圈与路联图点可区别Ⅰ-全染色和点可区别Ⅵ-全染色

一个图G的Ⅰ-全染色是指若干种颜色对图G的全体顶点及边的一个分配使得任意两个相邻点及任意两条相邻边被分配到不同颜色.图G的Ⅵ-全染色是指若干种颜色对图G的全体顶点及边的一个分配使得任意两条相邻边被分配到不同颜色.对图G的一个Ⅰ(Ⅵ)-全染色及图G的任意一个顶点x,用C(x)表示顶点x的颜色及x的关联边的颜色构成的集合(非多重集).如果f是图G的使用k种颜色的一个Ⅰ(Ⅵ)-全染色,并且u,v∈V(G),u≠v,有C(u)≠C(v),则称f为图G的k-点可区别Ⅰ(Ⅵ)-全染色,或k-VDITC(VDVITC).图G的点可区别Ⅰ(Ⅵ)-全染色所需最少颜色数目,称为图G的点可区别Ⅰ(Ⅵ)-全色数.利用组合分析法及构造具体染色的方法,讨论了圈与路的联图C_m∨P_n的点可区别Ⅰ(Ⅵ)-全染色问题,确定了这类图的点可区别Ⅰ(Ⅵ)-全色数,同时说明了VDITC猜想和VDVITC猜想对于这类图是成立的.     

Halin图的邻和可区别全染色

令[k]={1,2,…,k},Φ为图G的一个正常[k]-全染色。用f(v)表示点v及所有与其关联的边的颜色的加和,如果对任意边uv∈E(G),有f(u)≠f(v),则称该染色为图G的[k]-邻和可区别全染色。k的最小值称为图G的邻和可区别全色数,记为χ″Σ(G)。Pils'niak和Woz'niak提出猜想:对任意简单图G,有χ″Σ(G)≤Δ(G)+3,其中Δ(G)表示图G的最大度。运用组合零点定理证明了该猜想对于任一Halin图成立。     

Schrijver图S_G(2k+2,k)的全色数

图G的一个k-全染色是用k种颜色对图G的顶点和边进行染色,使得任意相邻的边、相邻的顶点和相关联的顶点和边都染不同的颜色.图G的全色数是图G的k-全染色中最小的k值,记为χ″(G).Behzad和Vizing分别独立地提出了著名的全染色猜想TCC:Δ+1≤χ″(G)≤Δ+2,Δ表示图G的最大度.研究了Schrijver图SG(2k+2,k)的全色数问题,得到了χ″(SG(2k+2,k))=Δ+1=k+3,其中k≥2.     

不含3圈和4圈的1-平面图是5-可染的

若图G能画到平面上,且允许每条边至多出现一个交叉点,则图G是1-平面图。图G的一个正常点染色是指存在一个顶点集到颜色集的映射φ:V(G)→{1,2,…,k},对于G中的任意两个相邻的点u和v,φ(u)≠φ(v)。图G的一个k染色是指图G能够正常点染色所需的色数至少为k,图G有一个k染色又称图G是k-可染的。通过权转移的方法证明了不含3圈和4圈的1-平面图是5-可染的。     

特殊平面图的全染色

给定一个图G,G的全k染色是指至多用k种颜色,对G的顶点和边同时进行染色,使得相邻的或相关联的两个元素(点和边)不染同一种颜色.图G的全染色数xT(G)是指使G全k染色的最小整数k.Δ(G)是G的最大度,本文对不含从4到k的圈,且3-圈不重点的平面图得出的结论有:如果(Δ,k)分别是(6,4),(5,5),(4,11),则G的全染色数是Δ 1.     

平面图的无圈边染色

一个图G的无圈边染色是一个正常的边染色,使得不产生双色圈.Fiamˇcik和Alon等分别提出了著名的无圈边色数猜想:每一个简单图G是无圈边(Δ+2)可染的,其中Δ是G的最大度.证明了对于不含3圈和5圈相邻的平面图猜想成立.     

近完全图的点可区别Ⅰ-全染色及Ⅵ-全染色

图G的一个一般全染色是指使用若干颜色对图G的全部顶点及边的一个分配,如果任意两个相邻点和两条相邻边染以不同颜色,则称为图G的Ⅰ-全染色;如果任意两条相邻边染以不同的颜色,则称为图G的Ⅵ-全染色。图G的一个Ⅰ-全染色(或Ⅵ-全染色)f,若对?u,v∈V(G),u≠v,都有C(u)≠C(v),其中C(x)表示在f下点x的颜色以及与x关联的边的色所构成的集合,则f称为图G的点可区别的Ⅰ-全染色(或点可区别Ⅵ-全染色),简称为VDIT染色(或VDVIT染色)。令χ■(G)=min{k|G存在k-VDIT染色},称χ■(G)为图G的点可区别Ⅰ-全色数。令χ■(G)=min{k|G存在k-VDVIT染色},称χ■(G)为图G的点可区别Ⅵ-全色数。利用分析法和反证法,讨论并给出了近完全图的点可区别Ⅰ-全色数和Ⅵ-全色数。     

平面图的全染色

给定一个图G,G的全k染色是指至多用k种颜色,对G的顶点和边同时进行染色,使得相邻的两个元素染不同颜色。对△(G)8,且每点至多关联2个3-圈的平面图,有τ(G)=△(G)+1。     

mC3∨nC3和mC4∨nC4点可区别Ⅰ-全染色及Ⅵ-全染色

设f为简单图G的一个一般全染色(即若干种颜色对图G的全部顶点及边的一个分配),如果任意两个相邻点染以不同颜色且任意两条相邻边染以不同的颜色,则称为图G的Ⅰ-全染色;如果任意两条相邻边染以不同的颜色,则称为图G的Ⅵ-全染色.用C(x)表示在f下点x的颜色以及与x关联的边的色所构成的集合(非多重集).对图G的一个Ⅰ-全染色(分别地,Ⅵ-全染色)f,一旦?u,v∈V(G),u≠v,就有C(u)≠C(v),则f称为图G的点可区别Ⅰ-全染色(或点可区别Ⅵ-全染色),简称为VDIT染色(分别地,VDVIT染色).令χ~Ⅰ_(vt)(G)=min{k|G存在k-VDIT染色},称χ~Ⅰ_(vt)(G)为图G的点可区别Ⅰ-全色数.令χ~Ⅵ_(vt)(G)=min{k|G存在k-VDVIT染色},称χ~Ⅵ_(vt)(G)为图G的点可区别Ⅵ-全色数.利用构造具体染色的方法,讨论了联图mC_3∨nC_3和mC_4∨nC_4的点可区别Ⅰ-全染色和点可区别Ⅵ-全染色,并给出了联图mC_3∨nC_3和mC_4∨nC_4的点可区别Ⅰ-全色数和点可区别Ⅵ-全色数.     

无限路的四类积图的邻和可区别全染色

图G的一个[k]-邻和可区别全染色是图G的一个[k]-全染色,其中f(v)表示点v以及所有和v相关联的边的颜色之和,满足对G的每一条边uv,都有f(u)≠f(v)成立.文章研究了无限路的四类积图的邻和可区别全染色,如无限路的笛卡尔积、直积、半强积与强积等,并得到了它们的邻和可区别全色数.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the