檀香种子生活力快速测定法

采用四唑染色法、靛蓝染色法以及碘化钾反应法(I-KI)对檀香(Santalum album)种子生活力进行测定,分析了四唑的质量分数、染色温度以及染色时间对檀香种子生活力测定的影响,并将各种不同生活力测定方法的测定结果与发芽试验结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,四唑法测定檀香种子生活力的最佳测定条件为使用质量分数为0.1%的四唑,在40℃染色3 h。四唑的质量分数(p<0.001)、染色温度(p=0.006)以及质量分数和染色温度之间的交互作用(p=0.001)对檀香种子生活力的测定结果均有显著影响。不同的生活力测定方法之间差异显著(p<0.001),其中以四唑法测定结果与发芽率接近,是檀香种子生活力快速测定的理想方法。靛蓝染色法和碘化钾反应法均不适合用作檀香种子生活力的快速测定。     

恒温浸种四唑法速测杉木种子生活力的研究

根据种子四唑（２，３，５—ＴｒｉｐｈｅｎｙｌＴｅｔｒａｚｏｌｉｕｎＣｈｌｏｒｉｄｅ，缩写ＴＴＣ）染色机理，从缩短种子吸胀时间入手，并通过不同的四唑溶液浓度、不同的染色温度，染色时间的试验，首次模索出恒温浸种缩短杉木种子四唑法生活力测定时间的技术。结果表明，这两种条件下测定的杉木种子生活力，与国家标准ＧＢ２７７２—８１《林木种子检验方法》测定结果相吻合，且可缩短测定时间约２／３。     

5种热带林木种子生活力染色最佳条件

通过2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法,探究5种热带林木种子生活力最佳染色条件。结果表明,影响5种热带林木种子染色的主要因素为预处理时间、染色温度与TTC浓度的互作效应、染色温度等。5种林木种子的最佳染色条件不同。榄仁树种子生活力指数较高,受试验条件的影响不大,可选取任意一组试验条件作为最佳染色条件。水黄皮种子的最佳染色条件为:染色温度35℃,TTC浓度1.0%,温水浸泡时间12 h。银合欢种子的最佳染色条件为:染色温度35℃,TTC浓度0.5%,热水浸泡时间96 h。见血封喉种子的最佳染色条件为:染色温度40℃,TTC浓度1.0%,温水浸泡时间36 h。黄槿种子的最佳染色条件为:染色温度30℃,TTC浓度0.5%,硫酸浸泡时间1 h。研究结果可为基于种子生活力筛选天然更新能力较强的海防林树种提供依据。     

野生线叶野豌豆种子特性实验室测定研究

通过对线叶野豌豆种子进行处理,测定种子千粒重、种子生活力、种子发芽率,并采用不同处理方法对种子发芽率进行了研究,结果表明,用浓硫酸浸种取得的效果最佳,最佳的浸种时间为5～15min.     

用红四唑染色法测定种子生活力

种子生活力是指种子潜在的发芽能力,是检验种子质量的重要指标,是种子分级的重要依据,对种子收购、贮运、经销和确定播种量都有重要意义。近年来,我国采用了《国际种子检验规程》中规定的用红四唑染色法测定种子生活力。实践证明,此法具有     

固体醇燃料的研究

提出了制取以硬脂酸为胶凝剂和以甲醇为消烟剂的固体醇燃料的最佳配方和工艺条件。其配方为：乙醇的质量分数为４８％，硬脂酸的质量分数为２．８％，甲醇的质量分数为３９．５％，氢氧化钠的质量分数为量０．４％，水的质量分数为９．３％。其工艺条件是：反应釜的水浴温度为７２℃，机械搅拌转速为１２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ，硬脂酸的溶解时间为１５ｍｉｎ，加入甲醇后的混合时间为３０ｍｉｎ，加入氢氧化钠溶液后的反应与混合时间为４０ｍｉｎ。     

异丙醇溶液对单晶硅太阳能电池表面织构化的影响

对晶向为(100)的p型单晶硅片进行表面刻蚀,制作减反射绒面.在质量分数为3%的氢氧化钠溶液中分别加入不同质量分数的异丙醇溶液,在温度为80℃、时间为40 min的条件下对单晶硅片进行刻蚀.实验结果显示,加入质量分数为8%的异丙醇溶液刻蚀的硅片表面形貌最好,在波长为700～900nm范围内能够获得较低的反射率,最佳反射率为10.42%.保持实验条件不变,在氢氧化钠-异丙醇混合液中分别加入不同质量分数的碳酸钠溶液,对单晶硅片进行刻蚀.实验结果显示,加入质量分数为0.5%的碳酸钠溶液对制作绒面的反射率影响不大,加入质量分数为0.3%的碳酸钠溶液使制作绒面的反射率大大提高,不利于制作绒面的形成.     

4种花生蛋白的分级提取及其结构的扫描电镜观察

以花生粕为原料,采用超声辅助分级提取法研究花生清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的提取工艺,并利用扫描电镜观察其表面结构.研究结果表明,花生清蛋白的较佳提取条件:提取温度为50℃,时间为12 min,料液比为1∶12,提取率为53.59％,清蛋白质量分数为72.14％;花生粕球蛋白较佳提取条件:提取温度为50℃,时间为10 min,NaCl溶液质量浓度为0.4 g/L,料液比为1∶10,提取率为9.03％,球蛋白质量分数为73.20％;花生醇溶蛋白较佳提取条件:乙醇溶液体积分数为70％,提取时间为12 min,料液比为1∶6,提取率为8.62％,醇溶蛋白质量分数为64.28％;花生粕谷蛋白较佳提取条件:提取温度为45℃,时间为15 min,pH值为8,料液比为1∶10,提取率为4.85％,谷蛋白质量分数为68.79％.通过扫描电镜观察,4种花生蛋白表面具有不同的结构.     

濒危植物小花木兰种子初步研究

通过扫描电镜观察小花木兰的种子,发现它的种皮木质化程度较高,种子在自然状态下难于萌发;用四唑染色法检测了保存方法不同的小花木兰(Magnolia sieboldii)种子的生活力,冷湿适宜能使它保持较长时间的活力;对不同处理方法的种子萌发率进行比较分析,沙藏冷湿处理翌年春播萌发率良好;调查了自然条件下的种子库动态后显示:种子在自然状态下散布后损失大;加上种子质量差,自身的结构让它萌发困难,造成了自然条件下小花木兰林下幼苗极其稀少,天然更新不足,使它生存受到严重威胁.     

双频超声强化对三七总皂苷提取的影响

采用双频超声（40kHz／25kHz）技术对三七总皂苷提取进行强化，选择乙醇质量分数、料液比、超声作用时间及提取温度因素进行正交试验，得出影响总三七总皂苷提取率的大小次序先后为：乙醇质量分数〉超声作用时间〉料液比〉提取温度，优选出双频超声提取最佳工艺条件：质量分数为80％的乙醇，超声作用时间为30min，料液比为1：20，提取温度为40℃．在这个最佳条件下试验，三七总皂苷提取率为82．41％．采用碘化钾溶液中碘的释放量来研究超声空化事件。结果表明：在相同的超声电功率下，双频超声释放碘的量远大于单频25kHz超声和单频40kHz超声释放的碘。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.