Extrusion Freeforming of Millimeter-Wave Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) Photonic Crystals

Extrusion freeforming can be used for the rapid prototyping of millimeter-wave electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures. In this work, an alumina-polymer paste with a relatively high volatility solvent (propanol) was used and the characteristics of the ceramic paste, particularly the rheological features are described. The advantage of high volatility solvent is that the viscosity and elastic modulus of the paste are increased sharply as the solvent evaporates. Thus, the rigidity of the extruded filament is quickly increased as a small amount of solvent evaporates. Finally, by employing this procedure, different EBG structures such as 2-D, 3-D woodpile and aperiodic structures were fabricated and their bandgaps were measured. The experimental results show that extrusion freeforming is a relatively simple and easy method to fabricate these woodpile structures with a bandgap in the 90-110 GHz region.     

电磁带隙结构滤波特性

电磁带隙(EBG)结构是一种周期性结构,存在明显的禁带效应.为了解其特性,研究了二维平面电磁带隙结构,该装置采用在接地金属板上光刻出阵列小孔的方法制作.在对EBG结构进行仿真和计算时,利用了完全匹配层(PML)吸收边界条件的时域有限差分法(FDTD).设计的程序采用C 和Matlab语言混合编制,既简化了程序又保持了C语言速度快的特点.最后通过大量实验和研究,提出了一种新型EBG结构,在此基础上设计出宽阻带并具有双频段带隙特性的滤波电路.     

Solid Freeforming and Combinatorial Research

A view of manufacturing processes is presented in which five distinct categories are defined as casting, deformation, machining, joining, and solid freeforming. Solid freeforming is essentially biomimetic and shares problems of morphogenesis with natural processes. Our team in University of London has been exploring three mechanisms of solid freeforming. In dry powder deposition and direct ink-jet printing, the emphasis has turned to the problem of delivering a complex shape in which the three dimensional spatial arrangement of composition is delivered from the design file. In extrusion freeforming, the aim is to control microstructure at hierarchical levels also from the design file. The quest for 3-D functional gradients is satisfied by acoustic and ultrasonic dispensing and mixing of powders so that each layer can be patterned. These methods could be extended to deliver the complex patterns demanded by left-handed microwave metamaterials. Dry powder deposition and direct ink-jet printing are turning towards combinatorial methods in which multiple sample libraries are used to accelerate discovery. In turn, this paves the way for ‘autonomous research machines’ which steer their own search refinements in response to our requests for new materials. In this way, solid freeforming used for sample preparation can give an ‘arm’ to an intelligent machine so that it can conduct its own experimentation and learning; an idea that originated with Alan Turing in the late 1940s.     

Drying-mediated self-assembly of nanoparticles

Systems far from equilibrium can exhibit complex transitory structures, even when equilibrium fluctuations are mundane. A dramatic example of this phenomenon has recently been demonstrated for thin-film solutions of passivated nanocrystals during the irreversible evaporation of the solvent. The relatively weak attractions between nanocrystals, which are efficiently screened in solution, become manifest as the solvent evaporates, initiating assembly of intricate, slowly evolving structures. Although certain aspects of this aggregation process can be explained using thermodynamic arguments alone, it is in principle a non-equilibrium process. A representation of this process as arising from the phase separation between a dense nanocrystal 'liquid' and dilute nanocrystal 'vapour' captures some of the behaviour observed in experiments, but neglects entirely the role of solvent fluctuations, which can be considerable on the nanometre length scale. Here we present a coarse-grained model of nanoparticle self-assembly that explicitly includes the dynamics of the evaporating solvent. Simulations using this model not only account for all observed spatial and temporal patterns, but also predict network structures that have yet to be explored. Two distinct mechanisms of ordering emerge, corresponding to the homogeneous and heterogeneous limits of evaporation dynamics. Our calculations show how different choices of solvent, nanoparticle size (and identity) and thermodynamic state give rise to the various morphologies of the final structures. The resulting guide for designing statistically patterned arrays of nanoparticles suggests the possibility of fabricating spontaneously organized nanoscale devices.     

EBG结构在圆柱共形微带天线中的应用

利用EBG结构改善平面微带天线的性能已得到广泛研究,同时在天线研究领域,圆柱共形微带天线由于其低剖面、易于共形,重量轻等特性而在航空航天及移动通信等众多领域得到广泛应用,因此,对高阻表面EBG结构在圆柱共形微带天线中的应用问题进行了着重研究.通过建立模型数值仿真了EBG结构对天线谐振频率、方向图的影响规律及有EBG结构时曲率对天线性能影响.结果表明,在天线周围加载EBG结构后,天线谐振频率升高,方向图得到显著改善,前向增益提高,后瓣减小,3 dB波束宽度变窄.比较研究发现,EBG结构减小了曲率对圆柱共形微带天线增益的影响.     

