铁路隧道施工过程中的监控量测

随着我国铁路建设的大规模进行以及新奥法在隧道工程的应用及发展,监控量测作为新奥法的组成部分发挥着重要的作用。依托兰渝线下阿阳隧道施工中的监控量测项目,简单分析了典型地段隧道净空变化、拱顶下沉和地表沉降的量测数据,通过信息的及时、准确反馈,保证了该隧道进口掘进施工安全、平稳的进行。     

基于无线传感的物联网在隧道施工监测中的应用

隧道工程所处地质条件复杂多变,施工中易发生各类工程事故,严重威胁施工与运营期间人员生命与财产安全。加强施工期间的监控量测,对保证隧道工程能否安全经济的完成具有重要的意义。为研究隧道施工过程中监控量测所面临的频率不足、费时费工等问题,采用物联网基础理论与技术,分析了物联网技术与隧道施工之间的契合度关系,利用现有物联网技术体系所拥有的全面感知,可靠传输与智能辅助技术,提出基于物联网的隧道施工监控量测技术,并成功应用于大宝山隧道工程。基于物联网技术的隧道施工监控量测技术能够对隧道工程的设计与施工提供足够的信息指导与反馈,与隧道施工区作业安全与质量管理契合度较高,充分实现施工过程智能化、信息化,起到科学有效的监控和预警作用,并且降低了整个工程的工程造价,具有一定的工程价值。     

监控量测技术在隧道施工中的应用

监控量测技术是隧道工程安全施工的一项重要保证措施，通过施工现场监测可以掌握固岩的动态变化，指导施工过程顺利进行，本文阐述了监控量测的目的、意义、内容及其实施的方法，并在此基础上指出应如何做好监控量测工作。     

梅花山隧道新奥法施工围岩变形监测研究

监控量测是隧道新奥法施工的重要组成要素之一。基于梅花山隧道新奥法施工实际,对该隧道监控量测方案进行了设计,结合隧道围岩变形典型代表性断面监测数据,进行数学回归分析;采用速率和累计位移双重控制标准探讨了梅花山隧道围岩二次衬砌合理施作时机,以确保隧道施工安全。     

浅谈TANAFINIT水工隧道监控量测技术

摩洛哥王国OUM-RRR,BIA水电整治项目TANAFINIT水工隧道因其开挖断面小、围岩类型变化大,给隧道施工带来很大的困难。为保证整个工程按时、安全完成,我们在施工中引入测量监控技术,测量监控是新奥法隧道施工的特征之一,采用此技术可有效掌握隧道施工中围岩动态变化过程,通过对监控数据的回归分析可以全面预测围岩的实时位移、沉降,进而准确地指导隧道在施工中采用相应的开挖及支护方法,同时对围岩和支护在施工过程中的力学动态及稳定程度得以最大程度的准确预测,为保证施工安全、调整掘进进尺和施工作业方法的选择提供了可靠信息依据。本文拟以某较破碎段地质围岩类型为例,探讨了采用监控量测技术在隧道施工中的实施及应用,说明隧道监控量测对施工过程的重要影响。     

监控量测技术在乔庄隧道中的应用

通过对隧道进行监控量测,可预测预报围岩变化,优化设计和指导施工,确保隧道施工安全,使工程投资经济合理.对济邵高速公路乔庄隧道的拱项下沉、水平收敛、地表沉降、喷层应力、钢拱架应力等多项涉及围岩稳定性及支护合理与否的参数进行跟踪量测.量测结果表明:隧道开挖及初期支护30d左右,围岩基本上趋于稳定,应按照规范要求及时施作二次衬砌:隧道洞口的地表基本没有沉降,说明浅埋段采用管棚注浆技术是适宜的.通过采取有效的监控措施,及时的指导施工和修改设计,成功避免了施工中重大安全事故的发生,确保了隧道施工安全和质量,对隧道施工具有指导意义.     

监控量测在鲁竹坝2#隧道施工中的应用

介绍在铁路隧道施工过程中,应用隧道监控量测技术,为设计和施工提供及时正确的量测信息,确定设计及修正参数,使施工进入动态管理,及时、正确决策,确保施工安全。     

新建蒙华铁路隧道施工监控量测监理工作控制要点分析

为保障隧道施工安全,充分发挥监控量测在指导隧道现场施工、为动态设计提供参考等方面的作用,蒙华公司对现场监控量测工作及管理方面进行了一些改革和创新。通过蒙华铁路隧道监控量测的现场监理工作实践,对隧道施工监控量测的监测准备工作、监测断面和监测点的布设、数据监测、监测值的管理、监测等级管理、预警信息处置及关闭等方面的监理工作控制要点进行了详细阐述。同时介绍了在监控量测实施过程中,监理单位应该采取的监控手段及监理工作方法。     

隧道监测系统研究现状及其发展趋势

信息化施工是隧道安全施工的重要思想,其中数据采集和信息管理是实现信息化施工的主要内容,也是隧道监测系统的核心部分.现场监控量测是数据获取的主要方式,阐述了其作用、内容、使用的仪器及在工程中的应用.根据监测数据管理及处理方式的不同,把信息管理大致分为传统的监测数据管理和监测数据分析处理信息系统管理2种,并分别描述了它们各自的特点.最后对于险情预报标准的研究现状也作了简要的阐述,指出了隧道监测系统的不足及其发展趋势.     

灰色Verhulst模型在隧道拱顶沉降预测中的应用

隧道施工中,受各种不确定因素的影响,隧道围岩变形特征极其复杂。因而必须通过对现场监测数据的处理和分析,及时了解围岩动态,确定合理的支护时间。对围岩变形监测数据的处理有很多方法,但是由于数据本身的贫乏性、不确定性,对以后的预测很难达到理想的效果。灰色系统理论特有的处理“小样本、贫信息、不确定“问题的特点使得其在这个领域应用具有一定的优势。本文以某高速公路隧道为例,通过引入灰色系统理论,利用Verhulst模型对拱顶沉降量进行了预测,为类似工程提供了参考和借鉴。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-