超低碳铝镇静钢冶炼过程氮含量的控制

针对企业冶炼超低碳铝镇静钢过程中增氮量高、波动大及控制不稳定的问题,采用工艺数据统计和现场取样的手段,系统梳理了冶炼过程钢液脱氮和增氮的主要环节和影响因素.转炉脱碳期和真空处理是脱氮的主要环节,碳氧期的总脱碳量高则终点氮含量低;转炉底吹N2/Ar切换点在吹炼70%以前对终点氮含量影响不大;VD在无氧条件下脱氮有利,RH则在有氧条件下脱氮有利.控制钢中溶解氧>200×10-6则出钢过程增氮可控制在5×10-6以下;炉料的氮带入是真空精炼环节增氮的重要因素,最高达11×10-6;采用密封垫+吹Ar的保护方式,增氮量最低为1×10-6.     

电流和碳氮的量比对生物电极脱氮速率影响的模拟

研究了脱氮过程中生物膜内的物质运动和反应机理,在已建立的生物电极模型的基础上,对以下3种情况下生物膜内反应物浓度分布以及电流和有机物时脱氮速率的影响进行了研究:只利用水电解产生的氢气作为电子供体;只利用醋酸作为电子供体;氢气和醋酸同时作为电子供体.研究结果表明:增加电流和碳氮的量比都能提高脱氮速率,但只增大电流或碳氮的量比,脱氮速率的提高程度不大,且随着碳氮的量比的增大,出水中硝酸氮浓度不断降低,残留醋酸浓度也随之提高,影响出水水质;当同时通电和添加醋酸时,脱氮速率显著加快;但过大的电流和碳氮的量比反而不利于脱氮的进行,因此,存在碳氮的量比和电流的最佳组合,在此条件下,出水中残留醋酸浓度最低,脱氮速率最高.当碳氮的量比为0.7,电流为100 mA时的脱氮速率比只通电时的脱氮速率增大了约1倍.     

铁水预处理脱钛热力学计算与实验分析

铁水预处理脱钛已被应用到实际生产中,铁水中的硅、锰、碳、磷在脱钛的同时都存在被氧化的可能.热力学计算和热模拟实验表明,铁水温度越低越有利于脱钛反应的进行.脱钛时,铁水中硅含量随钛含量的变化呈正比例下降,锰、磷含量变化与钛含量变化关系不大.铁水中碳的氧化主要受铁水温度影响,温度越高碳越容易氧化.要做到深脱钛,需要控制得到更低的铁水硅含量、更低的铁水温度以及抑制碳的氧化.     

利用合成渣对钢水脱氮的研究

试验研究了CaO-TiO_2-Al_2O_3,CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 及CaO-B_2O_3-SiO_2渣系中TiO_2,Al_2O_3。及B_2O_3 含量对钢水脱氮率的影响。在三个渣系中,随着 TiO_2,Al_2O_3 及B_2O_3 含量的变化,脱氮率有一最大值,其脱氮率可达 55％—65％。钢和渣中氧位愈低,脱氮率愈高。增加渣中碳、铅及钢中铝的含量,可以提高合成渣脱氮效果。     

涟钢RH—MFB精炼过程氮的行为研究

通过对真空钢液脱氮的限制性环节进行分析,结合涟钢RH-MFB实际生产情况,以确定涟钢RH-MFB脱氮的控制性环节及脱氮模型方程,并对影响钢液脱氮的因素进行分析.结果表明,涟钢RH脱氮的控制性环节为氮在液相边界层中的扩散,反应为一级反应;在工作真空度(67 Pa)下保持必要的钢水循环时间,有助于钢液脱氮;在深脱氧之后,钢液中氧的含量对脱氮的影响较小,而钢液中硫的含量一直较低,对脱氮的影响不大;钢液中碳含量的急剧下降带动了脱氮反应的进行,导致脱氮速率较大,当钢液中碳含量稳定后,钢液内的界面反应和吹氩对脱氮起主要作用.     

含氮316L不锈钢氮合金化工艺研究

在常压和真空条件下研究了温度与氮分压对316L不锈钢中氮溶解度的影响,钢中氮的溶解度随着温度的降低而升高,随着氮分压的增大而增大.建立了316L不锈钢氮溶解度热力学计算模型,不同吹氮条件下氮溶解度实测值与热力学模型计算值较吻合.在1773～1873K条件下,生产控氮型316L不锈钢,氮分压要控制在6～28kPa以上;生产中氮型316L不锈钢,氮分压要控制在22～101kPa以上.常压下吹氮10min,钢液含氮量即可超过0.10%.     

氮在Fe-Cr-Mn合金体系中的溶解度计算模型

基于前期的研究成果和规则熔体模型,建立了氮在Fe-Cr-Mn合金体系各相中氮溶解度计算模型.对18Cr-18Mn合金体系的计算结果表明,随着氮分压的增加,氮在各相中的溶解度增加,而且δ铁素体相区逐渐减小甚至消失,因此提高氮分压可避免合金体系在凝固过程中形成气孔.适当提高合金体系中奥氏体形成元素的含量,在合金体系凝固过程中氮溶解度较小的δ相区减小甚至消失,因此可减小氮在其凝固过程中的析出趋势.该模型的计算结果与前人的研究结果吻合得较好.     

镍基高温合金的脱氮与脱硫

研究了采用CaO坩埚真空感应熔炼镍基高温合金过程中脱氮与脱硫行为。发现只用CaO坩埚并不脱硫 ;根据坩埚壁成分分析数据 ,讨论了CaO坩埚脱硫机理 ;加A1对脱氮有利 ,对脱硫具有重要的作用 ,加Ti则对脱氮有明显不利影响 ;计算了不同真空度及加A1和Ti条件下Ni- 6Cr- 5Co - 2Mo- 6W合金在 1 60 0℃时氮的溶解度 ;提高熔炼真空度是促进脱氮的有力措施。     

不锈钢熔体中氮溶解度的热力学计算模型

在实验研究和前人研究工作的基础上,建立了一个新的不锈钢熔体中氮溶解度与体系温度、氮分压和合金成分的热力学计算模型,在该模型中引入了氮分压对氮活度系数的作用系数.该模型的计算结果与实验值吻合很好.基于该模型的计算结果,讨论了氮分压、温度、合金成分对不锈钢熔体中氮溶解度的影响规律.在压力较高(大于0.1 MPa)特别是合金元素较高的不锈钢熔体中,氮分压与氮的溶解度关系不符合Sievert定律.在一定氮分压下,温度对不锈钢熔体中氮溶解度的影响取决于合金体系的化学成分.在常压(氮分压为0.1 MPa)下,20%Cr-20%Mn的合金体系在1 873 K可获得氮质量分数为0.8%的高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢.     

焦化柴油络合脱氮剂的脱氮性能评价

以大庆焦化柴油为原料,进行了焦化柴油络合脱氮剂的研究.考察了剂油比、反应温度、反应时间、沉降时间等工艺条件对脱氮效果的影响,确定了最佳脱氮工艺条件.利用络合脱氮-加氢精制组合工艺,在温度360℃、压力6.0 MPa、空速1.5 h-1、氢油比800:1及相同的加氢精制催化剂的条件下,以焦化柴油及其脱氮油为原料进行了对比...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.