Al-Cu-Fe-Mg,Al-Cu-Fe-Zn和Al-Cu-Fe-Zn-Mg系准晶的形成规律研究

著者采用快速凝固方法制备了Al-Cu-Fe-Mg,Al-Cu-Fe-Zn和Al-Cu-Fe-Mg-Zn系合金粉末,这些快冷合金粉末在室温下为晶态相或晶态相与准晶相共存结构,把粉末加热到773～873K时,晶态相开始转变为准晶相,在1000～1073K时晶态相基本上完全转变为准晶相,继续提高加热温度,准晶相重新变为晶态相。本文对三种合金系列的加热相变规律,准晶相形成规律和准晶相的成分范围进行了详细的研究。     

急冷Al_(86)Mn_(14)合金准晶相晶化的研究

1 引言近几年发现的急冷Al-Mn合金中的准晶态是一种热力学亚稳态,加热时,会向自由能较低的晶态转变。准晶态的晶化行为,与其成份和结构的短程序及长程序密切相关。有关二十面体准晶相(I相)晶化的工作已有一些报道,我们用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X光衍射和原位加热电镜观察等技术对急冷Al_(86)Mn_(14)合金中准晶态的晶化进行了研究,得到了一些新的结果,并依此作初步的讨论。     

Al-Cu-Fe-Mn,Al-Cu-Fe-Cr和Al-Cu-Fe-Cr-Mn多元系准晶的制备

著者提出了一项配制新型准晶系列的成分加和原则,根据这个原则配制合金,并且采用快速冷凝制得了Al-Cu-Fe-Mn,Al-Cu-Fe-Cr和Al-Cu-Fe-Cr-Mn系合金粉末。通过对所得合金粉末进行XRD,DTA,HXRD和TEM等仪器的测试结果表明,Al-Cu-Fe-Mn,Al-Cu-Fe-Cr和Al-Cu-Fe-Cr-Mn均为新的多元素准晶。文章还对三种准晶系的热稳定性及准晶相加热时相结构转变进行了研究。     

Al-Mn准晶粉末的制取和研究

本文给出了Al-Mn准晶粉末的制取方法,并且对准晶粉末的形貌、成分、衍射特征和热稳定性能进行了研究。在Al-Mn合金系列中,合金成分和冷却速度对二十面体相的形成有很大影响,并且Mn含量在一定范围内增加,提高了二十面体相的热稳定性。实验结果表明,Al_(77.5)Mn_(22.5)合金在10~5～10~6K/s的冷却速度下,能够得到几乎完全的二十面体相的准晶粉末,这种粉末在673K下加热基本保持其亚稳结构。     

铝基多元系准晶合金形成规律的研究

本文是关于铝基多元系准晶合金形成规律的研究．在研究中采用了著者提出的加和原则对多元系铝基准晶的形成规律进行了解析．结果表明，某些准晶态合金可以按一定成分范围相互加和，通过快速凝固和普通熔铸等方法制备新的多元系准晶合金，同样根据准晶的加和原则，可以从某些多元系准晶预测新的基本准晶．     

Al-Pd-Mn-Mg、Al-Pd-Mn-Zn和Al-Pd-Mn-Mg-Zn系准晶态合金的研究

本文研究了Al-Pd-Mn-Mg、Al-Pd-Mn-Zn和Al-Pd-Mn-Mg-Zn三种多元系合金的准晶形成规律、准晶态合金的成分范围和热稳定性。研究结果表明,Al-Pd-Mn-Mg系准晶态合金的成分范围基本上可按以下范围选择构成,Al:60～80(at％)、Pd:0～20(at％)、Mn:0～10(a％)、Mg:0～10(at％),而Al-Pd-Mn-Zn为Al:60～75(at％)、Pd:0～20(at％)、Mn:0～10(at％)、Zn:0～10(at％),Al-Pd-Mn-Mg-Zn为Al:60～5(at％)、Pd:0～20(at％)、Mg:0～5(at％)、Zn:0～5(at％)。三种系列的准晶态合金均为非热稳定性准晶,其晶化温度约为673～873K左右。     

Al-Cr和Al-Cr-Mn合金系准晶粉末的制备和研究

文中给出了Al-Cr和Al-Cr-Mn合金系准晶粉末的制取方法,同时对准晶粉末的形貌、成分、衍射特征和热稳定性能进行了研究,并且采用计算机对高温衍射数据进行了处理,绘制了准晶动态相变图。结果表明,在Al-Cr和Al-Cr-Mn合金系列之中,合金成分和冷却速度对二十面体相的形成有很大影响,Al_(82)Cr_(18)和Al_(82)(Mn,Cr)_(18)在10~5～10~6K/s的冷却速度下,能够得到几乎完全的二十面体的准晶粉末。在Al-Cr合金中,随着Cr含量的增加,提高了准晶相的热稳定性,添加第三组元Mn,也能提高准晶相的热稳定性。     

