PGA与PLA纤维性能分析及其支架设计

对聚乙交酯纤维和聚丙交酯纤维进行体外降解和细胞接种试验,研究两种纤维的体外降解行为,观察细胞在两种纤维上的黏附情况。研究结果表明:聚乙交酯纤维适合细胞的黏附和增殖,但是其降解速度较快;而聚丙交酯纤维的降解速率较慢,但是细胞在纤维上的黏附和增殖情况较差。根据两种纤维的特性,设计了一种具有皮芯结构的新型纤维基组织工程肌腱支架,既能为细胞黏附提供场所,还能在降解中承担一定的力学载荷。     

PGA,PLA,PGLA碱处理改性及降解性能

采用NaOH对聚乙交酯(polyglycolic acid,PGA)、聚丙交酯(polylactic acid,PLA)及聚乙交酯丙交酯(poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide),PGLA)纤维进行处理.将一定量的试样纤维置于温度为37℃和pH值为7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中进行3周的体外降解试验.通过测定纤维熔点、接触角、质量损失、强力损失以及纤维表面形态,对PGA,PLA及PGLA纤维碱处理后的热力学降解性能进行研究探讨.研究表明,碱处理后PLA的熔点略有升高,PGA和PGLA的熔点略有降低,3种纤维的水接触角、质量和强力减小;降解过程中PGA和PGLA的质量损失和强力损失显著,而PLA变化很小.     

氨水改性对PGA/PLGA编织型输尿管支架管降解性能的影响

将聚乙交酯(PGA)和聚丙交酯乙交酯(PLGA)复丝在32锭编织机进行带芯编织后,经热定型处理得到编织型输尿管支架管,再对支架管进行氨水浸渍处理,得到改性PGA/PLGA输尿管支架管试样.将支架管试样置于人工尿液中,在温度为37℃、转速为60r/min恒温摇床中进行为期5星期的降解试验.通过测定降解过程中支架管拉伸强度和模量、压缩强度和模量、纤维表面形态、质量损失率,对支架管降解性能进行探讨.研究结果表明:支架管结构中膜结构的降解速度快于纤维结构;降解过程中经氨水处理的支架管的质量损失率大于未经氨水处理的支架管,经氨水处理支架管降解速率较快.     

热定型对PGA单丝、编织线及其肌腱支架力学性能的影响

利用正交试验,研究了热定型工艺(温度、时间、热定型方式)对聚乙交酯(PGA)单丝及编织线力学性能的影响,并将经过热定型(55℃、拉伸定型5min)和未经热定型的PGA肌腱支架增强体置于温度为37℃、pH值为7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液中进行4星期的体外降解试验.研究结果表明:热定型温度和时间对PGA单丝及编织线力学性能影响较大.对于PGA单丝及编织线,当热定型温度为40~60℃、时间为3~5 min、采用拉伸定型方式时,其力学性能较好;体外降解试验表明,经过热定型的PGA肌腱支架增强体的力学性能优于未经热定型的肌腱支架增强体.     

热处理对“纤-膜”结构输尿管支架管降解行为的影响

采用3种热工艺处理聚乙交酯(PGA)和聚乙交酯丙交酯(PGLA)纤维编织成的支架管,形成"纤-膜"及全纤维结构输尿管支架管,于人体尿液和模拟尿液环境中进行降解试验,并对降解过程中支架管的力学性能和外观形态进行评价.试验结果表明:支架管降解随热处理温度的升高而加快;高温热处理可加大双组分物化性能差异,实现分步降解的效果;高温热处理支架管中膜组分在两种尿液环境中以不同速度碎裂,与纤维组分的降解形式有差异;压缩曲线反映"纤-膜"支架管中膜组分的降解程度,而拉伸过程中前后段的曲线则分别反映膜组分碎裂程度及纤维组分的拉伸性能.     

PLGA多孔支架降解与成骨细胞相互作用的影响

研究聚丙交酯-乙交酯(PLGA)多孔支架降解和大鼠股骨成骨细胞生理活性之间的相互影响.将大鼠股骨成骨细胞接种于PLGA多孔支架上,观察4周降解时间内成骨细胞增殖活性、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性和钙浓度的变化以及PLGA相对分子质量损失、拉伸性能和压缩性能的变化.实验结果表明,支架降解初期,成骨细胞增殖活性较高,ALP活性和分泌钙的浓度较低;支架降解中后期,细胞增殖速度明显减慢,ALP活性和分泌钙的浓度明显下降.接种有细胞的支架降解过程中相对分子质量减小的速度快于对照组,力学拉伸强度和压缩杨氏模量低于对照组.支架材料中后期降解对细胞产生的影响大于降解初期,细胞附着于支架的生理活动加快了支架降解速度.     

