强发射电流反铁电冷阴极材料实验研究

采用固态烧结工艺制备了位于反铁电／铁电相界附近的PbLa（Zr，Sn，Ti）O3（PLZST）反铁电陶瓷样品．通过测定样品在快速单脉冲电压激励下的电子发射特性，得到了激励电压对发射电流的影响规律，发射电流随激励电压增加而增加，当激励电压大于1．5kV时，发射电流趋于饱和．在单脉冲激励下进行电子发射实验，得到如下结果：在激励电压为800V、抽取电压为0V的条件下，发射电流密度为1．27A／cm^2；当抽取电压增加到4kV时，获得了1700A／cm^2的大发射电流密度．     

等静压和温度作用下Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3陶瓷的介电性能研究

对反铁电-铁电相界附近的Nb掺杂Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3陶瓷，采用2GPa等静压装置测试了其在不同等静压力下的介电温度性能，分析了各种介电异常，发现了精细的相变特性，指出随着温度升高，在较低的等静压范围内发生反铁电-铁电-顺电相变，而在较高的等静压范围内发生反铁电-顺电相变，其中，铁电相分为微弱频率弥散的弛豫型铁电相和正常铁电相两个不同的介电性能区域，最后，得到了该组分材料的温度-等静压相图。     

反铁电陶瓷(Pb0.94La0.04)(Zr0.55-xSn0.45Tix)O3的电学性能研究

利用X射线衍射、电滞回线和弱场介电温度谱,研究了(Pb0.94La<0.04)(Zr0.55-xSn0.45Tix)O3(PLZST,0.14≤x≤0.20)陶瓷的相结构和宏观电学性能.结果表明,随着x含量的增加,材料逐渐由反铁电四方相(antiferroelectric tetragonal,AFET)转变为铁电三方相(ferroelectric rhombohedral,FER)和反铁电四方相共存.介电温谱显示,试样的介电常数(ε)在从AFET到顺电(paraelectric,PE)相变中均呈现弥散相变的特征,且随z含量的增加,ε和tanδ值的频率色散现象逐渐增强,这表明所研究的材料由正常反铁电体逐渐向弛豫型反铁电体过渡.最后从多元复杂化合物存在纳米限度组份非均匀的观点出发对其给予了解释.     

3a0．6Sr0．4TiO3／MgO／Mg2SiO4复相陶瓷的制备与介电可调性能

采用标准电子陶瓷工艺，制备了Ba0．6Sr0．4TiO3／MgO／Mg2SiO4复相陶瓷（MgO和Mg2SiO4按相同重量加入），研究了MgO和Mg2SiO4含量对复相陶瓷微观结构、介电性能及介电可调性的影响．结果表明，随着MgO和Mg2SiO4含量的增加，陶瓷的晶粒尺寸略有增大，低频（100kHz）介电常数、介电损耗、介电可调度和介电常数温度系数降低．随着偏置电场的增强，介电常数降低，介电损耗变化不大（均在10^-3量级）．当MaO和Mg2SiO4的百分含量均为30％时，获得了室温介电常数为101．6、介电损耗为0．0017及1．79kV／mm偏置电场下介电可调度为12．19％、介电常数温度系数为0．009℃^-1的介电性能。     

反铁电爆电换能电源研究

为了建立铁电－反铁电相变中释放的电能量与外加作用力场的关系，采用电滞回线、等静压和热释电等方法测量了Pb(Zr,Ti)O3基反铁电材料在电场、温度、压力等外场诱导下的铁电－反铁电相变性能，分析了在电容和电阻负载条件下的电输出特性。实验结果表明：铁电－反铁电相变中的输出功率与材料面电荷量的平方成正比，与实现相变的时间成反比。在此基础上提出了增加输出功率的途径。通过改善材料电滞回线的方直比，可以提高材料面电荷密度和缩短相变时间。     

