竹炭脱除单质汞的特性研究

为了寻求廉价、高效的脱汞吸附剂,总结了竹炭的来源、制备方法、竹炭（BC）的性质以及竹炭的应用现状,并将其应用在燃煤大气污染物汞的脱除上．在小型燃煤烟气汞脱除实验台上和模拟烟气气氛下研究了低温下BC对汞吸附性能的影响因素．实验结果表明：BC对汞有较强的吸附能力,BC粒径减小增大了BC表面积和孔容,这有利于物理吸附脱汞;吸附剂质量与流量比值（W／F）的增加延长了汞与BC的接触时间,非常利于汞的吸附脱除;BC的脱汞效率随汞浓度的增大而降低;BC对汞的吸附脱除存在着最佳反应温度,实验发现60℃为最佳脱除温度;氧气会促进单质汞的氧化,从而进一步提高BC脱除汞的能力．     

燃煤电厂烟气脱汞技术研究进展

针对燃煤电厂脱汞技术从脱汞机理、脱汞成本、脱汞效率、影响因素等方面总结分析了吸附法、化学氧化法和利用现有脱硫、脱硝、电除尘等设备脱汞技术的优缺点及研究进展。吸附法主要集中在吸附剂制备及脱汞效率等方面,脱汞吸附剂包括活性炭、改性活性炭、功能性活性炭、活性炭纤维、飞灰和农作物吸附剂等。化学氧化法主要包括光催化氧化、金属及金属氧化物催化氧化和低温等离子体法等技术,其机理都是促进烟气中H_g~0氧化成更容易脱除的Hg~(2+);利用现有设备和技术控制汞的排放是结合了SCR催化剂、电除尘放电促使H_g~0氧化、除尘器飞灰吸附、脱硫吸收Hg~(2+)的复杂脱汞机理,其脱汞成本较低。研究制备农作物磁性吸附剂和对脱硝催化剂进行改性后结合现有脱汞技术是目前最具发展前景的脱汞技术。     

CO2/H3PO4活化与NH4Br改性稻壳焦的脱汞性能实验研究

以生物质稻壳为原料,采用CO2,H3PO4活化方法,并经NH4Br溶液改性,分别制备了稻壳热解焦、活化焦和改性焦,并将其作为脱汞吸附剂.采用N2吸附/脱附、SEM-EDS、FTIR等方法研究吸附剂的微观物理化学特性,结果表明:CO2活化使稻壳焦的孔隙结构显著改善,增强了吸附剂对汞的物理吸附能力;H3PO4活化使稻壳焦表面生成大量酸性含氧官能团,有利于汞的化学吸附;NH4Br改性使Br元素有效负载到稻壳焦表面,促进了单质汞向氧化态汞的转化.固定床汞吸附实验结果表明:改性后的稻壳热解焦与活化焦的脱汞效率分别提高了60%与90%,实验120min后,CO2,H3PO4活化改性焦的汞吸附效率仍分别保持在90%与80%以上.生物质稻壳经CO2/H3PO4活化和NH4Br溶液改性后可作为燃煤电厂烟气喷射脱汞的廉价高效吸附剂.     

飞灰残炭对零价汞蒸汽的吸附特征

研究了飞灰未燃残炭对零价汞蒸气的吸附特性.在低汞平衡浓度(＜250 μg/m3)条件下,残炭汞吸附能力与商业活性炭差距不显著,而商业活性炭在高汞浓度端的汞吸附量则明显升高.残炭汞吸附特性与其来源相关性较强.残炭的吸附等温线类似于Ⅱ型等温线,而商业活性炭则明显具有Ⅲ型吸附等温线特征.静态吸附实验结果表明炭质吸附剂表面存在活性点位,从而使其吸附过程得到加强.因为残炭制造成本相对低廉,所以在烟气汞污染物脱除方面更具有价格优势.     

硫改性硅酸盐吸附剂脱汞性能的实验研究

利用不同含S改性剂对天然硅酸盐矿物材料进行改性,制备了不同种类的有机、无机S改性吸附剂.用固定床反应器在模拟烟气条件下研究了几种改性吸附剂对单质汞的脱除能力.结果表明：单质S改性膨润土在70℃能脱除70%以上的汞,温度升高有利于汞脱除率的提高,但会减少吸附剂有效脱汞的持续时间;半胱氨酸改性凹凸棒石能脱除60%的单质汞,...     

