大型复杂结构体系可靠度分析的QR法

介绍了笔者提出的大型复杂结构体系可靠度分析的QR法,它是以结构塑性极限分析理论及样条离散化结合起来创立的,其中包含塑性极限荷载-QR法、最易失效机构-QR法及主要失效机构-QR法.主要失效机构-QR法只寻找结构体系的主要失效模式,避开了寻找结构体系全部失效模式,主要失效模式远少于结构体系实际存在的全部失效模式.最易失效模式-QR法只寻找一个最易失效模式,避开了寻找结构的多个主要失效模式.塑性极限荷载-QR法,只寻找塑性极限荷载,避开了寻找结构体系失效模式.这些方法都可以考虑非线性的影响.计算结果表明,利用这种方法分析复杂框架结构体系可靠,计算简便,满足精度要求.     

平面圆管结构极限上限分析的弹性模量缩减法

为采用梁单元高效准确求解平面圆管结构极限承载力,提出了相应的极限上限分析的弹性模量缩减法。首先利用齐次广义屈服函数定义结构的单元承载比,然后结合弹性模量缩减过程获得逼近结构塑性极限状态的失效模式,同时,基于平截面假设推导了平面圆管截面的弹性应变能与塑性耗散功的计算公式,进而在结构失效模式上构造出平面圆管结构极限上限荷载的迭代计算方法。算例分析表明,平面圆管结构极限上限分析的弹性模量缩减法具有良好的计算精度和效率,其与EPIA误差在7%以内,迭代次数较EPIA减少一半以上,解决了由于梁单元截面各处的等效应变和应力不相同而导致的上限荷载乘子不能直接运用的问题。研究结果可为平面圆管结构的极限分析和安全评估提供参考。     

高强钢纤维混凝土薄板的塑性极限分析

应用塑性力学的塑性极限分析理论对高强钢纤维混凝土圆板进行了研究，得出了计算极限荷载的公式。理论计算所得到的值与实验所得到的值吻合得很好，为这类结构的设计及进一步改性提供了理论基础。     

框架机构的自动生成及体系可靠度

本文针对框架结构体系．基于结构矩阵分析来自动生成机构的极限状态方程，提出了寻找主要机构的失效树路径即“机构产生阶段分枝法”．通过对一个两跨十层框架结构主要失效模式的寻找及体系可靠度的计算说明了方法的可行性与实用性。     

落地式钢拱桁架体系弹塑性地震响应研究

采用集中塑性铰理论和SAP2000结构分析软件,对某拟建大跨钢拱桁架结构整体进行在地震波作用下的弹塑性地震响应分析。分析中考虑了几何和材料双重非线性影响,获得了节点位移响应、杆件塑性铰的分布特征、结构的整体变形、失效形态及结构延性系数,评定了该结构的极限承载力、失效类型和变形能力。结果表明,该结构在地震波下的失效界限地震加速度峰值为1 000gal,失效时最大竖向变形为短向跨度的1/200,可满足"避难与救灾建筑结构"的抗震性能设防的要求;结构的失效类型为延性强度破坏,临界失效时出现塑性铰的杆件分布较均匀;结构各方向延性系数均大于4,具有较好的变形能力;由整体稳定控制承载力的落地式钢拱桁架结构体系具有较大的抗震潜能,跨度60m的空间拱桁架结构体系,用钢量46.1kg/m2就可达到8度设防区灾难地震设防810gal的要求。     

纤维复合材料加固初应力下的钢筋混凝土拱分析

摘要： 基于3个钢筋混凝土拱式结构的粘贴纤维复合材料（FRP）加固试验,将混凝土塑性损伤模型、粘结行为、植入技术和模型变更等技术引入到非线性数值分析中,实现了混凝土损伤、FRP 混凝土界面粘贴滑移以及初始荷载等多个关键力学特性的模拟.通过加固试验及数值模拟成果的对比得出,采用截面加固方式的极限承载提高了14.47%,采用体系加固方式其极限承载提高了27.60%,即对于超静定结构,应从体系加固角度着手;开裂荷载的分析误差在7.79%以内,极限荷载的分析误差相对较小,最大仅为4.88%.结果表明,本文数值分析方法可行,能够为今后FRP加固混凝土拱式结构的研究提供依据.     

论结构的极限荷载与塑性设计

本文论述了结构具有的安全性，适用性，耐久性的功能，分析了结构的极限状态、结构的极限荷载设计方法和塑性设计的基本原理。     

奇异函数法在塑性极限分析中的应用

本文将奇异函数法应用于结构的塑性极限分析,简化计算某些固支环形板的极限荷载。     

具有隔震支座钢管拱桁架结构体系抗震性能研究

以60m跨三心圆立体钢管拱桁架结构体系为研究对象,建立普通固定铰支座和隔震支座两种模型,运用SAP2000软件与塑性铰理论对其进行在地震波作用下的动力弹塑性性能分析。分析中考虑了几何和材料双重非线性影响,获得了结构节点位移响应、杆件塑性铰的分布、结构的整体变形、失效形态及结构延性系数,评定了该结构的极限承载力、失效类型和变形能力。结果表明:在用钢量相同的情况下,使用铅芯橡胶隔震支座的隔震模型的失效界限加速度峰值比原结构高出59.4%;普通固定铰支座结构和隔震橡胶支座结构的失效破坏类型均为弹塑性动力失稳破坏,地震波作用下两种模型在失效界限时出现塑性铰的杆件数量均较少,但分布较均匀;两种结构模型在受力的两个主要方向均具有一定的延性性能,但其失效前绝对变形较小,破坏前预兆性不显著。     

基于弹性模量缩减法研究结构体系可靠度

针对现有体系可靠度理论的两大难点,基于塑性极限分析理论研究建立了体系可靠度分析的弹性模量缩减法:首先以单元的可靠指标为控制参数,定义结构的可靠指标均匀度和基准可靠指标,并建立新型的弹性模量调整策略;进而通过系统地缩减各单元的弹性模量,以模拟结构的可靠指标重分布和失效状态转移,通过一系列弹性有限元迭代分析确定结构体系的失效概率.该方法从根本上回避了现有体系可靠度理论的两大难点,避免了繁琐的失效模式分析和多模式联合失效概率的相关性分析.算例分析表明,该方法不仅适用于静定结构,而且适用于超静定结构,计算格式简单,计算精度较高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the