基于近邻传播的时间序列基因表达谱聚类算法

聚类是识别基因表达数据蕴含的关键基因调控模块的一种有效方法,基因表达谱的相似性度量是聚类的关键问题.然而,一般的相似性度量方法不能刻画时间序列基因表达谱数据所蕴含的时间延迟、反向相关和局部相关等复杂的基因调控关系.针对时间序列基因表达谱数据,提出一种基于近邻传播和动态规划的相似性度量方法和聚类算法.在大鼠再生肝细胞基因表达谱数据集上的聚类结果与基因功能富集分析结果高度一致,证明算法在时间序列基因表达谱数据聚类上的有效性.     

软件成本数据的相似性度量

软件成本数据常常表现为高维混合属性数据,传统的相似性度量已不再适用.文中通过建立软件成本数据的高维模糊C均值(FCM)聚类算法对数据相似性进行度量.首先,定义由序数属性到数值属性的初始映射;然后,通过建立改进的迭代高维FCM聚类算法对序数 数值映射进行修正,优化聚类效果;最后,利用得到的模糊划分矩阵对软件成本数据的相似性进行度量.实验结果表明,通过对聚类效果进行优化,文中定义的相似性度量能够提高软件成本估算精度.     

基于核心点的大数据谱聚类算法

针对谱聚类性能优异但因计算复杂度太高而无法应用于大数据的问题,提出一种将谱聚类应用于大数据的新算法.首先,基于数据相似性与随机抽样选取核心点集,并利用核心集对大数据分组;然后在核心集上应用谱聚类;最后综合核心集的聚类结果和数据的分组信息完成大数据聚类.该算法既将谱聚类推广到大数据,又通过核心点选取降低了噪声及异常数据的影响.实验充分验证了推广后的谱聚类应用于大数据的高效性.     

基于数据集属性相似性的聚类算法推荐

由No Free Lunch理论可知,没有一种聚类算法可完美的解决所有问题.算法推荐是解决此问题的一种有效手段,其核心是数据集相似性的度量.因此提出了一种计算数据集相似性的新方法,通过提取能揭示数据集内在分布和结构的几种属性,然后计算数据集几个属性间的距离,从而得到相似性的度量.首先选择了统计特征向量和二值化向量,然后对数据集进行划分,并计算划分中点到中心点的距离和点对之间的robust path-based距离得到数据集的紧凑性和连接性.再通过BP网络训练得到4个属性的参数,进而得到了数据集的相似性度量.选择8种人工数据集和8种UCI上的数据集建立数据集库,并选择了7种具有代表性的聚类算法组成算法库.选择UCI上的部分数据集进行实验,结果表明本文提出的方法有较好的效果.     

不完整数据的聚类研究

数据采集过程中存在大量缺失数据,即不完整数据.传统方法在聚类不完整数据时采用填充或丢弃缺失数据方式实现数据的聚类.依据不完整信息系统理论提出一种基于K-means的不完整数据聚类算法,算法首先将数据集划分成完整数据集和非完整数据集两部分,对完整数据集采用K-means算法进行聚类,然后将不完整数据依据设计的相似度度量方法划分到对应的簇中,实现数据集的聚类.实验结果表明,提出的方法能够高效、精确地实现不完整数据聚类.     

基于张量距离的高阶近邻传播聚类算法

近邻传播算法(AP)不需要事先指定聚类数目,在程序运行过程中,能够自动识别聚类中心及聚类数目。在同一批数据集上,AP算法聚类结果稳定,鲁棒性好。除此之外,AP聚类算法可以采用多种距离度量方式,聚类结果精确。针对近邻传播算法(AP)不能对异构数据进行聚类的问题,提出一种基于张量距离的高阶AP聚类算法。该算法首先利用张量表示异构数据对象,然后将张量距离引入AP聚类算法,用来度量异构数据对象在张量空间的相似度。张量距离的引入,不但能够度量异构数据对象在数值上的差异,同时能够度量异构数据对象在高阶空间中位置的差异性,有效的捕捉异构数据对象的分布特征。实验结果表示,提出的高阶AP算法能够有效的对异构数据对象进行聚类。     

一种动态时间弯曲距离的时延调控基因相似度量聚类方法

针对传统的基于距离/相关系数的相似性度量方法无法有效度量基因间的时延表达特性,为了更加准确地刻画基因间的共调控关系,提出一种基于动态时间弯曲距离(DTW)的相似性度量方法,并结合可指定类数的仿射传播聚类算法进行聚类.将该算法用于人工合成数据和真实的酵母基因数据集,实验结果表明,相对于其它经典聚类算法,本文所提算法能得到更好的聚类结果.     

基于互信息与贝叶斯信念网络的关系层次距离混合聚类算法

聚类是数据挖掘中重要的功能算法,其主要的功能是发现数据中潜在的知识.目前文献发表的聚类算法多数仅限于处理单一数值型数据或者分类型数据,其主要原因是含有多种类型的混合型数据间的相似性很难度量.本文提出了一种混合数据相似性度量方法:对于分类型属性,利用互信息构建贝叶斯信念网络,利用贝叶斯信念网络构建关系层次,继而为层次附上距离,形成关系层次距离,而对于数值型属性则利用标准化的曼哈顿距离来度量其相似性,最后结合分类型属性与数值型属性来对整个数据集进行相似性的度量.在此基础上,设计实现了用于混合型数据聚类算法CRHD,并通过UCI中的多个数据集和已有算法进行仿真实验对比,证明了CRHD算法的有效性.     

一种基于抽样的谱聚类集成算法

谱聚类是利用样本数据集的相似性矩阵中特征向量的性质对样本数据集进行聚类.而随着数据规模的增加,谱聚类算法所耗时间会因为大规模的特征分解而明显增大.采用抽样方法可以有效降低算法所耗时间,但是简单随机抽样子集之间关联性太弱,通常无法准确反映数据集的分布特征.基于此,设计了一种新的抽样策略,利用该方法进行多次抽样,生成多个既具有关联性又具有差异性的数据子集.在每个数据子集上分别利用NJW算法(由Ng A Y、Jordom M I和Weiss Y提出)进行谱聚类,并根据最近邻原则将聚类结果映射到全体数据集,生成若干基聚类,最后,将聚类结果集成,得到最终的聚类划分.实验证明,该方法与传统NJW算法以及简单抽样集成算法相比,算法的效率及有效性有了一定的提高.     

基于全局空间相似性的模糊聚类算法

用传统模糊C均值聚类算法分割图像时,类内数据空间分布离散．针对这一问题,提出一种基于全局空间相似性模糊聚类算法．算法建立全局空间相似性度量标准和全局灰度相似性度量标准,分别计算图像中任意一点与聚类中心点的空间相似性和灰度相似性;通过调整参数来控制两种特征在节点间差异计算中所占的比重,增强了分割结果中类内数据样本空间分布...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.