刚构桥矩形空心-双薄壁组合桥墩纵向刚度研究

针对矩形空心-双薄壁组合桥墩纵向刚度的设计方法尚不完善的问题,提出一种基于列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用理论的矩形空心-双薄壁组合桥墩纵向刚度确定方法.首先,基于列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用理论建立考虑桥轨关系和轮轨关系的列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用模型,在此基础上完善钢轨多种附加应力的计算方法;然后,考虑桥墩刚度对扣件上拔力和墩顶纵向位移的影响,以重庆地铁实际工程为例,确定轨道桥矩形空心-双薄壁组合桥墩纵向刚度.研究表明:提出的组合桥墩纵向刚度研究方法可有效用于求解钢轨应力及确定桥墩合理纵向刚度;钢轨底部边缘动弯曲应力和温度应力未随桥墩纵向刚度而变化,而钢轨伸缩应力对桥墩刚度变化最为敏感;桥墩纵向刚度对扣件上拔力以及墩顶纵向位移均有明显影响;对于所研究的矩形空心-双薄壁组合桥墩,其墩底尺寸建议不小于7.4 m,此时刚构桥墩的合成线刚度为61.4 MN/m.     

桥梁隔震装置布置方式研究

桥梁隔震装置是经济实用的抗震设备。本文分析了桥墩受地震作用破坏机理和桥梁隔震装置隔震原理。从桥墩破坏实际形式中,总结出顶底端受地震响应相对位移过大是桥墩受破坏的主要原因。将隔震装置布置在桥墩底部能有效减少传入桥墩的地震能量,减震效果优于将其布置在顶部。     

软土地基上桩基础使用m法计算的验证

通过横向锤击桩基桥墩时桥墩振动波形的分析 ,或通过列车驶离桥梁后桥墩余振的分析 ,可以获得桥墩的自振频率 .结合工程实际 ,分析了桩基桥墩的实测结果 ,并与m法计算结果进行比较 ,发现m法计算结果与实际情况符合得较好 ,且在软土地基上 ,系数m的取值对计算结果影响不大     

超宽曲线连续箱梁合理支点布置形式研究

本文针对超宽曲线连续箱梁内外侧支反力的不均匀性,以桥墩受力的合理性为原则,提出结合梁格法和实体元法对支点合理布置形式进行定性计算的简易方法。经实际工程验证,该方法为优化超宽曲线连续箱梁桥墩受力提供有力保障,且因计算量小不影响设计工期,为同类桥梁方案设计提供参考。     

考虑桥墩剪切破坏的不规则桥梁排架抗震分析模型

基于OpenSees数值分析平台的纤维梁柱、剪切弹簧和转动弹簧单元,建立了考虑桥墩剪切破坏的不规则桥梁排架抗震数值分析模型.其中纤维梁柱单元模拟桥墩、盖梁弯曲变形,剪切弹簧单元模拟桥墩剪切变形,转动弹簧单元模拟纵筋拔出变形.基于圆形截面桥墩抗震试验结果,并结合数值分析手段建立了桥墩剪切破坏时塑性铰区转角计算公式.并以此公式为基础,监测数值模型中桥墩剪切破坏,剪切破坏前桥墩以弯曲反应为主,剪切破坏后桥墩侧向强度和刚度发生显著退化.最后以3座实际不规则桥梁排架为工程背景,进行了排架横桥向地震作用下的滞回性能分析.研究表明,所建立的抗震分析模型可有效模拟由于桥墩剪切破坏造成的强度和刚度退化,为不规则桥梁结构抗震性能分析提供了依据.     

落石撞击双柱式桥墩破坏模式及抗撞性能分析

基于非线性接触有限元数值模拟技术建立高精度落石-桥梁碰撞模型,对不同参数下桥墩的动态响应和破坏模式进行参数分析,主要研究的参数包括:桥墩上部质量、桥墩箍筋间距、落石质量与速度以及撞击位置.分析了我国规范给出的建议桥墩抗撞能力计算方法,并与实际抗撞能力对比.研究发现:落石高速撞击下桥墩的破坏形式以弯曲破坏为主,但是上部结构质量和落石速度的增加和撞击位置的改变会使桥墩的破坏形式由弯曲破坏向剪切破坏转变.落石冲击桥墩上部造成的破坏程度相比其他位置小,改变撞击方向会显著影响撞击点上方的桥墩侧向位移.我国公路桥梁抗震设计细则公式给出的计算方法低估了桥墩实际的抗撞能力,轴压力对桥墩的抗撞性能有明显提升,建议考虑在计算公式加入轴压力因素.     

白河特大桥施工过程稳定性分析

以白河特大桥为工程实例,采用有限元程序Midas/civil建立了桥梁的空间有限元模型,模拟其施工过程,进行了每个施工阶段桥墩的稳定性分析.计算结果表明:白河特大桥主桥的总体稳定性系数较大,桥墩结构稳定性较强,桥梁不易发生失稳破坏;桥梁在施工阶段以最大悬臂状态下稳定性最差,桥梁在成桥运营阶段,结构在活载作用下的稳定性可作为全桥的稳定性控制阶段,最易发生失稳的墩身是26号桥墩的纵向失稳.     

浅谈悬臂桥梁施工工艺的应用

悬臂施工方法是桥梁工程上用的，施工大跨度箱形梁之类的连续刚构桥墩时，先施工桥墩，由桥墩向两侧先施工一段箱形梁，等到它的强度达到设计值时，在这段悬臂梁上用挂篮向前伸出后再支模板，再浇筑一段梁，反复这样，直到由两侧施工的悬臂梁最后在中间相遇合龙，桥梁结构部分施工完成，这就是典型的悬臂桥梁施工工艺。本文从实际施工案例出发，介绍了悬臂桥梁施工工艺在桥梁施工中的应用，简述了悬臂桥梁施工工艺的施工控制和优点等。     

四川汶川穗威大桥引桥减震隔震设计

介绍了四川汶川穗威大桥引桥减震隔震设计的过程和思路.通过静力分析得到隔震支座的规格和铅芯的直径,然后采用反应谱设计方法计算出桥梁满足大震作用时梁体8 cm变位所需阻尼系数,以及桥墩的内力,并通过动力时程分析方法对设计结果进行验证,结果表明:该方法可实现桥梁在大震条件下梁体8 cm的变位和桥墩75%的减震率要求.最后对桥墩承载力进行验算,结果表明:在强震作用下,桥墩基本处于弹性状态.其设计过程可为桥梁的消能减震设计提供参考.     

船撞偶然荷载作用下连续梁桥的分析方法探讨

在评估船撞偶然荷载作用下连续梁桥的结构响应时,不同于连续刚构桥的分析,一般取单个桥墩作为分析对象,船舶撞击力作用于桥墩上,并不考虑桥梁上部结构将船撞力传递至相邻墩的贡献.实际上基于桥梁上部结构与下部结构的连接强度以及可能被撞桥墩的相对刚度,可将桥梁上部结构纳入船撞力的传递路径中.该文基于一连续梁桥工程实例,针对船撞荷载工况,分别用单墩模型和桥梁整体模型进行了分析,通过对比研究认为,当连续梁桥有船撞风险时,可以采用桥梁整体分析的方法,考虑桥梁上部结构对船撞力的分配,并且桥梁上部结构和下部结构之间应设置可靠的连接构造.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.