Gel Casting of 316L Stainless Steel Powder Through Mold DIS Process

This paper presents the gel casting of metal powder by agar gelation through mold decomposed injection sculpture (DIS) process:verifying the feasibility and improving the processing parameters to prepare stable metal slurry and strong green body. The optimal processing parameters were achieved after investigating the effects of these parameters such as temperature, agar content, dispersant concentration, and solid volume loading. The rheological behavior of metal slurry and the character of formed green body were also investigated. The mixture and dispersion mechanism of metal slurry as well as the consolidation forming and sintering technology of green body were studied based on analysis of experimental results. The results show that the optimal pH range is 8.5-9.5 with the grain size distribution of 2-30 μm and 55% solid suspension, which can be prepared by adding proper dispersant (Polyvinyl Alcohol). The agar and dispersant content has great effect on the properties of slurry. When 1.0 wt.% dispersant and 0.7 wt.% agar content (referred to dry solid) are adopted, stable metal slurry with viscosity less than 1 Pa·s and green body with bending strength of 2.7 MPa are obtained. The sintered bodies with uniform structure, relative density of 90%, and yield strength of 150 MPa are prepared at 1300℃/30min in vacuum. This process can be applied in rapid prototyping of complex shape metal products such as rotor blades.     

凝胶注模成型钛-生物玻璃多孔生物复合材料研究

采用凝胶注模成型工艺制备了钛-生物玻璃复合材料坯体,研究了pH值、分散剂、固相含量(钛和生物玻璃在料浆中的质量分数)等因素对料浆和复合材料坯体性能的影响,对坯体的力学性能进行了测试,借助扫描电镜分析了坯体的微观组织.试验结果表明,料浆的pH值应控制在8.5～9.5的范围内;聚丙烯酸铵的浓度为2vol%时,料浆的流动性最好;采用搅拌法制备的复相料浆固相含量达到50%,复合材料坯体的抗弯强度达到40MPa;由于生物玻璃的加入,使得多孔生物材料表面的生物活性提高.     

ZrO2基陶瓷注凝成型料浆流变性的研究

陶瓷料浆流变性能是注凝成型工艺的关键,料浆流变性要求高固含量,低粘度.实验通过在ZrO2表面包覆Al2O3,形成ZrO2-Al2O3复相陶瓷料浆.根据静电位阻稳定理论,通过调节pH值和分散剂的加入量,可得到满足成型要求的高固含量,低粘度的料浆.结果表明,在pH值为10左右,分散剂加入量为粉料质量的3%时,料浆固相体积分数可以达到40%.同时表明了Al2O3对ZrO2颗粒表面有改性作用,提高了悬浮体的稳定性.     

Effects of process parameters on nonaqueous gelcasting for copper powder

An approach to fabricate sintered copper with high green strength and high sintered density using nonaqueous gelcasting technology is presented in this study. The effects of various gelcasting processing parameters such as monomer content, monomer/crosslinker ratio, initiator content, dispersant dosage, and temperature on the flexural strength of dried green bodies and the relative density of sintered bodies were studied to obtain better microstructures and properties. The appropriate process parameters obtained for copper gelcasting are as follows: monomer content, 20vol%–30vol% (based on the total volume of reagents); monomer/crosslinker ratio, 10:1 to 20:1; initiator content, 3vol%–4vol% (based on the volume of the monomer); dispersant dosage, 1.5wt%–2.5wt% (based on the mass of the copper powder); and reaction temperature, 65–75℃.     

一种碳纤维分散液的制备及其在固井水泥浆中的应用

碳纤维是一种高性能纤维,能有效改善水泥石的力学性能。为了克服碳纤维在使用过程中不易分散的缺点,对碳纤维分散剂种类、分散剂加量及碳纤维加量进行优选,制备出一种碳纤维分散液,并对该碳纤维分散液在固井水泥浆中的应用效果进行评价,最后对加入碳纤维分散液的水泥石微观形貌进行观察。结果表明：碳纤维分散剂CDA-2能改善碳纤维在水溶液中的分散效果,当加量为0.6%时,形成的碳纤维分散液较稳定;当碳纤维分散液中碳纤维的加量为4%,此时形成的碳纤维分散液稳定性最好且碳纤维加量最优。使用碳纤维分散液配制的固井水泥浆体系与将碳纤维直接加入的固井水泥浆中相比,水泥浆体系常规性能相差不大,但力学性能明显提高,养护3 d后碳纤维分散液水泥石的抗压强度、抗冲击强度、抗折强度比直接加碳纤维水泥石分别提高6.8%、7.6%、10.1%。碳纤维分散液能使碳纤维更好的分散在水泥石中,形成网状结构,通过桥联阻裂、拔出耗能作用增强增韧水泥石。     

