未确知均值分级方法及在回采巷道围岩分类中的应用

为将未确知数学理论应用到回采巷道围岩分类问题中,提出了未确知均值分级方法,建立回采巷道围岩分类的未确知均值分级模型.从巷道地压显现的特点及支护的难易程度两方面选取了6个主要影响因素,如巷道埋深、跨度、直接顶与煤层厚度的比值、围岩强度、围岩节理发育程度,松动圈大小作为判别指标,利用30组巷道围岩实测数据建立回采巷道围岩分类的未确知均值分级分析模型.应用该模型对平顶山矿区4条回采巷道围岩进行了分类预测.结果表明,预测类别与实际类别相吻合,这说明用该模型研究巷道围岩类别具有良好的实用性和有效性.该方法可为回采巷道围岩的分类提供一种新思路.     

膨胀性围岩中巷道地压的模拟

本文研究了膨胀性围岩中巷道地压显现规律和支护的模拟方法，这些方法包括有限元法和模型试验方法，并利用这些方法分析和讨论了膨胀性围岩中巷道地压的显现规律和几种支护方案的作用原理。     

新方煤矿回采巷道支护参数设计及优化

锚杆支护具有“主动”支护、支护成本低，控制围岩效果好等优点，是当今世界巷道支护技术的主要发展趋势。实践证明，锚杆支护成功的关键是支护形式的合理选择和支护参数的科学设计，以充分发挥围岩自身的承裁能力，进行耦合支护。本文通过对新方煤矿回采巷道特点，在围岩分类和支护选型的基础上进行锚杆支护参数设计。     

煤层巷道锚杆支护稳定性数值模拟研究

锚杆支护的作用在于加大巷道围岩的围压，从而提高围岩的强度而保持其稳定性。我国大多数矿井进行锚杆支护设计多以经验方法为主，具有一定的局限性，很难满足生产上的要求。本文采用FEM和BEM耦合算法，对木城润煤矿540203工作面顺槽、切巷和 570二石门三槽煤巷、切巷两种条件下锚杆支护试验巷道的围岩应力、变形及破坏规律进行的数值模拟研究，分析了锚杆支护巷道应力变化及可能发生的力学效应，为合理进行锚杆支护设计提供了依据。     

基于原岩应力测量的软岩巷道支护优化设计研究

为了解决曹庄煤矿高应力软岩巷道支护困难的问题,进行了井下原岩应力实测,采用基于实测地应力的锚杆支护优化设计方法,优化了巷道支护设计参数。工程实践表明,该支护技术有效控制了高应力软岩巷道围岩变形,取得了良好的技术经济效益,提供了一种控制高应力软岩巷道围岩变形的有效方法,对类似条件下巷道支护设计具有一定借鉴意义。     

大同煤业股份有限公司燕子山矿8#层围岩及支护参数优化

大同煤业股份有限公司燕子山矿巷道顶板稳定性较好,北翼回风大巷、轨道大巷以及运输大巷顶板是石灰岩,底板是细砂岩,两帮全部为煤层。为了合理评价燕子山矿巷道顶板的稳定性,本项目计划采用现场调研、围岩物理力学性质试验分析、理论分析和数值模拟计算等综合研究方法,来进行燕子山矿巷道顶板稳定性分级,据此来优化燕子山矿巷道支护参数。巷道围岩分类及巷道支护参数优化项目研究工作,是通过北翼回风大巷8#煤围岩微观分析、力学性能试验、北翼回风大巷巷道支护参数的优化设计研究等工作。项目主要研究内容包括:巷道围岩物理力学参数测试与分析、巷道围岩顶板稳定性分级、巷道支护设计理论研究、巷道支护参数的优化设计。总之,本项目以矿山岩石力学、弹性力学等理论为指导,结合理论分析、现场调研、常规力学试验和数值模拟等方法,进行燕子山矿8#煤层巷道围岩稳定性分级及巷道支护参数优化设计。     

巷道围岩自稳结构原理及其影响因素研究

巷道开挖后，围岩总是向着趋于自我稳定的方向调整，直至达到应力平衡的自稳结构为止。巷道的维护本质上就是对围岩自稳结构的维护。本文阐述了巷道围岩自稳结构的原理，通过数值试验手段对岩性、原岩应力状态、开挖方式，巷道形状、支护方式等影响自稳结构的因素进行了研究，并分析了这些因素对巷道支护设计的影响。所得结果对巷道支护设计提供了指导，实践证明该方法是有效的。     

高地应力松软破碎围岩条件下锚绳索喷注联合巷修技术

一、巷道支护现状 长期以来，动压巷道一直是煤矿巷道支护技术研究中的一个重点，而受动压影响的深部高应力“三软”煤层巷道支护则更是巷道支护中的一个难点。特别是一些矿井由于巷道围岩松软破碎，致使其在高应力作用下变形破坏十分严重。     

薄煤层回采巷道围岩控制数值模拟研究及效果分析

通过对回采巷道常用的几种支护方式采用数值方法,对薄煤层回采巷道不同支护形式下巷道围岩应力分布、位移分布等情况进行数值模拟,研究分析不同支护方式的作用机理及其控制围岩变形的作用,选择出最适合薄煤层回采巷道快速掘进的支护方式,及其合理支护参数,进而指导现场施工。     

Fisher判别法在综放回采巷道支护形式选择中的应用

 将Fisher判别分析法应用于综放回采巷道支护形式选择中,建立了综放回采巷道支护形式选择的Fisher判别分析模型,选取围岩强度、煤层强度、巷道埋深、围岩节理裂隙发育程度、采动影响系数、顶煤厚度、护巷煤柱宽度和断面面积8项指标作为Fisher判别分析模型的判别因子,以15组综采巷道围岩及支护实测数据作为学习样本进行训练,建立相应的判别函数对待判样本进行分类.研究结果表明,Fisher判别分析模型分类性能良好,预测精度高,回判估计的误判率很低,是一种综放回采巷道支护形式选择的有效方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.