锌焙砂浸出锌、铁试验研究

为了合理开发利用锌冶金中副产铁酸锌,开发低成本短流程的节能降耗型铁酸锌制备新工艺,以广西某地冶炼厂锌焙砂为原料,采用硫酸浸出工艺,通过单因素实验,研究了硫酸初始浓度、液固比、搅拌速度、浸出温度及浸出时间等因素对锌、铁浸出效果的影响规律。结果表明,硫酸初始浓度、液固比、浸出温度和浸出时间对锌、铁的浸出影响较大;制备铁酸锌的最佳条件:硫酸初始浓度100 g/L、液固比6∶1、搅拌速度400 r/min、浸出温度75℃和浸出时间120 min。     

用废旧电路板酸浸-电沉积法回收金属铜

为了既保障环保又达到最佳铜回收效果的目的,以废旧电路板经过初步破碎分离,得到铜金属富集产品为研究对象,采用硫酸-双氧水浸出结合电沉积工艺回收物料中的铜。考察了铜浸出率与硫酸质量浓度、双氧水用量、浸出时间、液固比之间的关系,进行最佳金属浸出条件实验。结果表明：硫酸物质的量浓度为3.5 mol/L、浸出时间3 h、双氧水用量为20 mL、液固比10∶1条件下,铜金属浸出率最高可达到97.58%。电沉积尾液循环用以浸出铜,铜离子循环质量浓度不低于18 g/L,平均电流效率高于97.60%。在沉积温度40℃,阴极材料为T2紫铜,电流密度小于800 A/m2时,电流效率可以保持在97%以上。实验中铜回收率达到了97.58%。     

硅锌矿在(NH4)2SO4-NH3-H2O体系中高液固比下的浸出动力学

通过实验研究硅锌矿在(NH4)2SO4-NH3-H2O体系中高液固比下的浸出动力学.采用粒径为96～109 μm的纯硅锌矿样品,在液固质量比为200时,考察搅拌速度、反应温度及总氨浓度对锌浸出率的影响.研究结果表明:提高温度和总氨浓度能显著提高浸出速率,而当搅拌速度大于250 r/min时,其对浸出速率的影响较小;浸出过程遵循孔隙扩散控制粒子模型,扩散与化学反应并非仅发生于颗粒外表面,而是发生在整个外表面及孔隙内部,浸出速度受孔隙扩散控制;浸出过程的表观活化能与反应级数分别为71.35 kJ/mol和4.27.     

酸浸对钙化焙烧提钒工艺钒浸出率的影响

采用稀硫酸浸出法提取钙化焙烧后钒渣中的钒,考察了浸出参数:物料粒度、体系pH值、浸出温度和时间、液固比(L/S)、搅拌速度对钒及杂质元素浸出率的影响.结果表明:物料粒度小于75μm时对提高钒浸出率影响较小;液固比从2∶1增加到7∶1,搅拌速度由100增加到500r/min时,钒浸出率增长幅度均低于3%;钒浸出率在浸出前15min内迅速升高,之后增长变缓;浸出体系pH值对钒及杂质浸出率影响显著,pH值为2~3时钒浸出率达90%,杂质元素Ca,Mn,Mg,Al,Si,P浸出率为10%~30%;在较佳浸出条件下:粒度96～75μm,pH值为25,温度55℃,时间30min,L/S为3,搅拌速度500r/min,钒浸出率超过91%.     

镍钼矿提钼渣中镍的浸出工艺

在硫酸溶液中,使用常压氧化浸出法处理镍钼矿提钼渣以回收有价金属镍。考察搅拌速度、液固比、硫酸用量、氧化剂用量以及浸出时间对镍浸出过程的影响。试验结果表明:搅拌速度与液固比对浸出过程影响不明显;在未加入氧化剂时,主要发生镍氢氧化物简单的酸溶反应,而添加氧化剂后硫化物也被氧化浸出;此外,镍浸出率随浸出时间、温度及硫酸用量的增加而增大。最佳工艺条件如下:搅拌速度为500 r/min,液固比为4:1,氧化剂加入量为矿量的0.2倍,浸出温度为90℃,硫酸浓度为0.4 mol/L,浸出时间为8 h,镍浸出率可达95%左右。     