凝胶注模成型ZTA坯体影响因素的研究

通过测量含不同种类和质量分数粉末浆料的粘度，坯体的密度和线性收缩率，研究了用凝胶注模成型的ZTA陶瓷坯体的影响因素。结果表明，复相悬浮体系统远比单相系统复杂得多。ZrO2和(2ZrO2 SiO2)质量分数增加都能够使浆料的粘度增大，原因是同一悬浮系统中不同粉体颗粒表面的双电层厚度不同。A12O3悬浮体系统和(2ZrO2 SiO2)可以部分相容，和纯ZrO2则相容性很差。固相质量分数和引发剂质量分数都会影响坯体的线性收缩率和密度。浆料的黏度在其中起了重要作用。     

YAG陶瓷磨球注浆成型用浆料的流变性能研究

以高纯Al2O3和Y2O3粉体为原料,在浆料pH值为9．7,分散剂PAA-NHt体积分数为1．5％,固相体积分数为50％,球磨时间12h,增塑剂PEG体积分数为1．5％的优化工艺条件下制备出流动性好、分散均匀的Y2O3-Al2O3混合浆料,利用注浆成型制备YAG陶瓷球形生坯,在60℃干燥24h条件下,球坯相对密度可达50％以上,球坯圆度偏差仅0．5346％,陶瓷球坯颗粒分布均匀．以体积分数0．8％的SiO2为烧结助剂,在1650℃保温6h,采用液相法烧结获得了自磨损率仅5．68×10^-6／h的YAG新型陶瓷磨球,可用于高性能YAG陶瓷的制备．     

氧化铝陶瓷光固化浆料的制备及脱脂工艺优化研究

本文重点研究了光固化浆料固含量和粘度的关系,通过分散剂调控流变学性能,实现了高固含量浆料(45 vol%)的制备并完成打印.在此基础上我们发现,脱脂烧结工艺是决定氧化铝陶瓷成型的另一关键因素.脱脂不彻底会导致气孔、裂纹等缺陷,直接影响到陶瓷质量.鉴于此,本研究针对所制备的氧化铝陶瓷浆料有机物类型,调整了脱脂曲线,并证实通过先在真空中热解后在空气中除碳的两步脱脂方式可使有机物充分去除,不易产生气孔,最终获得了结构致密的氧化铝陶瓷材料.本文系统总结了分散剂种类、浓度及氧化铝固含量对浆料粘度的影响,优化了脱脂工艺,为复杂结构陶瓷材料的光固化成型及性能的优化提供了实验依据.     

Al2O3凝胶注模技术研究

用自制分散剂ＭＮ制备了固相含量高达６５ｖｏｌ％的Ａｌ２Ｏ３（ＭｇＯ）浓悬浮体,用该悬浮体成型了Ａｌ２Ｏ３（ＭｇＯ）坯体．其强度、相对密度达到了１８Ｍｐａ和６８％,比等静压成型的坯体分别提高了６倍和７％．添加剂ＭｇＯ可直接加入,但对坯体的强度有损害．水溶性镁盐加入Ａｌ２Ｏ３悬浮体将导致凝固．其原因是Ｍｇ２＋离子与ＭＮ中的阴离子发生了中和     

Production and characterization of high porosity porous Fe-Cr-C alloys by the space holder leaching technique

Spherical carbamide particles were employed to produce porous Fe-Cr-C alloy with high porosity and large aperture via the space-holder leaching technique. A series of porous samples were prepared by regulating the processing parameters, which included the carbamide content and the compaction pressure. The pore characteristics and compression properties of the produced samples were investigated. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, image analysis, and compression tests. The results showed that the macro-porosity and the mean pore size were in the ranges 40.4%–82.4% and 0.6–1.5 mm, respectively. The compressive strength varied between 25.38 MPa and 127.9 MPa, and was observed to decrease with increasing total porosity.     

