关于中国岩荠属、阴山荠属、泡果荠属和棒毛荠属的分类校订

本文认为单叶全,还是叶羽状分裂或羽状复叶是岩荠属、阴山荠属、泡果荠属和棒毛荠属等4个相近属分属的最主要的分类性状.按此分属标准,本文把泡果荠属和棒毛荠属并入了阴山荠属,重新进行了分类,且组合了各属和种等分类群,同时,确认了岩荠属在中国仅有1种,阴山荠属有14种.本文认为岩荠属为泛北极分布属,阴山荠属为东亚分布属,后者亦为中国特有属.     

中国白粉菌属的聚类分析

为了从现有的白粉菌属分类特征体系出发,客观地研究和评价中国白粉菌属(Erysiphe)的种级分类,根据28个形态学编码性状对66个物种样本进行了类平均法系统聚类分析(UPGMA).结果表明:寄主是白粉菌属种级分类的重要指标之一;白粉菌属下暂不宜分组;不支持将鼬瓣花白粉菌(Erysiphe galeopsidis)分出本属并以之作为模式种建立新白粉菌属(Neoerysiphe)、以及将金丝桃白粉菌(E. hyperici)和车轴草白粉菌(E. trifolii)转入叉丝壳属(Microsphaera)的分类观点.     

灵芝属分子系统学研究进展

灵芝属传统分类方法都以灵芝的外部形态及担孢子的特征为主,根据形态解剖学差异而建立的,至今仍在分类研究中占据着主导地位.但是形态学特征是细胞的基因型与外界环境因素综合作用的结果,环境因素的差异常导致分类结果与系统进化的不一致性,因此寻找不受环境条件影响的客观分类指标,开发利用新的、稳定的分子标记已经成为传统分类研究的重要的补充内容.目前,人们正在从蛋白质和核酸水平来研究灵芝的分子系统学,尤其是在核酸水平已经取得了显著的效果.通过对核糖体RNA基因核苷酸序列分析研究结果表明,它不仅具有辨别科或属的专一功能,而且有助于种间的区别.另外,Mn-SOD基因核苷酸序列可同时作为不同分类层次的分类指标,即灵芝属与非灵芝属间、灵芝属内异种间与灵芝属同种但不同品系分类的指标.本文从灵芝属传统学分类的现状及其存在的问题、灵芝属现代生物技术分类方法及其灵芝属分子系统学研究的重要性及前景3个方面做了概述.     

小单孢菌属分类的研究

从土壤中分离筛选到44株小单孢菌,经全面分类鉴定,分为四个类群26个种。作者提出了有关这个属的类群和种的鉴定依据,并结合分类鉴定的结果,对这个属的主要生理生化特性、拮抗性以及生态分布等问题,提出了一些看法,为进一步研究小单孢菌属的分类和探索小单孢菌属抗生素产生菌的菌源提供一些有用资料。     

数值分类在藓类植物中的应用

根据数值分类学的基本原理,设计了一个实现藓类植物数值分类的算法,通过该算法对33种藓类植物孢子和孢蒴的主要性状进行了计算机数量化分析,根据距离系数验证了它们之间的相似性和区别,并与形态和细胞分类作了比较,从数值分类角度可以说明大帽藓属（Encalypta）、真藓属（Bryum）和金发藓属（Polytrichum）是属级的自然分类群,小金发藓属（Pogonatum）与金发藓属（Polytrichum）是科一级的自然分类群,有2个物种与所在属的其它物种距离系数相差相关稍大,原因有待进一步探讨。     

贵州灵芝科Ganodermataceae菌物的地理分布

结合贵州灵芝菌物分类研究工作，采集了灵芝菌物标本200余号。经分类研究，灵芝菌物在贵州分布有45种，隶属3个属（灵芝属、假芝属和网孢芝属）其中有15种为贵州省新记录种。     