铜阳极泥碱性加压氧化浸出渣的硫酸浸出过程

针对铜阳极泥碱性加压氧化浸出渣开展硫酸浸出过程研究,考察硫酸浓度、温度、时间、液固比、搅拌速度和氧化方式等因素对浸出渣渣率和金属浸出率的影响.研究结果表明:金属浸出率随硫酸浓度的增加而提高,银的溶解尤为明显;硫酸浸出渣中未溶解的铜主要以单质存在,采用空气氧化方式可以提高铜的浸出率;在最佳条件即硫酸浓度为2.7 mol/L,温度为85℃,液固比为5∶1,时间为2h,空气压力为0.1～0.2 MPa和搅拌速度为300 r/min下,硫酸浸出渣率为60.0％,Cu和Te的浸出率分别为97.65％和77.53％,Ag和Sb的浸出率分别为8.95％和2.0％.     

兰坪低品位氧化锌矿NH_3-(NH_4)_2SO_4体系浸出

研究NH3-(NH4)2SO4体系pH、总氨浓度、液固比、温度、矿物粒径、搅拌速度等因素对兰坪低品位氧化锌矿中锌及主要杂质元素浸出行为的影响,并在较低pH和总氨浓度条件下,采用二段逆流浸出工艺对该矿进行处理。实验结果表明:pH、总氨浓度、液固比是影响锌及杂质浸出的主要因素,浸出液中硅、铁、镉、铅等杂质离子的含量都较低。在浸出剂总氨浓度为3 mol/L,pH为9.60,液固比为4,反应时间为4 h的条件下,通过二段逆流浸出工艺处理,锌的浸出率>90%,浸出液pH<9.0,能很好地满足萃取工序的处理要求。     

锰方解石的盐酸浸出及四氧化三锰的制备

对锰方解石的盐酸浸出行为进行研究并采用石灰乳法制备四氧化三锰;采用X线衍射对产品Mn3O4进行表征,考察液固比、催化剂用量、反应温度、浸出时间和搅拌速度等因素对锰浸出率的影响,并从动力学角度分析浸出行为.为了提高产品四氧化三锰的纯度,采用正交实验研究石灰乳浓度为1 mol/L时,Mn2+浓度、反应温度、石灰乳加料速度以及反应陈化时间对氢氧化锰纯度的影响.研究结果表明:锰浸出率随温度和搅拌速度的增大而增大;催化剂可在一定程度上缩短反应时间;锰方解石矿的浸出过程为扩散-化学反应混合控制过程;当氯化锰浓度为0.5 mol/L,反应温度为80℃,陈化时间为4h,加料速度为6 mL/min时,氢氧化锰中锰质量分数可达60％以上,最终产品四氧化三锰中锰质量分数为70.42％.     

某火山岩型铀矿石微波预处理搅拌浸出实验研究

选用富含铁的火山岩型铀矿石,对其进行微波预处理,然后,在常温常压下进行搅拌浸出.考察微波预处理浸出铀的效果,并比较微波预处理前后矿物粒度、硫酸浓度、液固比、搅拌时间对浸出率的影响.结果表明:微波预处理后,硫酸的消耗量未增加,浸出所需时间缩短,矿物粒度较大时仍能获得相对较好的浸出率;与对照组相比,铀浸出率有所提高,微波预处理该铀矿石可行.微波预处理后,该铀矿石最佳的浸出工艺条件为矿物粒度-150μm、硫酸浓度20 g/L、液固比3L/kg、搅拌时间9 h.     

三价铬超声-脉冲电沉积Fe-Ni-Cr/SiC纳米复合镀层

利用超声-脉冲复合电沉积法,在三价铬镀液体系中,添加羧酸盐-尿素配合剂和SiC纳米颗粒,制备了Fe-Ni-Cr/SiC纳米复合镀层.研究了超声-脉冲工艺参数与SiC纳米粒子复合量、Cr含量及镀层厚度的关系;利用稳态极化曲线和循环伏安法分析了超声波对阴极电化学行为的影响.结果表明,超声-脉冲作用均有利于基质金属Fe、Ni和Cr的电沉积,提高了镀层中SiC和Cr的含量以及镀层的厚度.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和能谱仪对Fe-Ni-Cr/SiC纳米复合镀层的表面形貌、微观结构和组成等进行表征,发现采用该技术可制备厚度为23.56μm,SiC和Cr质量分数分别为4.1%和25.1%的Fe-Ni-Cr/SiC纳米复合镀层.磨损量和腐蚀曲线测试结果表明,SiC含量高的复合镀层,其耐磨性和耐蚀性更好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-