Recent Progress for Gallium-Based Liquid Metal in Smart Wearable Textiles

The development of smart textiles has presentend new requirements for integrated devices that can be compatible with both conductivity and deformation. At room temperature, liquid metal presents both metallic properties and flexible properties, as well as low toxicity and biocompatible, which makes it more and more popular on the research of liquid metal based electronic devices. This review summarizes the basic physical properties, and the key points to be fabricated into fibers and fabrics including oxides and wettability. Meantime, the application in the field of textiles is presented. Liquid metal based electrical conductive fibers and flexible sensors can be fabricated mainly by injection and printing, as well as direct-writing for smart fabrics. Liquid metal can be integrated as functional components for smart wearable devices in the future by assembling the as-prepared fibers and fabrics with textile technology, such as twisting, sewing, knitting, and embroidering.     

柔性可穿戴应力传感器的研究进展

柔性可穿戴传感器由于其可拉伸、可弯曲、轻薄便携和优异的电学性能等特点被广泛应用于健康诊断、运动监测、康复医疗、娱乐等领域.近年来,柔性可穿戴应力传感器取得了显著的进步,多种可测量健康信息的柔性应力传感器已被应用于脉搏波、运动、呼吸和心电图(electrocardiogram,ECG)检测.然而,柔性传感器的发展仍然有诸多待解决的问题.对近年柔性应力传感器的发展进行了全面的归纳总结,从应力传感器的工作原理、结构设计展开,探讨了如何构建高性能柔性应力传感器,讨论了当前柔性传感器存在的问题,展望了未来柔性应力传感器的发展趋势.出色的柔韧性、良好生物兼容性、快速响应、高灵敏度、多功能集成的柔性可穿戴传感器展现出广阔的应用前景.     

悬臂梁结构对应变式位移传感器特性的影响

柔性悬臂梁是高精度、高分辨率应变式位移传感器的关键部件,它的材料、结构形状和加工精度等因素直接关系到传感器的性能,特别是影响传感器的灵敏度。为了能深入了解悬臂梁结构尺寸对应变式位移传感器的影响,从而实现传感器结构的优化设计,进行了理论分析和实验性研究,并给出了研究结果。     

导电海绵-AgNWs复合柔性应力传感器灵敏度优化

以导电海绵为基底,并将其与银纳米线（AgNWs）复合作为柔性电极,制备了一系列柔性应力传感器,其具有良好的灵敏度和重复性.研究发现AgNWs均匀附着在导电海绵的泡沫网络中.受力时随着海绵泡沫结构大形变的同时,AgNWs结构在微观上也产生次级形变,这种多层次的导电网络结构变化有利于增强应力传感器的灵敏度.考察了不同介电材料、介电层厚度、AgNWs滴涂层数等条件对灵敏度的影响,并优化了制备条件,实现了传感器的可控制备.本文制备的传感器制备方法简单,有一定实际应用前景.     

Highly stretchable,sensitive and wide linear responsive fabric-based strain sensors with a self-segregated carbon nanotube (CNT)/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating

Flexible strain sensors have received increasing attention with the development of wearable electronic devices. However, integrating wide strain detection range, high sensitivity while maintaining relatively wide linear response range for such sensor system still remain a challenge. A fabric based flexible sensor (S-CNT/PDMS-F) was designed and fabricated, and the sensor can simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, wide linear response and strain detection range by combining self-segregated carbon nanotube (CNT)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites and elastic medical bandage. It has been observed that this new sensor system can achieve a high sensitivity with a gauge factor of 615, a large linear responsive range of 0–100% strain (R² ?= ?0.993) and a wide strain detection range of ～ 200%, which is superior to almost all the reported CNT/PDMS flexible strain sensors. Compared to the similar fabric based strain sensor system deploying non self-segregated structure (C-CNT/PDMS-F), our S-CNT/PDMS-F demonstrates higher electrical conductivity and lower electrical percolation threshold and response time of 55 ?ms, as well as more stable and repeatable performance under cyclic loading conditions. The capability of the sensors in monitoring physiological activities and weight distribution has also been demonstrated.     

