一种基于离散蛙跳算法的旅行商问题求解方法

针对旅行商问题,提出了一种新的离散化蛙跳求解算法.新算法借助蛙跳算法优化机理,采用基于城市序列的编码方式和新的个体产生方法扩展了传统蛙跳算法的求解模型,并结合简化邻域搜索算法给出了改进策略.仿真实验表明了所提算法及策略的有效性.     

用于求解旅行商问题的多策略离散型和声搜索算法

基于求解旅行商问题(TSP),提出了一种多策略离散型和声搜索算法.文中通过引入-opt算法设计了一种离散型即兴创作过程,并结合3种策略来提高全局寻优能力:采取教学优化策略给出了产生和声的新方式,以改善和声记忆库的质量;采用精英扰动策略探索最优和声的邻域进行精细搜索,以提高算法的收敛精度;通过排序选择更新策略保持和声记忆库的多样性,避免算法早熟收敛.实验结果分析表明,该算法能够有效求解TSP,具有可靠的全局收敛性和较快的收敛速度.     

求解VRPBTW的变邻域搜索算法

以电子商务环境下物流配送为背景,建立了带有时间窗和回程载货约束的车辆路径问题优化模型,设计了改进的变邻域搜索求解算法.该算法采用改进的Braysy顺序插入法生成问题初始解,再根据变邻域搜索算法机制应用4种不同搜索范围的局域搜索算子对初始解进行改进.通过对多个算例的求解实验,并与采用一般流程的变邻域搜索算法进行比较,结果表明所提出的变邻域搜索算法的求解效果明显优于采用一般流程的变邻域搜索算法,是求解该类问题的有效算法.     

型材优化下料问题的变换算法

根据旅行商问题（TSP）的邻域搜索算法的思想，提出了型材下料问题的一种优化算法．该算法避免了求解大量下料方式及求解大规模整数规划的复杂问题．最后给出了一个实际例子，表明该方法是可行的．     

求解TSP的离散人工蜂群算法

针对旅行商问题,提出了一种新型的离散人工蜂群算法.根据该优化问题及离散量的特点,对引领蜂、跟随蜂和侦查蜂角色转变机制和搜索策略进行了重新定义.蜂群角色转变基于定义的收益比因子.引领蜂邻域搜索采用2-Opt算子和学习操作来加速算法收敛速度;跟随蜂搜索引入禁忌表来提高算法的局部求精能力;侦查蜂搜索定义了排斥操作来保持种群的多样性,从而较好地平衡了算法的探索及开采能力.实验结果表明,算法能够在较短时间内找到相对满意解,提高了TSP的求解效率.     

Job-shop调度问题的离散布谷鸟搜索算法求解

在布谷鸟搜索算法的基础上,提出了一种基于升序排列的离散布谷鸟搜索算法(DCS),使用该算法求解Job-shop的经典LA问题.仿真数据显示,该算法在收敛速度、精度和稳定性方面都明显优于粒子群优化算法和萤火虫优化算法,显示出DCS算法的可行性和有效性.     

求解TSP问题的动态邻域粒子群优化算法

旅行商(TSP)问题是一个典型的NP问题.为了克服基本粒子群优化(PSO)算法在求解离散问题所具有的计算时间长和容易陷入停滞状态等问题,本文基于“簇”思想,对粒子间距离进行重新定义并给出了相应的动态邻域PSO算法.实验结果表明了新型算法在求解TSP问题中的有效性,同时提高了算法的性能,并具有更快的收敛速度.     

用启发式贪心法求解旅行商问题

旅行商问题是ＮＰ完全的组合优化问题，分析了邻域启发式算法的基本操作，提出了一种简单的启发式贪心法，仅利用城市间的距离信息求解旅行商问题，理论分析与实验结果表明该方法是确定性的多项式时间算法，对５个不同规模的典型的旅行商问题进行优化，均达到或优于文献中的结果。     

模糊需求车辆路径优化及实时调整

针对模糊需求车辆路径问题,在需求未明的预优化阶段,基于可信性测度理论建立预优化模型,设计混合分散搜索和变邻域搜索的变邻域分散搜索算法求解;在获知实际需求的实时调整阶段,提出一种新的实时调整策略,采用随机模拟算法模拟可能场景的实际需求.算例仿真结果表明,变邻域分散搜索算法是求解该类问题的较好算法,新策略能实现较优的实时调整.     

一个改进的变邻域搜索方法求解k-card问题

本文将变邻域搜索算法应用到k-card问题求解中,重新定义了一种邻域结构,改进了算法,使得邻域内可行解的搜索速度得以加快,并提高了近似解的质量。对几个实际问题进行了数值实验,并与现有邻域结构的变邻域搜索算法进行了对比,实验结果证明了改进变邻域搜索算法对k-card问题的有效性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-