4种含RGD的短肽对细胞粘附作用的影响

从两方面对比研究了4种含Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD)的细胞粘附肽RGD,RGDS,RGD-(NH₂)₂即RGE-NH_{2和RGDS-NH2对细胞粘附的影响. 一方面研究了固定在聚乙交酯丙交酯共聚物（PLGA）膜上的4种细胞粘附肽通过其细胞定向作用对大肠癌细胞（HCT-8）和人成骨肉瘤细胞（OS732）细胞粘附性 的促进作用; 另一方面研究了外源性细胞粘附肽对HCT-8和OS732在纤维连接蛋白（FN）上粘附的竞争性抑制作用. 结果发现,除了RGD-(NH2)2,其他3种肽都具有明显抑制细胞粘附的作用且具有一定的浓度依赖关系,其中以RGDS和RGDS-NH2的能力最强,RGD稍弱. 对于HCT-8细胞,3种肽的最大抑制率分别为53.3%, 56.3%,37.5%;而对OS732细胞,3种肽的最大抑制率分别为50.9%,49.8%,34%.}     

可降解聚乙交酯及其共聚物的研究进展

聚乙交酯是一种具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性的高分子材料,具有较高的力学性能,其力学性能和降解性能可通过与其它单体共聚的方式调节。聚乙交酯及其共聚物广泛的应用于可降解医用手术缝合线、骨折内固定物、药物控释载体以及组织工程支架等领域。笔者基于对国内外相关文献资料的研究,从聚乙交酯以及其共聚物的性能、合成工艺、应用进展三方面对聚乙交酯及其共聚物的研究现状进行分析,对聚乙交酯及其共聚物发展趋势进行探讨。     

聚5-羧基吲哚-聚乙交酯可降解导电共聚物的合成与表征

以N,N'-二环己基碳化二亚胺(DCC)为脱水剂、4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)为催化剂,通过低温缩聚法合成可生物降解并导电的聚5-羧基吲哚(PICA)与聚乙交酯(PGA)的共聚物.合成的产物采用红外光谱仪(FT- IR)、核磁共振氢谱仪(1H NMR)、质谱仪(MS)进行表征.结果表明:产物经25 d降解了41.7％,测得掺杂的共聚物电导率为9.1×10-4 S/cm.将乳仓鼠肾细胞(BHK21)黏附于合成的齐聚物膜上,细胞增殖生长效果明显.     

环状碳酸酯共聚改性聚乳酸性能

将5-甲基-5-苄氧羰基-三亚甲基碳酸酯(MBC)与左旋丙交酯(LLA)开环共聚制备了乳酸-功能化碳酸酯共聚物(P(LLA-MBC)),研究了共聚物的力学性能、体外降解性能及生物相容性。结果表明:与聚左旋丙交酯(PLLA)相比,共聚物的拉伸强度由原来的54.3 MPa(PLLA)下降到27.2 MPa(n(MBC)∶n(LLA)=34∶66),断裂伸长率由36%提高到350%,力学性能得到较好的平衡;共聚物结晶度有所下降,体外降解速率提高;材料的生物相容性未见明显改变。     

编织加工对聚羟基乙酸纤维降解性能的影响

将聚羟基乙(Polyglycolic Acid,PGA)纤维和编织线置于温度为37℃、pH值为7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液(Phosphate Buffer Solution,PBS)中进行8星期的体外降解实验.通过测试两者在降解过程中的质量损失、pH值、断裂强力、结晶度、表面形态的变化情况,探讨编织加工对PGA纤维降解性能的影响.PGA纤维和PGA编织线的降解趋势大体相同,根据各种性能的变化,两者的降解过程均可分为强力下降期、非结晶区质量损失期、结晶区质量损失期3个阶段,但由于PGA编织线中的纤维排列紧密且具有更高的初始结晶度,编织线的降解在每个阶段内与未经编织的纤维又有所不同.     