A facile and cost-effective approach to fabrication of high performance pressure sensor based on graphene-textile network structure

High performance flexible pressure sensors have received tremendous attention due to the potential applications in wearable electronics and humanoid robotics. Herein, a low-cost, time-saving fabrication strategy is reported to efficiently construct highly sensitive and scalable pressure sensors based on graphene-textile. The flexible pressure sensor was prepared through a dip coating approach where the graphene ink was used as the active material and textile with ordered network structure, serves as the flexible support matrix. By increasing the number of layers of the textile, the pressure sensor could achieve a high linear sensitivity value of 0.23 kPa⁻¹, a broad pressure range from 0 to 140 kPa, and a durability over 800 cycles. It was found that the network structure of the graphene-textile contributed to the enhancement of the sensing performance due to the piezoresistive effect resulting from the deformation of conductive graphene-textile. Moreover, by virtue of its exceptional properties, it is demonstrate that the high performance flexible pressure sensor could be further used to detect human physiological signals, such as wrist pulse, finger press detection and walking state monitoring, indicating its promising potential to flexible and wearable electronics.     

沥青路面夹层动态粘弹性及抗剪性能(英文)

为提高半刚性沥青路面与沥青加铺层的防反射裂缝的能力,在基面层之间设置了柔性夹层.采用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)对纯沥青夹层、不同土工织物夹层进行了动态扫描,并分析了其动粘弹性,然后对夹层的抗剪性能进行试验分析.研究结果表明,土工织物夹层满足路面抗滑移的要求,具有良好的路用性能.     

Recent advances of flexible sensors for biomedical applications

Ultrathin, soft, flexible and stretchable sensors offer good opportunity to design personal health diagnosis and treatment systems by fabricating wearable biomedical devices for continuous health monitoring and preventive medicine. This paper summarizes the recent advances of flexible sensors for next generation biomedical applications. Materials used for flexible sensors are first briefly introduced. Followed to this part, the latest developments of flexible sensors for biomedical applications are discussed in detail, including flexible sensors for skin-attached devices and implantable devices. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of flexible sensors are also discussed in the development of biomedical devices.     

MBWK织物在警用防弹头盔中的应用研究

分析了MBWK织物的结构特点与警用复合材料防弹头盔的弹道性能和成型性能之间的关系,指出MBWK织物组织点较少,衬纱处于伸直状态,弹击应变波传播速度快,剪切应力小;织物结构整体性好,层间分裂阻抗性高;捆绑系统采用罗纹组织,具有一定的弹性,可以不经折叠或缝接而模压成复杂的曲面形状。讨论了UHMWPE纤维的物理、机械等性质,指出该纤维密度低,比强度高,比模量大,在复合材料防弹头盔领域具有极大的应用潜力。     

An Analysis and Prevention of Stop Marks in Weaving

The cause of stop marks of fabrics in weaving is introduced, and the floating displacement of the cloth fell during loom stoppage is a primary cause of stop marks. The stop marks caused by fabric system are analyzed. A new method to eliminate stop marks by using the electronic let-off system is presented. This new method needn't any special detecting equipment, it can control the fell position by the powerful control program, so the cost is decreased greatly. The method is so flexible that can be applied to weaving all kinds of fabrics.     

机织物增强压延柔性复合材料的撕裂和剥离性能

对机织物增强压延柔性复合材料进行撕裂、剥离性能测试分析,得出基布的纱线线密度、织物密度以及涂层厚度与撕裂强力、剥离强力之间的关系,并对经纬向撕裂强力和剥离强力的关系进行初步研究.     

智能固色烘燥的研究

针对喷墨印花的后处理问题,研究了快速固色烘燥工艺.介绍了使用2只非接触式水分传感器作为传感手段,利用水分残余率作为控制参数,控制织物烘燥残余水分的控制原理.解决了用出口处织物舍湿率数值反馈控制车速的控制系统与PID的动态特性在多品种小批量生产的情况下无法得到良好配合的问题,易于控制,可获得较好的控制效果.同时介绍了一种结构紧凑,温度容易控制,固色效果好的工艺装置.     

用于仿生皮肤的电容式三维力触觉感知系统

为解决可穿戴传感器触觉感知信息单一, 不具备柔性以及可穿戴性差的问题, 研究了一种兼备法向力与切向力感知功能的电容式三维力柔性触觉传感器。阐述了传感器的结构设计、触觉感知机理, 并借助ANSYS传感器有限元仿真软件进行触觉感知机理验证。基于CC2530 低功耗微处理器与AD7147-1 型电容数字转换器构建便携式电容触觉信息感知系统。可分别满足法向力0 ~ 5 N 范围检测灵敏度为6. 87 fF/ N 以及剪切力0 ~3 N时灵敏度为10. 96 fF/ N 的触觉感知, 动态响应时间为226 ms。实验结果表明, 该电容式三维力触觉传感器具备良好的工作稳定性与灵敏度, 为可穿戴式人工皮肤的研究提供了一种设计方案。     

Development of Flexible Luminous Fabrics for Photodynamic Therapy in Biomedical Applications