羟基磷灰石陶瓷凝胶浇注成型工艺研究

采用凝胶浇注成型工艺制备了羟基磷灰石陶瓷坯体，研究了单体、引发剂、催化剂、固相物含量及干燥工艺等因素对羟基磷灰石陶瓷坯体特性的影响，并比较了不同成型工艺制备的烃基磷灰石陶瓷坯体的物理性能和显微结构。研究表明：凝胶浇注成型工艺是一种适合于制备高强度复杂形状陶瓷坯体的原位成型工艺，采用合适的料浆组成与干燥工艺可制备抗弯强度高达５０ＭＰａ的羟基磷灰石陶瓷坯体。     

基于响应面法的地聚合物预混料制备工艺优化

为有效解决地聚合物预混料制备参数的优化问题,试验通过响应面试验设计构建二次项回归方程并对配合比设计进行优化,结合宏观性能与微观形貌探讨地聚合物预混料机理。研究结果表明,满足28d抗压强度及28d抗折强度最大目标值时的地聚合物预混料最优配合设计比为：矿渣掺量为19.9%,水灰比为0.36,固体激发剂掺量为16%时,最优目标值为28d抗压强度29.2MPa,28d抗折强度7.1MPa,满足施工条件。预测值和试验值误差较小,表明响应面法用于地聚合物实验设计与优化的合理性,可为地聚合物制备参数优化及实际应用提供理论参考。     

矿渣固化钻井液技术的高温分散剂研究

由于高温深井泥浆本身具有粘度大、密度高以及成分复杂等特点,导致在MTC浆体中泥浆分散剂分散作用甚微,甚至根本无法配浆。从MTC浆体的增稠原理出发,合成出含非离子型基团的多种改性聚氧乙烯类物质的MTC高温分散剂SSOB。该分散剂加量小、分散能力强,不影响MTC浆体的稠化时间、抗压强度等其他性能,与其他外加剂(激活剂、缓凝剂等)相容性好等优点,使MTC浆体具有优良的综合性能,从而为高温深井油气的开发的MTC技术提供了保证,具有广阔的发展和应用前景     

磷酸铁锂正极浆料稳定性研究

以提高磷酸铁锂浆料稳定性为目标,研究分散剂种类（吐温一60、分散剂KD一1）、分散剂用量时其影响,通过浆料粘度、固含量、极片面密度和极片SEM图表征浆料稳定性。实验结果表明：加入分散剂吐温一60要比加入分散剂KD-l的浆料粘度总体要小6000mPa·s,固含量在12h的变化率也较小,说明分散剂吐温一60的分散效果要优于分散剂KD-1;通过各表征量数据得知在0．0015—0．0039分散剂量下的电池浆料随着分散剂量的增加,浆料各表征量逐渐趋于最佳稳定态势,0．0039分散剂量下达到最佳值,但电池性能数据表明,分散剂的量的增加,会使电池的首次充放电效率、电池的质量比容量下降,内阻增大,综合两方面的性能得知分散剂量在0．0025—0．003之间,浆料和电池性能取得较好的协同效果。     

泥水盾构施工废弃泥浆对同步注浆材料性能的影响

泥水盾构施工会产生大量废弃泥浆,传统的抛弃堆放不但污染环境且占用土地资源。本文依托南京长江新济洲供水廊道项目泥水盾构工程,针对江底盾构施工中的废弃泥浆,开展了将其应用于同步注浆材料的可行性研究。通过室内试验,研究了泥浆固水比、膨润土替代率和废弃泥浆黏粒含量对注浆材料性能的影响,同时对比分析了新配制膨润土泥浆和废弃泥浆对注浆材料性能影响的差异。结果表明：增大泥浆固水比,可使砂浆凝结时间缩短、强度增大、泌水率和体积收缩率降低,但会导致砂浆流动性变差。相比于新配制膨润土泥浆,废弃泥浆制备的砂浆具有更优的流动性能,但存在泌水率偏大和强度偏低的问题。采用废弃泥浆替代部分新配制膨润土泥浆,则能够有效控制砂浆的泌水率增大和强度降低的问题,同时使砂浆的流动性能大幅提高;废弃泥浆黏粒含量对砂浆性能影响相对较小,一定程度上表明了使用不同地层废弃泥浆制备的砂浆性能差异不大,故无需随地层变化而对砂浆配比进行较大调整,便于实际工程施工应用。     

