腰果酚醛胺聚合物的制备及其性能测试

采用溶液缩聚法,以碱为催化剂,由腰果酚、甲醛分别与乙二胺、二乙撑三胺、已二胺制备腰果酚醛胺聚合物,并通过元素分析(EA)、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和热分析系统(DSC-TG)等对所制备的聚合物进行结构表征与性能测试.结果表明:该缩聚物分子结构中含有-OH,-NH-,-NH2等功能基;同时,腰果酚醛胺聚合物具有优良的固化成膜性、物理机械性能、耐化学介质性能和热稳定性,以及能与环氧树脂进行固化交联和吸附重金属离子的性能.     

腰果酚衍生物的合成及应用研究进展

本文从官能团改性方面,综述了近几年国内外腰果酚衍生物的化学合成及在材料与精细化学品中的潜在应用,其中包括腰果酚酚羟基、腰果酚苯环及腰果酚侧链的改性.     

腰果酚/氨基树脂烘漆的制备及性能研究

以腰果酚为原料,六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺为交联剂,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂制备了无溶剂型腰果酚/氨基树脂烘漆.用IR、UV、元素分析等手段对产物的结构和理化性能进行表征.讨论了腰果酚与六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺的质量比、催化剂用量、固化温度和固化时间对产物涂膜物理机械性能的影响.结果表明,腰果酚的酚羟基与六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺的甲氧基甲基发生醚交换反应,然后进一步聚合成为高聚物.当腰果酚与六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺的质量比为4∶1,催化剂用量1%,固化温度140℃,固化时间2 h时,制得的腰果酚/氨基树脂的附着力2级、硬度4 H、耐冲击性50 cm、光泽106%、柔韧性1 mm.     

高性能环保型木质素基酚醛胶粘剂的制备

采用酚化技术制备了低成本和低游离酚、醛的木质素基酚醛胶粘剂(LPF).利用单因素实验法,探讨了加料方式对传统酚醛树脂(PF)胶粘剂游离酚、醛的影响;实验考察了酚化木质素以及用木质素酚化产物代替苯酚制备LPF胶的影响因素,优化得到高性能环保型LPF的配方工艺;并采用红外光谱测试了木质素在酸催化条件下酚化改性后的结构变化.结果表明,木质素分子在酚化条件下发生降解,通过酚化反应羟基含量显著提高,并产生了新的具有不同取代基的苯环结构;以苯酚为液化试剂,用浓盐酸作催化剂、浓盐酸用量为3%、液化温度为120℃、液化时间为10min、酚木比为2:1,酚化得到的木质素酚化液,在酚醛比为1:1.8时,甲醛分3次加入、碱液分2次加入,制备得到的LPF具有比传统PF更低的游离酚、醛含量、优异的胶合性能和储存稳定性.     

环氧缩丙三醇铁聚合物的制备及其涂膜性能

为提高环氧树脂(EP)的性能,以丙三醇(GL)改性EP,制得环氧缩丙三醇(EPL),再用三氯化铁改性,制得环氧缩丙三醇铁聚合物(EPL-Fe);并考察了反应时间、反应温度、投料比等因素对反应的影响,确定了EPL-Fe的最优制备条件.红外光谱(FTIR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)分析结果表明,EPL分子中醇羟基与Fe3+发生配位反应,分子链间进一步交联成EPL-Fe聚合物.另外,热作用下EPL-Fe易干燥成膜,该涂膜的力学性能、耐热性、抗化学介质性能尤其是耐酸、耐水性较EPL涂膜大为改善.     

端羟基聚苯乙烯改性UVWPU涂料制备与性能研究

以异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚四氢呋喃(PTMEG)和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为主要原料,通过自制端羟基聚苯乙烯作为扩链剂,在紫外光固化水性聚氨酯(UVWPU)结构中引入刚性苯环基团来提高涂膜的耐热性及硬度,产物结构通过FT-IR来证实.同时研究了DMPA的用量、扩链参数以及端羟基聚苯乙烯改性对于乳液稳定性和涂膜性能的影响.结果表明,DMPA用量6%后,乳液的储存稳定期在6个月以上,扩链参数1.35时,涂膜外观及其涂膜性能较好;经端羟基聚苯乙烯扩链改性后的UV固化膜在5%和10%失重温度分别为245℃和282℃时,较改性前提高了32℃和27℃,涂膜的附着力、铅笔硬度均得到了提高.     

低氟改性氟涂料的研究

研制了一种低氟改性氟树脂涂料,并用XPS(X射线光电子仪)检测了树脂成膜后含氟成分的分布情况,测量了涂膜与纯水的接触角,以及涂膜的耐蚀性能．实验结果表明：氟树脂成膜时产生了较大趋向作用,含氟基团向空气／聚合物界面伸展,对聚合物内部分子形成很好的保护作用;低氟改性氟树脂涂料具有优异的表面性能和耐蚀性能。     

钴、锰改性方法对酚醛炭泡沫除SO_2/NO的影响

研究金属Mn,Co的不同改性方法对酚醛活性炭泡沫表面物理结构、化学性质,以及脱硫脱硝效率的影响.以MnCl2,CoCl2为改性剂,采用内、外两种改性法对酚醛炭泡沫进行金属负载改性,并进行模拟烟气脱硫脱硝的实验.实验结果表明:经CoCl2内、外改性样品的脱硫效率较未改性样品(CF0)分别提高了22.9%,8.2%,脱硝效率提高了58.6%,134%;经MnCl2内、外改性样品的脱硫效率分别提高了4.5%,3.1%,脱硝效率提高了79.3%,10.3%.因此,内改性有利于酚醛活性炭泡沫脱硫脱硝,其中CFCo-n脱硫脱硝效果最佳.     

钼改性高邻位酚醛纤维的制备及性能

通过正交试验得出钼改性高邻位酚醛树脂(o-MoPR)的最佳合成工艺参数,并制得了重均分子质量为4 255g/mol的o-MoPR,采用熔融纺丝进一步交联处理制得了钼改性高邻位酚醛纤维(oMoPF).对制得的钼改性高邻位酚醛树脂及其纤维进行了结构性能表征,发现钼元素已连接到酚醛树脂的分子链中.研究获得了熔融纺丝初生酚醛纤维的最佳交联浴升温速率为25℃/h,最佳热处理温度为170℃.研究发现钼改性和高邻位化可使酚醛纤维的力学性能和热性能得到较大提高.o-MoPF的拉伸强度比常规酚醛纤维(PF)提升了21 MPa,达到了185 MPa,o-MoPF在N2气氛中的初始分解温度达到535℃,800℃残余质量分数为78%,分别比PF提高了123℃和33%.     

聚氨酯改性酚醛泡沫塑料

以聚氨酯预聚物作为改性剂加入到酚醛树脂中,再与其他助剂复合发泡制成酚醛泡沫塑料.讨论了预聚物加入量对酚醛泡沫掉渣程度、压缩强度、弯曲强度、热稳定性及临界氧指数等性能的影响,并对改性泡沫的形态结构进行了研究.结果表明,预聚物加入3%(相对酚醛树脂质量)时,改性泡沫的掉渣程度与纯酚醛泡沫相比减少22.5%,加入13%时可减少65.3%,且泡沫断面致密均匀、光滑无沫、有回弹性;预聚物加入量小于8%时,压缩强度与相应容重的纯酚醛泡沫类似,但大于8%时明显提高;弯曲强度与同容重酚醛泡沫相比略有下降;热稳定性、氧指数等性能基本不变;相差显微镜图片证明了改性泡沫体内形成了交联网络.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to