Al-Cu-Fe-Pd-Mn和Al-Cr-Pd-Mn系准晶态合金的研究

研究了Al-Cu-Fe-Pd-Mn和Al-Cr-Pd-Mn两种多元系合金的准晶形成规律、准晶态合金的成分范围和准晶的热稳定性。研究结果表明,Al-Cu-Fe-Pd-Mn准晶态合金的成分范围基本上可按如下范围选择构成,Al:60～75(at％),Cu:0～20(at％),Fe:0～15(at％),Pd:0～20(at％),Mn:0～10(at％)。这类多元系准晶是一种热稳定性准晶。Al-Cr-Pd-Mn准晶态合金的成分范围可按如下范围选择构成,Al:65～85(at％),Cr:0～15(at％),Pd:0～20(at％),Mn:0～10(at％)。在Al-Cr-Pd-Mn多元系准晶中,当Cr含量较低时为热稳定性准晶;当Cr含量较高时为非热稳定性准晶。     

热处理非晶态FeSiB粉末的穆斯堡尔谱

把不同温度退火后非晶态Fe76.6Si4.9B18.5粉末的穆斯堡尔谱与未退火时的谱及制备粉末用原料的谱进行对比,发现随退火温度的提高,粉末颗粒的平均内场有些增大,α－Fe晶相也少许增加,即出现偏析现象,。在晶化温度以上退火时,非晶态结构转变为晶态结构,而且α－Fe偏析明显增多,与制备粉末用的合金原料晶态相的各相比较明显不同,这些性质类似于非晶态FeSiB合金薄带样品。     

Al-Mn-Si系合金准晶的研究

本文系统研究了Al-Mn-Si系合金中准晶的形成规律和稳定性。准晶I相在Al20Mn6Si合金附近还为最佳成分区,该区合金成分的准晶I相形成能力最大,稳定性最强。而准晶I相在Al20Mn15Si合金附近,形成能力最小,稳定性最弱。通过对准晶I相晶化温度的分析指出,α(Al)相能降低准晶I相的稳定性。准晶I相存在类似非晶态的驰豫现象,驰豫之后稳定性提高。本文还给出了部分合金准晶I相晶化激活能数据。     

Archimedean-like tiling on decagonal quasicrystalline surfaces

Monolayers on crystalline surfaces often form complex structures with physical and chemical properties that differ strongly from those of their bulk phases. Such hetero-epitactic overlayers are currently used in nanotechnology and understanding their growth mechanism is important for the development of new materials and devices. In comparison with crystals, quasicrystalline surfaces exhibit much larger structural and chemical complexity leading, for example, to unusual frictional, catalytical or optical properties. Deposition of thin films on such substrates can lead to structures that may have typical quasicrystalline properties. Recent experiments have indeed showed 5-fold symmetries in the diffraction pattern of metallic layers adsorbed on quasicrystals. Here we report a real-space investigation of the phase behaviour of a colloidal monolayer interacting with a quasicrystalline decagonal substrate created by interfering five laser beams. We find a pseudomorphic phase that shows both crystalline and quasicrystalline structural properties. It can be described by an archimedean-like tiling consisting of alternating rows of square and triangular tiles. The calculated diffraction pattern of this phase is in agreement with recent observations of copper adsorbed on icosahedral Al(70)Pd(21)Mn(9) surfaces. In addition to establishing a link between archimedean tilings and quasicrystals, our experiments allow us to investigate in real space how single-element monolayers can form commensurate structures on quasicrystalline surfaces.     

大块准晶材料的制备

给出了一种大块准晶材料的制取方法,并且对所得材料的性能进行了研究。采用快速凝固制取几乎完全为二十面体相的准晶粉末,通过爆炸成形得到大块准晶材料。研究结果表明,在Al-Mn,Al-Cr和Al-Mn-Cr合金系列中,调整合金成分和冷却速度能够制得几乎完全为二十面体相的Al_(77.5)Mn_(22.5),Al_(82)Cr_(18)和Al_(78)Mn_(18)Cr_4准晶粉末,经爆炸成形后,所得的大块准晶材料仍然保持其二十面体相结构。     

Thermal oxidation of SiAlON powders synthesized from coal gangue

The oxidation behavior of different SiAlON phases (β-SiAlON, X-phase SiAlON and 12H powders) synthesized from coal gangue in air atmosphere was investigated using isothermal thermogravimetry (TG) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The effect of ferric oxide impurities in coal gangue was studied. The results show that ferric oxide contributes to the growth of SiAlON crystalline during the synthesis process. In the oxidation experiment, the existence of ferric oxide decreases the oxidation resistance of SiAlON. The reason is that the impurity causes the formation of a liquid phase at a higher temperature. At 1423–1623 K, the oxidation of SiAlON powders is diffusion controlled and it can be described by Chou’s model. A fair agreement is found between theoretical calculations and the experimental data.     