非金属矿物聚合材料的制备及性能研究

以偏高岭土、粉煤灰为主要原料,沸石、黏土为辅料,生石灰和钠水玻璃为碱激发剂制备矿物聚合材料.通过正交试验研究了养护温度、养护时间、蒸养时间对抗压强度影响,通过单因素实验研究了生石灰用量、水固比及水玻璃模数对抗压强度影响;并通过红外光谱、X-射线衍射和扫描电镜分析了样品的化学键变化、物相组成及微观形貌.结果表明,最佳的养护条件为养护温度80℃、湿度95%,养护时间72 h,0.8 MPa蒸养8h;生石灰用量、水固比、水玻璃模数的最佳值分别为3%(wt)、0.37、2.3,样品的最大抗压强度为60.8 MPa.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl/TiAl joints brazed with a newly developed Ti–Ni–Nb–Zr quaternary filler alloy

A novel Ti–Ni–Nb–Zr quaternary filler alloy with the composition of Ti-(19～25)Ni-(15～25)(Nb ?+ ?Zr) (wt.%) was designed. The filler alloy was composed of (Ti,Nb)ss, (Ti,Zr,Nb)ss ?+ ?(Ti,Zr)₂Ni, α-Ti and Ti₂Ni phases. It was fabricated into filler foil with a thickness of about 45 ?μm by a rapid solidification technique. The results indicate that the liquidus temperature of the Ti–Ni–Nb–Zr brazing alloy was about 978 ^oC, and the brazing alloy presented excellent wettability on TiAl substrate. The TiAl joint mainly consisted of β/B2 phase, Ti₂Al, Ti₂AlNi and α₂-Ti₃Al phases. The diffusion of Al atom from base metal to brazed seam led to the formation of Ti₂Al and Ti₂AlNi. Considering that no previously references on XRD pattern of Ti₂AlNi compound can be found, Ti₂AlNi cast alloy specimen was specially prepared and XRD peaks were specially labeled. The micro-hardness and bending strength tests of the Ti₂AlNi phase were carried out, and the results were 761 HV and 192 ?MPa, respectively. The brazing parameters of 1010 ^oC/10 ?min offered the joint shear strength of 280 ?MPa at room temperature, and the joints exhibited tensile strength of 372 ?MPa at room temperature and 340 ?MPa at 750 ^oC, indicating that the newly developed filler alloy could offer a stable high-temperature strength.     

新型α-Al_2O_3纳米陶瓷分散剂的应用

用自制的丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸氨聚合物作A l2O3纳米陶瓷的分散剂和粘结剂,料浆最大固溶含量(质量分数)达60%.通过对纳米A l2O3分散后的料浆的粘度、ζ电位等性能进行分析测试,确定分散剂的最佳使用条件:在弱碱性或中性条件下,使用量为干燥粉体的0.15~0.3%.此种纯纳米三氧化二铝陶瓷的煅烧温度为1 630~1 650℃,保温1h,且分散剂略能增加陶瓷的烧结密度.利用热重分析测试,此分散剂在230~580℃下完全排烧.     

凝胶注模成型用锆钛酸铅陶瓷浆料流变特性研究

分别采用聚丙烯酸铵和海因环氧树脂为分散剂和凝胶剂,制备锆钛酸铅(PZT)压电陶瓷浆料,研究了分散剂含量、球磨时间、固相含量以及树脂含量等因素对浆料流变性能的影响,结果表明,当分散剂加入量为0.6%、球磨时间为24 h及固相体积含量为55.0%时,浆料流变特性最佳.浆料粘度随着树脂含量增加而增大,但即使树脂含量高达25.0%,浆料流动性依然能较好满足浇注成型的需求.     

硅灰耐高温低密度水泥浆的研究

用硅灰作高温稳定剂,漂珠为减轻剂,与G级油井水泥配制密度为1•5g/cm3的水泥浆。该水泥浆的特点是:①密度低,用水量小;②在低温下强度高、滤失量低、析水为零、稠化时间可调、流变性好,能满足施工工艺的要求;③水泥石能承受高温,在350℃、20MPa下养护3天,强度达12MPa。该低密度水泥浆可用于低压易漏地层稠油热采井的固井,并可大大减轻因高温引起的水泥石强度衰退,延长油井的寿命。