煤热解过程中汞析出与汞吸附特性研究

采用煤热解释放出汞,并对热解气体进行汞吸附脱除的燃烧前脱汞的技术路线.在程序升温管式炉系统中,实验研究了大同煤和宝日希勒煤,在N2气氛下热解过程中汞析出和汞吸附的特性.热解结果表明:温度是影响煤热解过程中汞释放的主要因素.随热解温度升高,汞释放率急剧上升,在600℃时两种煤中汞释放率达90%以上;被释放的汞蒸气中以元素汞为主.随停留时间的延长和加热速率的升高,煤中汞释放率显著增加;汞析出仍以元素汞为主.考察了四种吸附剂活性炭、飞灰、Ca(OH)2和5%KMnO4改性Ca(OH)2,对大同煤热解气体中汞的吸附特性.结果表明:随热解温度的升高,四种吸附荆的单位汞吸附量均增大;其中活性炭具有较强的汞吸附能力,吸附率达92%以上;飞灰和另外两种钙基吸附剂的汞吸附率在73%～85%之间变化.     

聚氯乙烯强化活性炭脱汞性能

采用聚氯乙烯(PVC)对活性炭热处理改性以提升其脱汞性能.研究了热处理温度对Hg0脱除性能的影响.在前10 min内,250°C下由PVC热处理改性的活性炭的脱汞性能相比于原始活性炭提升了51%;900°C下由PVC热处理改性的活性炭的脱汞效率相比于原始活性炭提升了58%.采用BET比表面积测试、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)方法对材料进行表征,探讨了脱汞活性物质的产生机理和汞吸附机理.结果表明:热处理环境下PVC与活性炭发生交互作用,在活性炭的微孔或表面形成C-Cl基团,为汞的脱除提供主要的化学吸附活性位点.     

凹凸棒土的吸附脱汞特性

以苏皖地区特色天然矿物资源凹凸棒土作为吸附剂,研究热活化温度和吸附反应温度对凹凸棒土吸附脱汞性能的影响,并利用N a2S,F e C l3,C u C l2,H2O 2和单质硫对凹凸棒土吸附剂进行化学改性,研究改性凹凸棒土吸附剂的脱汞能力。研究结果表明:经1 2 0℃和1 6 0℃热活化的凹凸棒土吸附脱汞性能有一定程度的提高,而经2 0 0℃和2 4 0℃热活化的凹凸棒土吸附脱汞性能则呈现下降趋势;吸附反应温度的提高有利于凹凸棒土对单质汞的吸附脱除;此外,经单质硫、C u C l2和F e C l3改性的凹凸棒土脱汞能力大为提高。     

活性炭喷射耦合布袋除尘脱除燃煤烟气有机污染物

为了探究燃煤烟气有机物的吸附特性,以木质活性炭作为吸附剂、邻二甲苯和甲苯作为吸附质,开展了120 ～130℃温度下有机物质量浓度为40 ～50mg/m3时活性炭喷射耦合布袋除尘器(ACI+ BF)脱除燃煤有机物的试验,研究了有机物沸点、极性以及模拟烟气中水汽、燃煤飞灰和SO2等组分对ACI+ BF脱除有机物性能的影响.结果 表明:有机物沸点是影响吸附脱除效率的主要因素,极性强弱会影响吸附速率;空气气氛下,邻二甲苯吸附脱除效率为56.68％;水汽和SO2在活性炭上与有机物产生竞争吸附,吸附脱除效率分别最大下降24.94％和6.662％,水汽的影响强于SO2;燃煤飞灰因其对活性炭的覆盖作用,低浓度时有抑制吸附作用,吸附脱除效率下降了8.58％,但随着飞灰浓度提高,因促进滤袋上滤层的产生,抑制作用减弱,吸附脱除效率下降了1.61％;水汽、燃煤飞灰和SO2三者混合组分条件下,有机物吸附脱除效率下降程度最大,吸附脱除效率仅为47.13％.     

活性炭纤维脱除燃煤烟气中汞的试验研究

在一维煤粉燃烧试验台上进行了活性炭纤维脱除燃煤烟气中汞的试验研究．采用Ontario-Hydro方法研究燃煤烟气中汞的形态分布,利用三种不同活性炭纤维对实际烟气进行汞的吸附试验．结果表明,烟气中气态汞主要以单质汞为主,飞灰未燃尽碳可以吸附气相汞;活性炭纤维对汞有较好的吸附效果,其表面含氧、含氮官能团以及水分对汞的吸附,特别是对Hg^0的吸附氧化有促进作用．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.