一种新型的可调性能的铁氧体EBG的特性分析

提出了一种新型的可利用改变外加偏置磁场对其特性进行调节的电磁带隙（EBG）——铁氧体EBG,并采用混合基有限元和Floquet定理相结合的方法,对其散射特性进行了仿真计算和数值分析。通过对不同外磁场下该类EBG的透射系数的频率响应的比较和分析表明：该类EBG较相同结构的各向同性EBG具有更好的通带和阻带特性,更重要的是通过调节外加偏置磁场的确可以改变该EBG的工作状态。这将可能研发出一种新型的功能可调的EBG。     

一种基于叉型电磁带隙结构微带天线设计

天线增益很大程度上决定了天线的整体性能,用传统的方法提高天线增益需要付出很大的代价,而电磁带隙结构(EBG)的提出使高性能天线的设计和制作成为可能.文章采用新的紧凑叉型EBG结构来设计天线.仿真和实验结果均证明,加载EBG结构以后天线的增益提高,说明了电磁带隙材料的引入可以有效改善原有天线的性能,同时紧凑的结构更易于实现小型化的天线,这对实现高效紧凑的天线阵具有重要意义.     

Woodpile结构中带隙的调制

Woodpile结构存在完全带隙，本文采用时域有限差分方法研究了由电介质材料和金属形成的微波波段的woodpile结构。模拟结果表明：前者完全带隙的范围为9GHz～13GHz；当用金属材料代替电介质材料时，完全带隙范围为19GHz～21.5GHz，即带隙向高频方向移动。产生这一结果的主要原因是电磁波在金属中传播时，存在一定的截止频率。     

新型折线形共面EBG电源层结构的噪声抑制特性验证与分析

提出一种新型折线形共面EBG电源层结构,进行了SSN抑制特性仿真分析和实际应用测试.保持金属连接线缝隙宽度为0.2 mm不变,设计宽度分别为0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 mm的4种共面EBG电源层结构.仿真结果可以得出,金属连接线宽度为0.2 mm的共面EBG电源层结构中心截止频率最低,相对阻带带宽较高,相对特性最优.将金属连接线宽度为0.2 mm的共面EBG电源层结构基于印刷电路板工艺制成PCB电路板.通过矢量网络分析仪进行了实际测试,得出的抑制特性参数曲线与仿真曲线走势基本一致,验证了该设计的有效性.      

渐变传输线及电磁缝隙结构的超宽带天线设计

为满足超宽带通信系统对天线小型化?抗干扰性能的要求,设计出一款基于非均匀传输线的平面网状扇形电磁缝隙结构的超宽带天线?依据非均匀传输线及电磁缝隙电路等效理论,推导出该天线的有效相位常数,总结出一种天线电路等效理论的分析方法?对该天线进行了设计?制作并加以测量?结果显示,天线在3~10GHz辐射特性基本保持一致;在3.10~15.78GHz回波损耗小于-10dB,增益大于4.4dBi;正面相距10cm的两天线隔离度S21小于-20dB,群时延基本在±1ns内?仿真与测试结果基本吻合,该天线满足超宽带系统的通信要求?     

不同参量的二维介质电磁带隙的反射及传输特性研究

采用有限元和Floquet定理相结合的方法,对不同参量的二维介质电磁带隙（EBG）结构的反射和传输特性进行了研究。利用EBG的周期性以较少的计算量和存储量,计算了平面波斜入射或正入射无限排列的二维介电EBG的散射特性。比较和分析了不同参数下EBG的反射和透射系数。研究结果有助于类似结构的实际设计。     

Solid Freeforming and Combinatorial Research

A view of manufacturing processes is presented in which five distinct categories are defined as casting, deformation, machining, joining, and solid freeforming. Solid freeforming is essentially biomimetic and shares problems of morphogenesis with natural processes. Our team in University of London has been exploring three mechanisms of solid freeforming. In dry powder deposition and direct ink-jet printing, the emphasis has turned to the problem of delivering a complex shape in which the three dimensional spatial arrangement of composition is delivered from the design file. In extrusion freeforming, the aim is to control microstructure at hierarchical levels also from the design file. The quest for 3-D functional gradients is satisfied by acoustic and ultrasonic dispensing and mixing of powders so that each layer can be patterned. These methods could be extended to deliver the complex patterns demanded by left-handed microwave metamaterials. Dry powder deposition and direct ink-jet printing are turning towards combinatorial methods in which multiple sample libraries are used to accelerate discovery. In turn, this paves the way for ’autonomous research machines’ which steer their own search refinements in response to our requests for new materials. In this way, solid freeforming used for sample preparation can give an ’arm’ to an intelligent machine so that it can conduct its own experimentation and learning; an idea that originated with Alan Turing in the late 1940s.     

