卡介苗中具启动子活性片段克隆及分析

利用启动子探针型质粒ｐＫＫ２３２－８从卡介苗染色体ＤＡＮ的ＢａｍＨＩ酶切片段中克隆到４个具启动功能的ＤＮＡ片段,测定各重组子对氯霉素（Ｃｍ）的抗性,其中含３．３Ｋｂ外源片段的重组质粒ｐＢＣＧ２大肠杆菌转化子在ＬＭ培养基上对Ｃｍ抗性可达１７０×１０－６ｇ／ｍＬ,作了该片段的限制性酶切图谱．对ｐＢＣＧ２利用ＳａｌⅠ位点,亚克隆出４种部分重叠的具启动功能的ＤＮＡ片段,这４种重组质粒分别命名为ｐＢＣＧ２－１,ｐＢＣＧ２－２,ｐＢＣＧ２－６和ｐＢＣＧ２－８,并分析了其中插入片段的大小及其转化子对Ｃｍ的抗性．将ｐＢＣＧ２－２的ＳａｌⅠ外源片段插入到分枝杆菌启动子探针型穿梭质粒ｐＥＱ３,获得一个可在卡介苗中表达ｌａｃＺ基因的重组子ｐＥＢ２２．斑点杂交实验证明,具有启动功能的ＤＮＡ片段来源于卡介苗的染色体ＤＮＡ．结果表明克隆到一个对大肠杆菌和卡介苗均具启动子活性的ＤＮＡ片段     

丙型肝炎病毒核酸疫苗的研究

从丙型肝炎病人的阳性血清中提取出丙型肝炎病毒ＲＮＡ，通过ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ的方法获得丙型肝炎病毒Ｃ区基因片段。并将此片段克隆到真核细胞表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１（＋），得到重组质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ－ＨＣＶ／Ｃ，再将其通过肌肉注射免疫ＢＡＬＢ／小鼠后，小鼠产生了抗ＨＣＶ／Ｃ区抗体。     

旋毛虫排泄分泌抗原p49基因的克隆

应用ＤＮＡ重组技术将编码旋毛虫肌幼虫４９ＫＤａ抗原的基因克隆于大肠杆菌中．设计特异的ＰＣＲ引物,用ＰＴ－ＰＣＲ技术直接从旋毛虫肌幼虫总ＲＮＡ中反转录并扩增出约１．１Ｋｂ的靶ＤＮＡ．用ＢａｍＨＩ和ＥｃｏＲＩ酶解后将其克隆到质粒载体ｐＵＣ１９中,用Ｘ－ｇａｌ培养基筛选重组子．该重组子经相同的核酸内切酶水解获得约２．７Ｋｂ和１．１Ｋｂ两个片段,分别与ｐＵＣ１９和目的基因的大小相同,目的基因经序列分析并与文献报道的序列比较发现具有９７．８％的同源性．     

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA免疫的初步研究

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增了编码ＨＢＶｓＡｇ的基因序列,将其插入到ｐｃＤＮＡ３载体中,位于人巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）早期启动子下游．重组质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｓＡｇ转染细胞后检测到ＨＢｓＡｇ表达．用纯化后的重组质粒直接注射到ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠骨骼肌内,诱发实验小鼠产生了抗ＨＢｓＡｇ特异性抗体．ＰＣＲ扩增未检测到注射部位及肝脏细胞染色体中有外源ＨＢＶＤＮＡ整合     

Bc1-2 基因加强表达对 OA 诱发的细胞编程死亡的效应

ＯＡ能诱发人神经母细胞瘤ＳＫ细胞进行编程死亡．死亡细胞缩小变圆，细胞质凝聚，ＤＮＡ有控降解成约２００ｂｐ左右的片段，且这一过程可由蛋白质合成抑制剂亚胺环己酮（ＣＨＸ）抑制．将编码Ｂｃ１－２全长蛋白质的ｃＤＮＡ植入ｐＸＪ４１ｎｅｏ载体中，使其表达由ＨＣＭＶ病毒启动子控制．形成的顺义（ｐＢｃｌ－２－Ｓ）及反义（ｐＢｃｌ－２－ＡＳ）表达质粒经转染导入ＳＫ细胞中获得稳定转染子，Ｗｅｓｔ－ｅｒｎ印迹表明顺义转染子表达较大量的２６ｋｄＢｃ１－２蛋白，而反义转染子则不表达．增强表达的Ｂｃ１－２基因产物对ＯＡ引ＳＫ细胞编程死亡无抑制效应．     