网状组织工程肌腱支架增强体的降解性能

以聚乙醇酸(Polyglycolic Acid,PGA)纤维和聚乳酸(Polylactic Acid,PLA)纤维为原料,用编织的方法制成一种网状圆筒形组织工程肌腱支架的增强体,探讨不同孔径支架增强体在体外降解过程中的断裂现象、拉伸强力、断裂伸长、质量衰变特征.得出组织工程肌腱支架增强体的拉伸断裂规律,孔径大小对支架增强体在降解过程中的强力、伸长和质量衰减性能影响不大.将支架增强体与PGA纤维复合构成组织工程肌腱支架,并在其上种植皮肤成纤维细胞.试验结果显示孔径大小对组织工程肌腱支架的力学性质有较大影响,其生物相容性良好.     

Comparative study of microstructural remodification to porous β-TCP and HA in rabbits

To assess the remolding ability of repaired bone in hydroxyapatite （HA） and β-calcium phosphate （β-TCP） scaffold, two 75% porosity bioceramics with the same three-dimensional geometry were implanted into femoral condyles of rabbits. Histological and micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） results demonstrated abundant new bone formation in the porous HA scaffold along with indistinctive scaffold degradation. Results also indicated that scaffold resorption in the β-TCP group, which was followed by a replacement with newly formed bone, was significantly higher than that in the HA group. The crosslinking trabeculae remodeled from the mixtures of the newly formed bone and β-TCP scaffold remnants might be helpful to promoting even loading and reducing stress. The bone remodeling pattern resulted from bone formation and scaffold resorption was significantly different for the two bioceramics. The results demonstrated that the 75% porous β-TCP was more suitable for new bone remodification than HA scaffold.     

纳米HAP/CPP/PLLA骨组织工程支架复合材料降解特性

现有支架材料的降解速率与骨细胞生长、繁殖速率不匹配,在降解过程中支架材料的强度、刚度衰减速率与成骨速率不匹配,支架材料在体内降解的酸性副产物会引起炎症反应.为克服以上困难,采用溶媒浇铸、颗粒滤取与气体发泡相结合的方法制备出纳米HAP/CPP/PLLA骨组织工程支架复合材料;选用生理盐水作为模拟体液进行降解实验,测试该支架复合材料的降解性能,用扫描电子显微镜对其在不同降解时期的微观结构进行观察.结果表明:纳米HAP/CPP/PLLA支架复合材料在降解过程中具有三维、连通、微孔网状结构,并具有良好的降解性能和生物相容性,是比较理想的骨组织工程支架材料.     

负载型氧化亚铜材料降解有机废水的性能及机理分析 汪慧静,刘淑娟,尚晓涵,薛建良*

摘要：为提高氧化亚铜的光降解性能和解决粉末状氧化亚铜难以回收利用的问题,研究了将氧化亚铜负载到陶粒上,得到陶粒-Cu2O复合材料,研究材料的降解性能和机理。结果表明,在无光和光照条件下陶粒、Cu2O、陶粒-Cu2O三种材料对亚甲基蓝具有明显不同的降解效率,且光照条件下降解效率明显提高,这说明在光照条件下,陶粒-Cu2O材料两者协同作用,不仅有吸附作用,而且有光降解效果;分析加入H2O2对陶粒--Cu2O复合材料降解性能的影响,发现Cu2O产生的电子-空穴对可以加速H2O2的水解,产生大量的强氧化性基团,有效的提高光降解性能;进一步分析陶粒-Cu2O复合材料的降解机理发现,陶粒-Cu2O降解污染物分为三个阶段,其中第一个阶段吸附起主导作用符合一维线性模型,第二个阶段光降解起重要作用,符合y = -0.0069x2 + 1.1843x + 26.978模型,第三阶段趋于平稳。     

Fabrication and characterization of a PAM modified PHBV/BG scaffold

In order to improve the bioactivity and mechanical strength of the scaffold used in bone repair simultaneously, a novel porous PAM-poly （β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate） （PHBV）/bioactive glass （BG） scaffold was prepared by photo-initiated polymerization. PAM was used to improve the hydrophilicity of PHBV matrix while the BG particles were added to increase the bioactivity and strength of the matrix synchronously. The grafted amide group and Si-O moieties from acrylamide and the added BG were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry （FTIR）. The micromorphology of the scaffolds before and after grafting was observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The resulting images demonstrate that the PAM-PHBV/BG scaffold has a well connected pore structure and appropriate pore size which may be convenient for cells to grow and discharge metabolites. The specific gravity method was used to evaluate the pore property of the scaffold and the result shows that the scaffold has an average porosity up to 82.0%. Mercury intrusion porosimetry （MIP） indicated that the pores of PAM-PHBV/BG scaffold were mainly distributed between 75 and 150 μm. The compressive strength test was adopted to evaluate the mechanical property of the scaffold. The result shows that the PAM-PHBV/BG scaffold has a relatively high compressive strength （0.91 MPa） when compared with the pure PHBV scaffold. Besides, the properties of the pure PHBV scaffold, PHBV/BG scaffold were also evaluated. The newly prepared PAM-PHBV/BG scaffold may be worthy of further studying as a bone repair material.     

