DBR对不同波长AlGaInP LED芯片发光强度的影响

利用MOCVD方法,在GaAs衬底上生长了不同DBR结构的红光和黄绿光AlGaInP四元外延片,并通过芯片工艺制成芯片。使用X-射线衍射仪(HRXRD)、光致发光仪(PL)、芯片光电测试仪等表征了外延片和芯片的性能,研究了红光和黄绿光AlGaInP四元外延片的发光强度与DBR结构的关系。结果表明,红光AlGaInP LED芯片的发光强度高于黄绿光,其主要原因是黄绿光有源区的内量子效率低和黄绿光DBR具有较小的反射率,从而导致较低的发光强度。本研究为今后LED全结构的芯片亮度研究打下良好基础。     

微腔反射率对有机电致发光器件性能的影响

有机电致发光器件的法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Perot)谐振腔的光学微腔效应,导致在一定波长处的发射峰强度增强、宽度压窄、发光性能得到改善,因而在有机彩色显示中受到人们的重视。设计了具有不同反射率的两种分布布拉格反射镜(DBR:D istributed B ragg Reflectors),用8羟-基喹啉铝(A lq3)作为电子传输/发光层,N,N′-双(1-萘基)-N,N′-二苯基-1,1′-二苯基-4,4′-二胺(NPB)作为空穴传输层,通过DBR与金属电极反射镜构成法布里-珀罗谐振腔制成了微腔有机发光二极管(MOLED:M icrocavity O rgan ic L ight-Em ittingD iode),详细研究了介质镜(DBR)的反射率、金属镜和有机层的厚度对电致发光效率、发光波长以及光谱半高宽的影响。研究发现,高反射率的DBR虽然可以实现窄的光谱发射,但器件的电致发光效率大大降低,而低反射率的DBR有利于实现单模发射,并且具有较高的电致发光效率,经金属镜和有机层厚度优化后的最大电致发光效率达到了8.3 cd/A,是高反射率DBR微腔器件的6.4倍。     

AlN/GaN分布布拉格反射器反射率的研究

从理论上推导出分布布拉格反射器(DBR)反射率的计算公式,分析了GaN基材料DBR反射率与单层膜折射率、多层膜的对数、单层膜的厚度等的关系,发现20对AlN／GaN构成的1／4波长。DBR的反射率在中心波长410nm下达到了0．9995,分析了DBR反射率随单层厚度波动的影响,并发现随着正偏差的增大,最大反射率对应的波长增大．相同对数AlN／GaN多层膜的反射率比MGaN／GaN多层膜的反射率大,因此,AlN／GaN比AlGaN／GaN更适合做反射器。     

具有不同Al组分的非极性a面p型AlGaN外延层的生长及特性研究

利用金属有机物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)技术,在半极性r面蓝宝石衬底上成功生长了具有不同Al组分的非极性a面Mg-δ掺杂的p-AlGaN外延层.通过使用高分辨率X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和霍尔效应测试仪等表征方法,系统研究了Al组分从0到41％的非极性a面p-AlGaN外延层的结构与电学性质.特别针对具有较高Al组分的非极性a面p-AlGaN层的外延生长,创新性地研发了一种以金属有机源的流量脉冲供给为特征的MOCVD生长工艺.研究结果表明,在非极性a面p-AlGaN外延层的MOCVD生长过程中采用以金属有机源的流量脉冲供给为特征的MOCVD生长技术,可以显著提高非极性a面p-AlGaN外延层电导率.其中,利用该技术所生长的p-Al0.41Ga0.59N外延层样品的空穴浓度可高达7.0×1016 cm-3,为制备高发光效率的非极性a面AlGaN基紫外发光二极管打下了坚实的基础.     

