科学助我们远离非典——著名呼吸科专家谈彬庸教授谈非典预防

SARS病毒从何而来 2003年4月16日世界卫生组织宣布经过全球科研人员的通力合作，正式确认冠状病毒的一个变种是引起传染性非典型肺炎的病原体。由于在3月15日世界卫生组织已将这种病称为严重急性呼吸道综合症(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome简称SARS)，所以,科学家将该病原体正式命名为SARS病毒，国际病毒分类学委员会将其命名为SARS冠状病毒。     

SARS冠状病毒RNA聚合酶基因片段体外组装和siRNA干扰研究

为了安全便捷地获取严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus,SARS coronavirus)的RdRp基因,作者合成了26条寡聚核苷酸片段,利用组装PCR(assembly PCR)在体外构建了SARS病毒的RdRp基因片段,并建立了基于Vero E6细胞的SARS RdRp基因的稳定表达株.之后设计了4对针对SARS RdRp基因的siRNA,基因干扰表明这4对siRNA均能高效干扰SARS RdRp基因在Vero E6细胞中的表达.至此,本文提供了一种安全便捷地获取病毒基因的方法.     

新型冠状病毒疫苗潜在不良反应的研究进展

新型冠状病毒(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus Disease-2019,COVID-19,简称新冠肺炎)在全球流行暴发,严重威胁人类生命健康,给全球造成了巨大的医疗、经济和社会破坏。在目前缺乏特异性治疗方法的情况下,预防性疫苗是全球新冠肺炎防控最有效的手段,国内外已有17个(其中我国5个)新型冠状病毒疫苗(简称新冠疫苗)获批附条件上市或紧急使用。为了应对大规模疫苗接种潜在的不良反应挑战,本文对全球已投入使用的新冠疫苗的安全性进行总结,分析其潜在的不良反应,提出加强应对新冠疫苗接种不良事件及医疗应急保障的思考。     

A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus(Isolate BJ01)

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a newly identified infectious disease[1—5]. The global outbreak of SARS has been threatening the health of people worldwide and has killed 353 people and infected more than 5462 in 27 countries, as reported by WHO on April 29, 2003 (http://www.who.int/csr/sarscountry/en). Although it has been recognized that a variant of virus from the family of coronavirus might be the candidate pathogen of SARS[1—5], its identity as the unique pathogen sti…     

基于生物信息学与分子结构的SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶(SARS CoV Mpro)多肽类抑制剂研究

用冠状病毒基因解析软件系统ZCURVE_CoY2．0，从SARS冠状病毒（TOR2，NC_004718）的RNA基因序列出发，搜索出含有SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶（SARS CoV M^pro）真实剪切位点的11个八肽，运用分子叠合和分子对接的方法，对11个八肽进行了分析，证明这11个八肽有相似的活性，而且11个八肽中，op4的活性最高．分析认为，op4有望成为抗SARS药物的理想前体．     

传染性非典型肺炎的病源学与诊断学研究进展

上世纪70年代开始,人类在消灭传统的传染性疾病同时,又面临着不断出现和发生的新传染病,这些疾病的流行特点和传播具有以下规律:绝大多数为人畜共患;病源体以病毒为主;病死率较高;暂无有效的治疗方法.而目前正在流行的传染性非典型肺炎,世界卫生组织(WHO)将其命名为严重急性呼吸道综合征(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,简称为SARS),其可能是传染病学中新型冠状病毒所引起,传染性极强的新传染病,对这种传染病的致病原研究目前还有很多争论,并发现不断有新变种出现,这为控制该疾病的流行增加了极大的难度.     