Fabrics integrating with side-emitting polymer optical fiber( SE-POF) have great potentials for photodynamic therapy( PDT),which is a form of phototherapy recognized as a treatment strategy that is both minimally invasive and minimally toxic.Preliminary research has been undertaken to develop flexible luminous fabrics( FLF) device for PDT used in biomedical applications. The FLF device consists of SE-POFs, textile substrates,light source( LEDs or laser) with proper wavelength,and optical fiber coupling,etc. Different patterns of the fabrics were designed and fabricated purposely,and the light illumination effect was tested including the light power emitting from the patterned optical fiber fabrics,the stability of the illumination,and the light with different wavelengths. The work contributes to the successful development of an efficient and pain-alleviated illumination device for PDT in biomedical application.     

A Study on Modifying the Calculation Model of Valid Opening Size of Heat - bonded Nonwoven Fabrics

It has been found that there are marked errors in the value of valid opening size of heat-bonded nonwoven fabrics between theoretical calculations and engineering measurements. A new modified theoretical model is advanced in this paper. The equivalent diameter of the pore of a fibre web is used to calculate the valid opening size instead of the maximum diameter of inscribed circle used, because the fibres in practical fibre webs are flexible elastomers with definite diameters and the pore of fibre web may produce deformation in screening teat and engineering usage. The results show that the theoretical calculations coincide well with the engineering measurements. This method offers a theoretical basis for computer simulation to the performance of filters of heatbonded nonwoven fabrics.     

电容式传感器的设计方法探讨

研究者从间距变化型电容传感器的工作原理出发,从检测原理、参数分析和主要误差来源等方面对差分式电容传感器系统的设计方案进行了研究。分析结果表明差动式电容传感器的灵敏度比一般电容传感器提高了一倍,同时差动式电容传感器的非线性误差得到了明显的改善。电容传感器的主要误差来源于电路噪声和电容传感器的非线性。     

采用数据融合处理技术提高传感器的可靠性

对非目标参量敏感的传感器性能（如可靠性和精度）通常是比较低的。文中提出采用数据融合处理技术检测影响传感器性能的诸多非目标参量,降低传感器对温度、湿度以及电原电压波动等非目标参量的交叉灵敏度,提高传感器的可靠性与精度。     

聚酰亚胺/聚乙烯醇湿敏材料性能对比分析

湿度是仓储、民爆等领域一个重要的环境参量,湿敏材料感湿特性直接决定了传感器本身的性能优劣。选择光纤湿度传感器最常用的两种湿敏材料聚酰亚胺和聚乙烯醇作为研究对象,通过在光纤布拉格光栅表面涂覆两种不同的湿敏材料,分别对传感器的灵敏度、响应时间、长期稳定性进行测试。实验结果显示:涂覆聚酰亚胺的湿度传感器线性度可达99.98%,灵敏度为5.4 pm/%,响应时间为9.7 min,最大波长偏移量为5.6 pm;涂覆聚乙烯醇的湿度传感器在相对湿度60%~90%的高湿范围内具有更高的灵敏度,因此更适于高湿环境下的湿度测量。     

Advanced flow measurement and active flow control of aircraft with MEMS

Advanced flow measurement and active flow control need the development of new type devices and systems.Micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS) technologies become the important and feasible approach for micro transducers fabrication.This paper introduces research works of MEMS/NEMS Lab in flow measurement sensors and active flow control actuators.Micro sensors include the flexible thermal sensor array,capacitive shear stress sensor and high sensitivity pressure sensor.Micro actuators are the balloon actuator and synthetic jet actuator respectively.Through wind tunnel test,these micro transducers achieve the goals of shear stress and pressure distribution measurement,boundary layer separation control,lift enhancement,etc.And unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) flight test verifies the ability of maneuver control of micro actuator.In the future work,micro sensor and actuator can be combined into a closed-loop control system to construct aerodynamic smart skin system for aircraft.     

火炮悬挂系统柔性件的应力测试与疲劳分析

为了获得火炮在强化路上进行牵引试验的总里程，需要研究悬挂柔性件的疲劳寿命。根据疲劳寿命计算的需要给出了测试系统精度要求。选择测试仪器的精度，设计制造工装具控制传感器的安装精度，进行牵引试验，测试悬挂系统缓冲位移。建立了悬挂系统缓冲位移与悬挂柔性件应力之间的函数，获得了悬挂柔性件的疲劳寿命和疲劳强化系数。证明用测试悬挂系统缓冲位移方法，可以获得柔性件应力、疲劳寿命和强化系数。