中国柳叶藓科Amblystegiaceae的数值分类

作者在对国内外 2 1个主要苔藓植物标本馆的有关中国柳叶藓科Amblystegiaceae的 3,0 0 0余份标本 ,包括 4 9份模式标本 ,全面系统的形态解剖学和分类学研究的基础上 ,采用等级聚类分析方法 ,对其属种间的系统关系进行数值分类分析。数值分类分析结果支持了近年来对柳叶藓科植物修订的某些属的概念 :传统上定义很广的细湿藓属和水灰藓属不是一个很自然的分类类群 ,柳叶藓属、湿柳藓属和薄网藓属可以同归于柳叶藓属 ,适合将毛叶镰刀藓归并入范氏藓属中     

猕猴属种间及亚种间RAPD分析

应用ＲＡＰＤ技术分析了猕猴属（Ｍａｃａｃａ）种间和亚种间６个分类群之间的遗传多态性,共筛选出１６个随机引物每个分类群平均获得７７个遗传标记,根据遗传距离构建了系统发育进化树,结果显示从ＲＡＰＤ数据分析得到的６个分类群的相互关系与形态、同功酶、ｍｔＤＮＡ的研究结果基本一致．表明ＲＡＰＤ技术适用于猕猴属中近缘种间和亚种间的分类分析．     

中国蝗虫的分类学研究

综述了我国蝗虫分类学的历史和发展过程 .在传统分类方面 ,记述了解放前后的发展 .到目前为止 ,全国共计有蝗总科 8科 2 5 3属 10 5 3种 ,蚱总科 7科 5 2属3 10种 .在昆虫综合分类方面 ,记述了数值分类和支序分类、内部构造和超微结构、生理分类、细胞分类、发声器和鸣声研究、分子系统学等 6个方面的研究进展 .     

疫霉属真菌的分类研究（综述）

疫霉属（ＰｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａｄｅＢａｒｙ）是１８７６年由ＡｎｔｏｎｄｅＢａｒｙ创建的。目前,世界公认的疫霉属有６７个种和变种（其中包括１０个海生种）,我国报道的大约有２６个种,其中仅报道于台湾的有９个种。人们对疫霉菌的认识及其分类地位的确定经历了一个十分复杂的过程,该菌的研究对植物病理学的发展起了十分重要的推动作用。本文从疫霉属的建立、其分类地位的确立过程,疫霉菌种的分类标准及其分种特征评价等方面,对疫霉菌的分类研究进行了综述。     

Molecular phylogeny of European and African Barbus and their West Asian relatives in the Cyprininae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) and orogenesis of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

The phylogenetic relationships of European and African Barbus and their West Asian relatives in Cyprininae remain largely unresolved. Consequently, little is known about the drivers of their evolution, including the possible association of uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) with the early divergence of the subfamily. We use complete sequence data of the mitochondrial DNA gene encoding the protein cytochrome b (Cytb) to hypothesize the phylogeny of 85 species belonging to 47 genera in the Cyprininae plus 6 species from the Leuciscinae. We employ 6 other species from Cypriniformes as outgroup taxa and estimate divergence times. Our results indicate that European Barbus sensu stricto lineage including Aulopyge shares a common ancestor with specialized and highly specialized schizothoracins and the genera Cyprinion and Scaphiodonichtys. The common ancestor appears to have originated in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) region about 19.4–17.8 Ma. Barbus sensu stricto lineage appears to have originated about 16.6–15.5 Ma. Small to medium sized African Barbus sensu lato appear to have had an Oriental origin about 19.1–15.3 Ma and are closely related to Asian Puntius. West Asian Carasobarbus lineage including large African Barbus sensu lato might have originated about 9.94 Ma, also in Oriental Realm and has a close relationship to Asian Neolissochilus and Tor. The large-sized Barbus sensu lato appear to have diverged from Carasobarbus about 7.7 Ma. Finally, the Cyprininae appear to have radiated rapidly into nine lineages and many sublineages from about 27.8 to 17.8 Ma, close to the time of the second-stage tectonic movements of the QTP. Our analyses provide evidence that the uplifting of the QTP drove early diversification of the Cyprininae. Our extensive sampling of species involving all of the important areas results in clear evolutionary scenario for the Cyprininae.     