SARS病毒RNA二级结构及RNAi作用靶位的计算机预测

该研究使用两个基于不同算法的RNA二级结构预测软件RNAstructure 3．71和RNAdraw V1．1b2，通过对SARS冠状病毒BJ01和TOR02株的基因组序列的二级结构进行计算机初步模拟，得到可能用于RNAi作用药物设计的6个结构．     

冠状病毒主蛋白酶及其化学抑制剂研究进展

一个新的冠状病毒已经被鉴定为急性呼吸道综合症(SARS)的病原体,控制该病毒复制复合体活性的主蛋白酶(Mpro或3CLpro)将很可能成为开发针对SARS特效治疗药物的靶位点.综述了人冠状病毒株229E(HCoV 229E)和一种在猪体内引发传染性胃肠炎的病毒(TGEV)的Mpro的晶体结构以及以此为基础构建的SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)同源蛋白酶的空间结构模型.通过对这些同源蛋白酶的结构及其与已知的蛋白酶化学抑制剂的结合特征进行分析后发现Mpro的底物结合位点具有惊人的保守性,这种保守性也被重组SARS-CoV Mpro能介导的TGEV Mpro的底物剪切实验所进一步证实.分子模型表明已有的鼻病毒3Cpro抑制剂经过改进后或许能用于SARS的治疗.     

SARS冠状病毒基因片段变异分析

采用基因序列和生物信息分析法，研究了SARS-CoV复制酶基因中4个片段。结果发现，片段Ⅰ与已报道的SARS冠状病毒ZJ01有2个位点不同，片段Ⅲ与CUHK-W1、CUHK-Su1O、HKU-39849和Hong-Kong各有1个位点的差别；片段Ⅳ与GZ01间有1个位点的变化。同时对已公布的17个全基因组序列进行比对分析。可找到共137个变异位点，其中仅出现1次的变异位点119个，间约信息位点18个。     

弘扬科学抗击非典

2002年11月,我国广东省出现一种病因不明、传染性极强的呼吸系统传染性疾病,世界其它一些地方也相继作出类似疾病的报道.我国现将这一疾病称为传染性非典型肺炎,世界卫生组织(WHO)将该病命名为严重急性呼吸综合征(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,SARS).这是一种人类至今尚未完全认识的新传染病症.2003年4月16日,WHO宣布该疾病的病因由一种新的冠状病毒引发,目前,该病已在全球30个国家和地区内发生流行,对人类的健康和生命带来极大的威胁,也对社会经济发展产生巨大的影响.     

SARS-CoVS基因表达及纯化

严重急性呼吸道综合症是由一种新的冠状病毒SARS-CoY引起的．作者通过PCR扩增得到了S蛋白的6个编码片段，并利用表达载体pET28a( )在E．coli BL21中进行了原核表达．通过亲和层析纯化了包含大部分ACE2结合区域的S蛋白片段(S4)．ELISA分析结果表明S4与SARS病人恢复期血清具有良好的反应能力．     

SARS冠状病毒的诊断性实验研究

严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)是一种新的人类感染性疾病，其致病菌为SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)。本文就SARS-CoV发现过程、病毒特点及检测方法的研究进展和应用情况加以概述。     

SARS预测的Fuzzy数学模型的探讨

从SARS的病理特性出发．研究确定了获取SARS发病先兆信息基本来源的几个检测指标集．根据Fuzzy集理论．引入SARS发病隶属度的概念．定义了检测指标集对SARS发病的隶属函数，从而建立了一个SARS预测的Fuzzy数学模型。     

Exploring the epidemic transmission network of SARS in-out flow in mainland China