曲面EBG结构表面波带隙特性研究

研究了3种典型EBG结构在曲面上表面波带隙特性,利用悬置微带线法,分析了曲面EBG结构带隙特性与其结构参数及曲率的关系。结果表明,曲率对表面波带隙的影响不是太明显,只是带隙中心频率有稍微的下降,介电常数与介质厚度对带隙影响规律与平面上一致。这一结论对在圆柱共形天线上应用高阻表面结构有一定的指导意义。     

Photonic Bandgap Properties of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Consisting of Complex Artificial Media

0Introduction Photonicbandgap(PBG)structureshavebeenextensive lystudiedduringthepastdecade[13],duetothepossi bilityofhandlinglight.ThePBGmaterialsareperiodical structurescomposedofmetallicordielectricelements.Thefirstcharacteristicofthisbehavioristoforbidthepropagation oftheelectromagneticwaveswhosefrequencyincludedwithintheirfrequencybandgap.Thebanddependsonthematerial structure,i.e.,dimensions,periodicityandpermittivity.Thesecondmajorcharacteristicistheabilitytoopenlocalizedelec tromagnet…     

电磁带隙结构在卫星接收天线中的应用

为了有效提高天线的增益,采用电磁带隙结构作为天线的地板.利用等效电路的原理对电磁带隙结构产生禁带特性进行了初步研究,解释其电磁带隙结构的工作原理.并根据原理对传统的带隙结构进行改进,给出一种新型的电磁带隙结构--高阻抗表面结构.用这种结构作为天线的反射面,能够有效地抑制反射面上的表面波.把这种结构应用在卫星接收天线中,并进行仿真计算.仿真结果表明,采用高阻抗的电磁带隙结构作为反射面,能够有效提高天线的增益,改善其辐射方向图.     

EBG结构在圆柱共形偶极子振中的应用

对一种柱面电磁带隙结构应用于圆柱共形偶极子振基站天线进行了研究。结果表明,应用柱面电磁带隙结构后,基站天线辐射方向性有明显增加,在E面实现了更窄的波束,而H面保持了较宽的波束,符合对基站天线性能的要求。     

Co~(2+)-NaX催化氧气环氧化苯乙烯的溶剂效应

考察了各种具有较低蒸汽压的溶剂(b.p.>100℃)对含钴八面沸石(Co2+-NaX)催化的以氧气为氧化剂的苯乙烯环氧化反应的影响.结果表明,溶剂对环氧化反应具有重要作用,使用酰胺类溶剂如:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等能够获得优良的催化性能.进一步研究表明,溶剂与分子筛中钴离子的配位作用是苯乙烯发生氧化转化的关键,酰胺类溶剂辅助参与苯乙烯的环氧化反应.使用适当比例的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和二甲亚砜的混合溶剂能够显著提高苯乙烯的转化率和环氧化物的选择性.     

乙醇─水间歇萃取精馏中溶剂流率的选择及溶剂回收的研究

研究了以乙二醇为溶剂间歇萃取精馏乙醇—水共沸混合物的溶剂流率选择及回收过程.实验得出,乙醇—水体系的相对挥发度随溶剂比的增加而显著增大,水—乙二醇过渡馏分段持续时间很短,在该段时间会出现塔顶温度急剧跃升的现象;当回流比为2:1时,溶剂回收的收率可达到99.33%.     

基于失配控制的非线性补偿带隙基准电路设计

在一阶线性补偿基准非线性温度特性分析基础上,提出了利用基准电路内部可控非线性失调电压实现高阶补偿的方法,即利用3路互偏结构代替传统基准电路中的2路自偏置结构,在宽温度范围内,理想状态下的基准温度系数相比一阶线性补偿明显降低.与其他类型的分段高阶补偿相比,基于失配补偿的带隙基准不仅结构简单,而且工艺稳定性更好.基于CSMC 0.18μmCMOS工艺完成了该基准电路的MPW验证,在-20～120℃温度范围内,基准温度系数的测试结果最低为6.2×10-6/℃.基于理论与实测结果误差产生原因的分析,提出了电阻修调以及面积功耗折中方面的改进措施.     

金属电磁带隙波导色散特性分析

建立了紧凑格式二维时域有限差分法(CFDTD)模型,利用二维网格划分计算三维传播问题,简化了计算量.提出了一种纵向均匀的中心缺陷型六角晶格金属电磁带隙波导结构.利用CFDTD仿真该金属电磁带隙波导,获得该结构的基模场分布及频率.改变纵向传播常数,得到对应的基模频率以及色散特性,计算结果表明色散特性满足电磁带隙的缩放特性.测量该波导在11～15 GHz以内的传输率, 12 GHz附近的波导波长和色散曲线,仿真结果与测量值误差在5%以内.