根苗在1/2 MS+IBA...     

Zn2+、Ca2+及其相互作用对大蒜根尖生长和细胞分裂的影响

用不同浓度的Zn2+、Ca2+和Zn2++Ca2+溶液处理大蒜鳞茎发现;Ca2+能抑制Zn2+的毒害,明显提高细胞分裂比率,促进根尖生长,降低异常细胞比率.基本趋势为根的长度和细胞分裂比率为Ca2+>Zn2++Ca2+>Zn2+,异常细胞比率为Ca2+>Zn2+>Ca2++Zn2+.