纳米YAG粉体的制备与表征

以Y(NO3)3·6H2O、Al( NO3)3·9H2O、Nd(NO3)3·6H2O、NH4HCO3为原料,以乙醇为分散剂,采用共沉淀法制备Nd:YAG前躯体,将前躯体在不同温度下煅烧得到Nd:YAG粉体.分别采用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重/差热分析仪(TG/DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM...     

Preparation of Al-Cu-Fe-(Sn,Si) quasicrystalline bulks by laser multilayer cladding

(Al₆₅Cul₂₀Fe₁₅)_100-x Sn_x (x=0, 12, 20, 30) and Al₅₇Si₁₀Cu₁₈Fe₁₅ powders were cladded on a medium carbon steel (45# steel) substrate by laser multilayer cladding, respectively. The phases and properties of the produced quasicrystalline bulks were investigated. It was found that the main phases in the Al₆₅Cul₂₀Fe₁₅ sample were crystalline λ-Al₁₃Fe₄ and icosahedral quasicrystal together with a small volume fraction of θ-Al₂Cu phase. The volume fraction of icosahedral phase decreased as the Sn content in the (Al₆₅Cul₂₀Fe₁₅)_100-x Sn_x samples increased owing to the formation of β-CuSn phase. The increase of Sn content improved the brittleness of the quasicrystal samples. The morphology of the solidification microstructure in the Al₅₇Si₁₀Cu₁₈Fe₁₅ sample changed from elongated shape to spherical shape due to the addition of Si. The nanohardness of the laser multilayer cladded quasicrystal samples was equal to that of the as-cast sample prepared by vacuum quenching. In terms of hardness, the laser cladded Al₅₇Si₁₀Cu₁₈Fe₁₅ quasicrystalline alloy has the highest value among all the investigated samples.     

低发射率SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体的制备和红外隐身性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备非晶态和结晶态两种相结构的SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体,通过X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等手段对纳米复合粉体结构和形貌进行表征,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪研究纳米复合粉体的红外隐身性能.结果表明：两种相结构的SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体均呈不规则颗粒状,其中结晶态SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体的平均晶粒尺寸约为18 nm；结晶态SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体在2.5~25μm波长范围内的红外发射率均低于非晶态复合粉体,3~5μm内发射率平均值为45.65%,8~14μm内发射率平均值为46.19%,是一种低发射率的红外隐身复合纳米材料.     

热压烧结α-SiC陶瓷基复合材料力学性能的研究

以α-SiC为原始粉体,采用1 800℃热压烧结工艺制备了BAS/SiC复合材料.利用阿基米德排水法、XRD、SEM、三点弯曲和单边切口梁法等分析测试手段研究了复合材料的致密度、物相组成、断口形貌及室温力学性能.实验结果表明,随着BAS含量的增加,复合材料的致密度增大,其相应的力学性能也有很大的提高.而复合材料的物相不受BAS含量的影响,只有六方BAS和α-SiC两相组成.     

过量Na+对(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-LiNbO3无铅压电陶瓷相组成及结构的影响

通过固相反应法预合成0.94(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.06LiNbO3(KNLN6)无铅压电陶瓷粉体。采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜/能谱仪(SEM/EDS)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对KNLN6试样进行性能表征。结果表明:按化学计量配比合成的KNLN6粉体中含有K3Li2Nb5O15(KLN)第二相;Na2CO3摩尔分数过量5%时,可有效地消除第二相KLN,从而获得单一钙钛矿结构的KNLN6粉体,同时,粉体的预烧温度降低了50℃;在1070℃下烧结2 h制备的Na2CO3过量5%的无铅压电陶瓷中,KNLN6晶体具有A位无序的单一正交钙钛矿结构,晶粒呈立方体状,平均尺寸约为10μm。     

四元系铝基准晶体的形成规律和生长形貌的研究

根据作者提出的配制新型多元系准晶的成分加和原则,本文采用急冷和慢冷制得了两种四元系Al-Cu-Fe-Co和Al-Cu-Fe-Mo准晶体。采用X射线衍射、光学金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜以及差热分析,对这两种新系列准晶体的结构、成分以及热稳定性进行了分析,给出了这两类准晶体形成的一般规律。本文还用扫描电子显微镜研究了这两类准晶体的生长形貌。