Mitochondrial d-loop sequence variation and phylogeny of gobiobotine fishes

The mitochondrial DNA control region is amplified and sequenced from 8 genera and 10 species of gobiobotine fishes. The phylogenetic tree of Gobiobotinae and some representative species of other Cyprinid subfamilies obtained by the method of neighborhood joining, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony with Danio rerio as an outgroup indicates that Gobiobotinae fishes are a monophyletic group which is close to Gobioninae subfamily. Gobiobotinae should be included into subfamily Gobioninae in terms of phylogenetic analysis. The research result supports that Gobiobotinae can be divided into genus Xenophysogobio and Gobiobotia. Xenophysogobio is the most primitive genera in the subfamily.     

Sequences of cytochrome b gene for primitive cyprinid fishes in East Asia and their phylogenetic concerning

1140 bp of cytochrome b gene were amplified and sequenced from 14 species of primitive cyprinid fishes in East Asia. Aligned with other ten cytochrome b gene sequences of cyprinid fish from Europe and North America retrieved from Gene bank, we obtained a matrix of 24 DNA sequences. A cladogram was generated by the method of Maximum likelihood for the primitive cyprinid fishes. The result indicated that subfamily Leuciscinae and Danioninae do not form a monophyletic group. In the subfamily Danioninae, Opsariichthys biden and Zacco platypus are very primitive and form a natural group and located at the root. But the genera in subfamily Danioninae are included in different groups and have not direct relationship. Among them, Aphyocypris chinensis and Yaoshanicus arcus form a monophyletic group. Tanichthys albonubes and Gobiocypris rarus have a close relation to Gobioninae. The genus Danio is far from other genera in Danioninae. In our cladogram, the genera in Leuciscinae were divided into two groups that have no direct relationship. The genera in Leuciscinae distributed in Europe, Sibera and North America, including Leuciscus, Rutilus, Phoxinus, N. crysole, Opsopoeodus emilae, form a monophyletic group. And the Leuciscinae in southern China including Ctenopharyngodon idettus, Mylopharyngodon piceus, Squalibarbus and Ochetobius elongatus have a common origination.     

滦河水系的鱼类种群与分布

滦河水系共发现有28种鱼,以鲤科种类占优势。细鳞鲑为本河系的稀有鲑科种,仅发现于北纬41°34′以北的小滦河。     

Molecular phylogeny of the specialized schizothoracine fishes （Teleostei： Cyprinidae）,with their implications for the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Molecular phylogeny of three genera containing nine species and subspecies of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are investigated based on the complete nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Meantime relationships between the main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes and the stepwise uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are also conducted using the molecular clock, which is calibrated by geological isolated events between the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Qinghai Lake. Results indicated that the specialized schizothoracine fishes are not a monophyly. Five species and subspecies of Ptychobarbus form a monophyly. But three species of Gymnodiptychus do not form a monophyly. Gd.integrigymnatus is a sister taxon of the highly specialized schizothoracine fishes while Gdo pachycheilus has a close relation with Gd. dybowskii, and both of them are as a sister group of Diptychus maculatus. The specialized schizothoracines fishes might have originated during the Miocene(about 10 MaBP), and then the divergence of three genera happened during late Miocene (about 8 MaBP). Their main specialization occurred during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene (3.54-0.42 MaBP). The main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are mostly correlated with the geological tectonic events and intensive climate shift happened at 8, 3.6, 2.5 and 1.7 MaBP of the late Cenozoic.Molecular clock data do not support the hypothesis that the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplifted to near present or even higher elevations during the Oligocene or Miocene, and neither in agreement with the view that the plateau uplifting reached only to an altitude of 2000 m during the late Pliocene(about 2.6 MaBP).     