乙型肝为病毒（HBV）DNA免疫的初步研究

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增了编码ＨＢＶｓＡｇ的基因序列,将其插入到ｐｃＤＮＡ３载体中,位于人巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）早期启动子下游,重组质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｓＡｇ转染细胞后检测到ＨＢｓＡｇ表达,用纯化后的重组质粒直接注射用ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠骨骼细内,诱发实验小鼠产生了抗ＨＢｓＡｇ特异性抗体,ＰＣＲ扩增未检测到注射部位及肝脏细胞染色体中有外源ＨＢＶＤＮＡ整合。     

人胰岛素原乳腺表达载体的构建

通过ＰＣＲ方法扩增了人胰岛素（ＨＩ）基因１．３４ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段并克隆于ｐＵＣ１８的ＳｍａⅠ位点内。经ＤＮＡ序列分析表明，该片段为ＨＩ基因的氨基酸编码区及３＇端调控区序列。同时，应用ＰＣＲ方法对牛α－乳白蛋白（ＢαＬＡ）基因进行了扩增，得到了０．８４ｋｂＤＮＡ扩增片段。将其克隆于去除了ＥｃｏＲＩ位点的ｐＵＣ１８ＳｍａＩ位点内，经内切酶分析和ＤＮＡ测序证明该片段是ＢαＬＡ基因５＇调控区序列。ＥｃｏＲ     

用PCR扩增和克隆鸡贫血病毒衣壳蛋白VP2基因

接种鸡贫血病毒（ＣＡＶ）Ｃｕｘ－１毒株于ＭＤＣＣ－ＲＰ１细胞中,并用经狄高辛标记的ＣＡＶ衣壳蛋白ＶＰ１基因克隆ＤＮＡ作为探针在斑点杂交中检测和比较了各代细胞中ＣＡＶ ＤＮＡ水平。通过聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）,从ＣＡＶ ＤＮＡ水平较高的ＭＤＣＣ－ＲＰ１细胞基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增出ＣＡＶ衣壳蛋白ＶＰ２基因片段约６５０ｂｐ的编码序列,将该ＰＣＲ扩增的产物于ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＫｐｎＩ位点克隆到ｐＵＣ１９质粒载体中,     

钝齿棒杆菌YL_1基因文库的建立及异亮氨酸基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆表达

以ｐＵＣ１９质粒为载体建立了异亮氨酸产生菌钝齿棒杆菌（Ｃｏｒｙｍｅｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｃｒｅｎａｔｕｍ）ＹＬｌ的基因文库，并通过酶切重组子、斑点杂交得到证实．共筛选５８００个重组子，一个特定ＤＮＡ片断在库中存在的可靠性达９９．９９％．从中克隆重组了带有ｉｌｖＡ基因片断的重组质粒ｐＹＩ９４，转化ＡＨＶ的大肠杆菌ＥＤ８６５４－５，使本来不产Ｉｌｅ的大肠杆菌可以积累Ｉｌｅ１．５ｇ／Ｌ，为进一步高效表达构建工程菌创造了条件．     

人rabl3基因克隆和表达

以人的胚胎ｃＤＮＡ为模板，用ＰＣＲ方法筛选获得ｒａｂ１３基因，并克隆到真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３和原核表达载体ｐＧＥＸ、ｐＥＴ－１５ｂ和ｐＭＡＬ－ｃ２中，把ｒａｂ１３基因转染入牛肾上腺毛细血管内皮细胞（ＢＣＥ细胞）中，免疫荧光染色显示Ｒａｂ１３定位于ＢＣＥ细胞胞质内膜性细胞器上，在为ｒａｂ１３基因对膜通道调节功能的进一步研究打下了基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.