一种二硫化钨高温润滑脂的研制与性能研究

以新型润滑材料二硫化钨超细粉末(粒度为0.5μm)作为添加剂,研制出一种二硫化钨高温润滑脂.经测试,这种润滑脂具有高滴点、高油膜强度、低摩擦系数等良好的摩擦磨损特性.同时对二硫化钨超细粉末作为高温润滑脂添加剂的抗磨减摩机理作了初步分析.     

纳米二硫化钨在绿色润滑油中的应用与机理研究

为解决绿色润滑油在高温下易氧化而失去其良好抗磨损性能这一难题,将纳米二硫化钨在超声波作用下经表面改性后应用于绿色润滑油中.通过四球摩擦试验机测定其摩擦学性能,结果表明纳米二硫化钨可以明显提高基础油的减摩性能和极压抗磨性能,并使基础油即使在被高温氧化的情况下仍能保持良好的抗磨损性能;采用PH1550EACA/SAM多功能电子能谱仪及其附带的离子溅射技术对磨斑表面进行俄歇电子能谱分析和深度剖析,结果表明纳米二硫化钨的片层状结构和其在摩擦表面形成的吸附膜及FeS膜能显著降低摩擦副表面间的磨损;最后试制了一种含纳米二硫化钨的全配方绿色发动机油,与国外品牌发动机油进行对比研究后,发现该种发动机油具有比国外品牌发动机油更加优良的抗磨、减摩、极压性能和粘温特性.     

基于二羟基硬脂酸的锂基润滑脂性能

探讨基础油和稠化剂对锂基润滑脂性能的影响.采用自制的9,10-二羟基硬脂酸作为稠化剂脂肪酸原料,分别选用不同基础油以及不同的稠化剂混配比例制备锂基润滑脂,并对所制锂基润滑脂的稠度、高温性、胶体安定性以及流变性能等进行评定.结果表明,矿物油MVI 500与合成油偏苯三酸酯按一定比例混配后,所制锂基润滑脂有较好的性能;9,10-二羟基硬脂酸与12-羟基硬脂酸混配后所制锂基润滑脂的性能较单一脂肪酸原料所制润滑脂的性能差.在选择适当基础油的同时,9,10-二羟基硬脂酸所制锂基润滑脂性能有一定提升.     

锂基润滑脂流变特性

利用剪切流变试验和改进的广义Leider-Bird模型研究锂基润滑脂的瞬态应力响应,分析了锂基润滑脂的弹性特性与皂基浓度和基础油黏度的关系。讨论了锂基润滑脂的瞬态剪切流变行为、皂基浓度和基础油黏度对润滑脂流变特性的影响规律,得到了"屈服"能量密度与摩擦因数的关系。研究结果表明:改进的Leider-Bird流变模型提高了数据拟合的精度,更好地描述了锂基润滑脂的流变特性。     

高温高压下一些层状硫化物的合成

在４．０×１０９Ｐａ，１０２５℃条件下合成三硫化铌、二硫化钨和二硫化钼。高压合成是伴随扩散的动态过程，压力对反应动力学有较大影响，明显缩短了反应时间。高温高压合成的三硫化铌属单斜晶系，二硫化钨、二硫化钼属六方晶系。     

抗氧剂对以α-磷酸锆作为固体润滑剂的锂基脂摩擦学性能影响

以α-ZrP为固体润滑剂,分别以2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)和二苯胺(DPA)为抗氧剂,制备了锂基润滑脂。分别采用SRV高频线性往复摩擦磨损试验机和四球机摩擦磨损试验机考察了这两种抗氧剂对α-ZrP锂基脂摩擦磨损性能的影响,用3D白光干涉仪、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)观察并分析了磨痕表面形貌和主要元素。结果表明,当复配抗氧剂质量分数为1.0%时,α-ZrP锂基脂在保持减摩性能稳定的同时,抗磨性能得到明显提升,有效地延长了润滑脂寿命。     

碳化物--钢接触中边界润滑与极压剂和抗磨剂的相互作用结果

对在油基型切削油中的钙和钠过碱性磺酸盐与硫化烯烃复合后作为抗磨剂和极压剂进行了考察。为了比较不同添加剂混合物的摩擦与磨损，用一种高温销钉-圆盘实验机在钨碳化物(球)与100Cr6钢(盘)相接触的条件下再现出一种边界润滑特征。过碱性磺酸盐和硫化烯烃相互作用的结果在试验中被明显地测试出来。为了更好的理解润滑机理，X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和俄歇光谱(Auger spectroscopy)被用来进行样品(钢盘)表面分析，磨损痕迹则用离子浸蚀法所获得的化学组成做进一步的分析。边界层显示出厚的碱金属富集层和(或者)富硫摩擦膜，这取决于润滑剂的调合试验。在结论中，突出了摩擦结果和X射线光电子能谱／俄歇光谱数据间的关系，提出了在同一种油品中筛选添加剂混合物的方法。     

齿轮油添加剂复合配伍性的研究

用四球机测定了两种或三种添加剂复合时的极压抗磨性。表明硫化烯烃和防锈剂或磷氮剂复合时磨斑直径变小,磷氮剂和防锈剂复合时磨斑直径变大。三种添加剂复合时对磨斑直径的影响次序为硫化烯烃>磷氮剂>防锈剂,对最大无卡咬负荷的影响次序为防锈剂>硫化烯烃>磷氮剂。用IR、~(31)PNMR和AES方法研究了添加剂之间的相互作用和摩擦表面膜的元素组成,发现硫化烯烃和磷氮剂复合时,可形成一种具有良好极压抗磨性能的协合物,三种添加剂复合时可形成含硫富磷的摩擦表面膜,它们具有良好的极压抗磨性能。     

镁固态电池

以层状结构的三硫化铌、二硫化钼、二硫化钨、五氧化二钒作为阴极材料，镁改型蒙脱石作为固体电解质，镁片作为阳极组装成镁固态电池。电池的开路电压在１．８６～２．１０Ｖ。电池以５０μＡ电流进行恒电流放、充电循环。讨论了不同次微结构蒙脱石固体电解质及复合阴极组份对电池性能影响。     

二硫化钨高压合成与其高价离子固态二次电池

在高温高压条件下合成了层状结构的二硫化钨，分析了其结构，用其作阴极材料研究了全固态镁、锌／二硫化钨固态二次电池。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.