浙江南部外海渔场鱼类区系特征研究

根据2006年5月~2007年2月在浙江南部外海渔场使用单拖网开展渔业资源调查所获的鱼类样品,初步研究分析了该海域鱼类种类组成和区系特征。结果表明:浙江南部外海渔场调查海域共有鱼类205种,其中硬骨鱼类为195种,软骨鱼类为10种,隶属于20目,85科,145属。大多数为暖水性种类,共有135种,占鱼类总种数的65.9%;暖温性种类次之,共有67种,占鱼类总种数的32.7%;冷温性种类较少,仅3种,占鱼类总种数的1.5%。鱼类区系属印度-西太平洋区的中-日亚区,其区系关系与我国南海的关系最为密切,其次是是日本,而与黄海、渤海关系较疏远。在调查所得的鱼类中,以底层鱼类所占比重最大,为65.9%,近底层鱼类次之,占15.6%,岩礁性鱼类、中上层鱼类分别占9.8%、8.8%。经济价值较高、捕捞产量较好的重要种类主要是刺鲳、竹筴鱼、短鳍红娘鱼、带鱼、黄鳍马面鲀等。     

Identification of the Angel-related elements in cyprinid fishes and their phylogenetic implications

Angel-related element belongs to the family of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs). In this paper we report the identification of an Angel-related element in the series Leuciscini of cyprinid fishes, which is located in the second intron of the growth hormone (GH) gene. We have also found that this element is absent in orthologous locus in the series Barbini of cyprinid fishes, that provides new evidence for the monophyly of the series Leuciscini. The insertion of Angel-related element into the GH gene might take place in the common ancestor of the series Leuciscini after its divergence from the series Barbini. The high sequence divergence and relatively broad species distribution of Angel-related elements implies that they might be ancient transposons which appeared about 26 million years ago.     

鱼类分类多样性估算方法在长江河口区的应用

2004～2006年采用各种网具对长江河口区进行鱼类调查，查阅了当前所有在该水域进行的鱼类调查资料，系统整理了长江河口区鱼类总名录，并计算了其分类多样性.结果表明，长江河口区鱼类共有305种，隶属2纲28目101科215属.其中，软骨鱼纲共5目12科14属22种；硬骨鱼纲共23目89科201属283种.依据总名录计算出其平均分类差异指数Δ⁺（79.9）和分类差异变异指数Λ⁺的理论平均值及95%置信漏斗曲线，Δ⁺值比黄海、渤海和东海鱼类均稍高.     

北部湾北部我国沿岸海区鱼类区系的初步调查

北部湾北部沿岸的鱼类共有326种,按贝尔格分类系统,隶属于17目88科190属。软骨鱼类19种,占总数的5.8%,硬骨鱼类307种,占94.2%,其中鲈形目鱼类占优势,有200种。根据区系的温度特征,本海区鱼类可分为二大类群:暖水性鱼类273种,占83.7%;暖温性鱼类53种,占16.3%;没有冷水性和冷温性鱼类。生态类型以近底层和底层鱼类为主,中上层鱼类和珊瑚礁鱼类较少。本海区鱼类均为南海沿岸种,属南海鱼类区系的一个组成部分。     

北京麋鹿苑脊椎动物调查报告

麋鹿苑脊椎动物173种,隶属63科,29目.其中鱼类5目,9科,20种;两栖、爬行类3目,5科,8种;鸟类15目,4l科,133种;兽类6目,8科,12种.麋鹿苑脊椎动物的分布类型中,古北型41种,东洋型22种,东北型(东北地区及附近地区)22种,全北型15种,季风型9种,东北-华北型7种,华北型(主要分布于华北区)2种,东北型(东部为主)1种,中亚型(中亚温带干旱区)1种,喜马拉雅-横断山区型1种,南中国型2种,不易归类的,其中不少分布较广泛的29种.麋鹿苑鱼类以江河平原鱼类为主,其次还有东洋区印度平原鱼类,缺少北温带北部的北方平原鱼类.麋鹿苑脊椎动物的适应类型中,依赖湿地的41种,部分依赖湿地的有8种,不依赖湿地的有103种.麋鹿苑及其附近地区分布有国家Ⅰ级保护动物1种,国家Ⅱ级保护的16种,北京市一级保护的14种,北京市二级保护的51种.