多孔柞蚕丝素支架的制备及其在药物缓释中的应用

采用冷冻干燥法制备了多孔柞蚕丝素支架,分析了丝素溶液浓度与支架孔径、孔隙率之间的关系,并研究了多孔柞蚕丝素支架负载5-氟尿嘧啶的缓释性能.研究表明,当丝素浓度较低时,支架中的孔洞分布较为均匀,孔径和孔隙率也较大,而随着丝素溶液浓度增大,支架的孔径和孔隙率逐渐减小;支架的药物释放过程可分为快速释放和缓慢释放两个阶段.     

胶原支架材料的制备与表征

分别采用真空高温脱水和化学交联剂1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-碳化二亚胺处理经冷冻干燥后的胶原海绵材料,制备组织工程支架,讨论反应条件对胶原性能的影响,测定胶原支架的力学强度和降解特性.结果发现,不同的处理方法都能保持胶原海绵的三维多孔结构,孔隙率可达到90%;真空高温脱水获得的胶原海绵材料力学强度较小,但断裂伸长率略大;碳化二亚胺交联胶原海绵材料力学强度相对较高,抗张强度为380 kPa左右.胶原海绵交联后,降解速率显著小于未经交联的胶原材料.细胞培养试验表明成纤维细胞可以在支架材料上正常生长.两种交联方法处理胶原海绵,其细胞生长行为差异无显著性,适合于作为组织工程支架.     

新型前交叉韧带支架材料的构建及其生物相容性的实验研究

探讨以聚羟基丁酸己酯/聚左旋乳酸(PHB/PLLA1∶1)胶原杂化支架作为前交叉韧带组织工程载体材料的可行性。制备"三明治"样结构PHB/PLLA共聚物并测量其孔隙率等指标。以I型胶原对制备的PHB/PLLA支架进行杂化,获得PHB/PLLA胶原杂化支架。扫描电镜观察其表面结构。将兔皮肤成纤维细胞(SF)接种于PHB/PLLA胶原杂化支架,共培养5d后,扫描电镜下观察其在材料上生长情况。PHB/PLLA支架杂化后胶原填充于纤维空隙,分布比较均匀。体外培养的皮肤成纤维细胞成功种植在支架材料上,在材料上粘附、生长良好。说明构建的支架材料具有良好的三维构型和生物相容性,有望为前交叉韧带损伤的修复提供了一种新型的支架材料。     

Engineered polycaprolactone – magnesium hybrid biodegradable porous scaffold for bone tissue engineering

In this paper, we describe the fabrication of a new biodegradable porous scaffold composed of polycaprolactone(PCL) and magnesium(Mg)micro-particles. The compressive modulus of PCL porous scaffold was increased to at least 150% by incorporating 29% Mg particles with the porosity of 74% using Micro-CT analysis. Surprisingly, the compressive modulus of this scaffold was further increased to at least 236% when the silane-coupled Mg particles were added. In terms of cell viability, the scaffold modified with Mg particles significantly convinced the attachment and growth of osteoblasts as compared with the pure PCL scaffold. In addition, the hybrid scaffold was able to attract the formation of apatite layer over its surface after 7 days of immersion in normal culture medium, whereas it was not observed on the pure PCL scaffold. This in vitro result indicated the enhanced bioactivity of the modified scaffold. Moreover, enhanced bone forming ability was also observed in the rat model after 3 months of implantation. Though bony in-growth was found in all the implanted scaffolds. High volume of new bone formation could be found in the Mg/PCL hybrid scaffolds when compared to the pure PCL scaffold. Both pure PCL and Mg/PCL hybrid scaffolds were degraded after 3 months. However, no tissue inflammation was observed. In conclusion, these promising results suggested that the incorporation of Mg micro-particles into PCL porous scaffold could significantly enhance its mechanical and biological properties. This modified porous bio-scaffold may potentially apply in the surgical management of large bone defect fixation.