强发射电流反铁电冷阴极材料的实验研究

采用固态烧结工艺制备了位于反铁电/铁电相界附近的PbLa(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3(PLZST)反铁电陶瓷样品.通过测定样品在快速单脉冲电压激励下的电子发射特性,得到了激励电压对发射电流的影响规律,发射电流随激励电压增加而增加,当激励电压大于1.5 kV时,发射电流趋于饱和.在单脉冲激励下进行电子发射实验,得到如下结果:在激励电压为800 V、抽取电压为0 V的条件下,发射电流密度为1.27 A/cm2;当抽取电压增加到4 kV时,获得了1 700 A/cm2的大发射电流密度.研究结果表明,室温下PLZST的反铁电陶瓷可在较低激励电压下实现电子发射,发射电流密度大,能够工作于4 Pa的低真空环境中.     

PZN基陶瓷超低频介电弛豫的研究

采用线变零起始电压法，对Ｐｂ（Ｚｎ１／３Ｎｂ２／３）Ｏ３基陶瓷样品在－１５０～１６０℃温度范围内的超慢介电弛豫进行了详细测试；并结合普适型弛豫函数进行了实验数据的有效拟合，实现了介电常数从时域向频域的傅利叶转换，从而得到该样品的超低频（１０－５～１０－１Ｈｚ）介电频谱、温谱．观察到该样品的超低频介电温谱在居里温度点１１０℃附近存在扩散相变温区，并且在相变温区以下表现出明显的弛豫弥散现象、用热刺激电流（ＴＳＣ）得到样品的弛豫激活能Ｅ和本征驰豫时间τ０，并对其弛豫极化机制进行了讨论．     

反铁电多层电容器陶瓷材料的研究

研究了反铁电材料用于制造高质量的偏场稳定的多层电容器的途径。对PLZT系统组成8/80/20、9/80/20,12/70/30,13/70/30的介电常数偏场特性,介电常数温度特性进行了测定,并测量了T_c与偏场的关系。实验结果表明,反铁电—顺电相界附近的组成稳定性比反铁电—铁电相界附近的更好。得到了室温ε为2500,tanδ为0.015,直流偏场为4KV/mm时ε变化率<8%,室温至90℃容量变化率<8%的材料。可以用于多层电容器。     

高压电脉冲反铁电调节器的实验研究

基于电场诱导的反铁电相向铁电相转变中伴随有巨大电能量吸收的原理，实验研究了反铁电调节器对高压电脉冲的调节作用．工作电压是幅值为50kV、宽度为3．75μs的方型脉冲电压，反铁电调节器由锆锡钛酸铅反铁电陶瓷组成．实验结果显示，反铁电调节器消除了电脉冲前沿的上冲电压峰，填补了后沿的电压波谷，使电脉冲波形平滑化，从而达到了调节电脉冲波形的目的，测量得到的动态电滞回线结果表明，在上述电脉冲作用下材料发生了反铁电相与铁电相之间的转换。     

Ba_6Ti_2Nb_8O_(30)和Sr_6Ti_2Nb_8O_(30)陶瓷的驰豫铁电性能

作者用固相烧结方法合成了具有充满型钨青铜结构的Ba6Ti2Nb8O30和Sr6Ti2Nb8O30陶瓷.不同频率下Ba6Ti2Nb8O30和Sr6Ti2Nb8O30陶瓷介电常数随温度的变化的规律表明,这两种陶瓷的铁电-顺电相变具有明显的驰豫铁电相变特征,相变弥散指数分别为1.95与1.41.它们在1MHz时的居里温度分别为155℃和160℃,两者的居里温度十分相近.同时,对其介电性能的电场可调性进行了初步研究.当外加电场为2kV/cm、频率为10kHz时,Ba6Ti2Nb8O30和Sr6Ti2Nb8O30陶瓷在铁电-顺电转变温度附近的最大介电常数可调度为2.8%和0.3%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.