The changing spatiotemporal patterns of the individual susceptible-infected-symptomatic-treated-recovered epidemic process and the interactions of information/material flows between regions,along with the 2002-2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS) epidemiological investigation data in mainland China,including three typical locations of individuals(working unit/home address,onset location and reporting unit),are used to define the in-out flow of the SARS epidemic spread.Moreover,the input/output transmission networks of the SARS epidemic are built according to the definition of in-out flow.The spatiotemporal distribution of the SARS in-out flow,spatial distribution and temporal change of node characteristic parameters,and the structural characteristics of the SARS transmission networks are comprehensively and systematically explored.The results show that(1) Beijing and Guangdong had the highest risk of self-spread and output cases,and prevention/control measures directed toward self-spread cases in Beijing should have focused on the later period of the SARS epidemic;(2) the SARS transmission networks in mainland China had significant clustering characteristics,with two clustering areas of output cases centered in Beijing and Guangdong;(3) Guangdong was the original source of the SARS epidemic,and while the infected cases of most other provinces occurred mainly during the early period,there was no significant spread to the surrounding provinces;in contrast,although the input/output interactions between Beijing and the other provinces countrywide began during the mid-late epidemic period,SARS in Beijing showed a significant capacity for spatial spreading;(4) Guangdong had a significant range of spatial spreading throughout the entire epidemic period,while Beijing and its surrounding provinces formed a separate,significant range of high-risk spreading during the mid-late period;especially in late period,the influence range of Beijing’s neighboring provinces,such as Hebei,was even slightly larger than that of Beijing;and(5) the input network had a low-intensity spread capacity and middle-level influence range,while the output network had an extensive high-intensity spread capacity and influence range that covered almost the entire country,and this spread and influence indicated that significant clustering characteristics increased gradually.This analysis of the epidemic in-out flow and its corresponding transmission network helps reveal the potential spatiotemporal characteristics and evolvement mechanism of the SARS epidemic and provides more effective theoretical support for prevention and control measures.     

A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus （Isolate BJO1）

The genome sequence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-assoclated virus provides essential information for the identification of pathogen(s), exploration of etiology and evolution, interpretation of transmission and pathogenesis, development of diagnostics, prevention by future vaccination, and treatment by developing new drugs.We report the complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of an isolate (B J01) of the coronavirus that has been recognized as a pathogen for SARS. The genome is 29725 nt in size and has 11 ORFs (Open Reading Frames). It is composed of a stable region encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (composed of 20RFs) and a variable region representing 4 CDSs (coding sequences) for viral structural genes (the S, E, M, N proteins) and 5 PUPs (putative uncharacterized proteins). Its gene order is identical to that of other known coronaviruses. The sequence alignment with all known RNA viruses places this virus as a member in the family of Coronaviridae. Thirty putative substitutions have been identified by comparative analysis of the 5 SARS-associated virus genome sequences in GenBank. Fifteen of them lead to possible amino acid changes (non-synonymous mutations) in the proteins. Three amino acid changes, with predicted alteration of physical and chemical features, have been detected in the S protein that is postulated to be involved in the immunoreactions between the virus and its host.Two amino acid changes have been detected in the M protein,which could be related to viral envelope formation. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the possibility of non-human origin of the SARS-associated viruses but provides no evidence that they are man-made. Further efforts should focus on identifying the etiology of the SARS-associated virus and ruling out conclusively the existence of other possible SARS-related pathogen(s).     

Protein Subcellular Localization Prediction and Genomic Polymorphism Analysis of the SARS Coronavirus

Introduction In March 2003, a novel coronavirus (CoV) was dis-covered in association with the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)[1-3]. The complete genome sequence of several SARS-CoV isolates was soon determined and characterized[4,5]. Comparison of variant SARS-CoV genome sequences has identified certain genetic signatures that can be used to trace sources of infection[6]. Vaccines are now being devel-oped and molecular modeling has suggested that modi-fied rhinovir…     

全球冠状病毒科研态势及研究热点分析

 2019年12月以来，一种新型冠状病毒感染引起的急性呼吸道传染病蔓延全球。新型冠状病毒是目前已知的第7种可以感染人的冠状病毒，20世纪以来已知的另外2种可以引起比较严重人类疾病的冠状病毒为2003年爆发的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒和2012年的中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒。自冠状病毒发现以来，国内外学者针对冠状病毒已进行了大量研究，本文基于文献计量、内容分析等方法，对全球冠状病毒的研究态势进行揭示，并对冠状病毒的研究热点及研究趋势进行分析。     

SARS疫情传播的时间序列分析

利用时间序列分析的思想[1～3],对北京市2003年4～6月的累计确诊SARS病例进行研究,获得了日增确诊病例的变化趋势方程,并用自回归模型AR(20)来拟合传播过程,经方差分析知模型效果高度显著,将预测值与实际值比较,结果比较理想.由此推定每个SARS病人可以直接造成他人感染的期限平均在20天左右.