GaN基垂直腔面发射激光器的研制

作者在我国大陆首次实现了GaN基垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)的激射.首先采用金属有机物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)技术在蓝宝石衬底上进行高质量氮化物增益区的外延生长,然后在表面沉积高反射介质膜分布布拉格反射镜(DBR).将样品键合到其它支撑片上后,采用激光剥离技术将蓝宝石村底去除.再在去除蓝宝石后露出的氮化物表面沉积第二组介质膜DBR制成VCSEL.在室温光泵条件下,观察到VCSEL的激射,激射波长449.5 nm.阈值6.5 mJ/cm2,激射峰的半高宽小于0.1 nm,这些指标达到了国际领先水平.本文为进一步研制实用化氮化物VCSEL奠定了重要的基础.     

基于布拉格反射器的空间用四结砷化镓太阳电池抗辐照性能研究

利用理论计算确定适用于空间四结砷化镓太阳电池的布拉格反射器(DBR),同时借助Macleod软件对引入四结太阳电池的DBR结构进行模拟,并对比分析引入DBR结构的四结太阳电池在1 MeV高能电子辐照前后的电学性能.结果表明,模拟得到由15对Al_(0.1)Ga_(0.9)As/Al_(0.9)Ga_(0.1)As材料组成的DBR在中心波长960 nm处反射率最高且达到98.4%,高反射带宽165 nm,与实验制备的引入该DBR结构的电池最高反射中心波长基本吻合.通过分析辐照前后电学性能,发现引入该DBR结构的电池辐照后各项电学性能衰减幅度小于未引入DBR结构的电池.     

LP-MOCVD生长InGaAlP外延层中In并入效率的研究

分析了In原子在InGaAlP外延生长表面的扩散、并及及脱附过程，给出了In并入外延层的效率表达式，依据该表达式，解释了生长速率、生长温度及生长压力等生长参数对LP－MOCVD生长InGaAlP外延层中In组分的影响。     

GaInP薄膜的金属有机化学气相沉积生长动力学多尺度模拟

Ⅲ-V族化合物GaInP是一种高效发光材料.金属有机化学气相沉积（Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition,MOCVD）技术能均匀生长多结、多层和大面积的薄膜材料,是一种非常有效的方法.通过分别运用计算流体力学、动力学蒙特卡罗方法与虚拟现实技术相结合,提出了一个研究垂直MOCVD反应器的GaInP薄膜生长过程的流体动力学、热力学和分子动力学多尺度模拟方法.可视化结果不仅准确和直观的显示了MOCVD反应器里的气体热流场分布情况,而且展示了MOCVD反应器中的GaInP薄膜生长过程.因此,该模拟为我们优化GaInP的MOCVD生长提供了一个重要指导.     

TCL+DBR与Ag+DBR倒装结构LED芯片光电性能比较

为给产业提供有效的参考,在同一的外延结构下,设计了TCL(透明导电层)+DBR(布拉格反射层)和Ag+DBR两种不同的结构倒装芯片,并实验对比两种结构的光电性能。结果显示:在500 mA的驱动电流下,相比于TCL+DBR结构的倒装芯片,Ag+DBR结构倒装芯片的输出亮度提升了8.7%,其饱和电流为1.32 A,比TCL+DBR结构的倒装芯片的饱和电流(1.16 A)高17.5%;同时,相比于TCL+DBR结构的倒装芯片,Ag+DBR结构的倒装芯片显示出更优的效率衰减性能。输出亮度、效率衰减性能的提升以及饱和电流的增加,主要归因于Ag+DBR结构的倒装芯片具有更佳的热分布效果、更宽的发光角度和更优的电流扩展效果。     

硅基垂直腔面光发射器件的研制

为了实现与现有集成电路工艺兼容的全硅基发光器件,提出了一种新型硅基垂直腔面光发射器件结构。它采用等离子体增强化学气相淀积(PECVD)方法制备的非晶硅(或非晶氮化硅)/二氧化硅交替生长的多层薄膜结构为分布式Bragg反射器(DBR),以夹在上下两个Bragg反射器之间的非晶碳化硅薄膜为中间发光层。通过设计与模拟,分析了DBR中薄膜生长顺序与层数对器件性能的影响。最后研制出光致红光发射器件和电致蓝绿光发射器件,并给出了它们的光致和电致发光谱。结果显示了在光致和电致激发下非晶碳化硅的发光和DBR对光谱的限制增强作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.