多聚磷酸复合SBS改性沥青流变性能及抗老化特性

采用动态剪切流变和弯曲梁流变试验,对多聚磷酸(PPA)复合SBS改性沥青在高、低温下的流变特性进行了研究,并与硫磺复合SBS改性沥青进行了对比分析.通过傅里叶红外光谱分析仪对不同原样沥青、旋转薄膜烘箱加热试验(RTFOT)以及压力加速老化试验(PAV)后沥青中含有的与老化有关的官能团进行了分析.结果表明:添加适量的PPA可明显改善沥青的高温性能;相对于硫磺复合SBS改性沥青,PPA复合SBS改性沥青具有较好的高温性能,但低温性能相对较差;随着SBS掺量的增加,PPA复合SBS改性沥青的低温性能随之增强;经过短长期老化后PPA复合SBS改性沥青的亚砜基指数变化很小,其抗老化性能得到改善.     

基于累计耗散能量比的改性沥青疲劳性能

通过对不同改性沥青的流变性能试验,分析了基于累计耗散能量比(DER)的改性沥青疲劳性能指标,研究了不同嵌段比的改性沥青的疲劳性能,并根据DER进行对比分析.基于改性沥青的疲劳性能特点,在室内通过弯曲疲劳性能试验进一步验证了用DER评价改性沥青疲劳性能的有效性,为改性沥青的疲劳性能判定提供了新的参考指标.     

基于动态剪切流变试验的硅粉/SBS复合改性沥青性能分析

为研究硅粉与SBS复合改性沥青的流变性能,对不同Si O2含量的硅粉进行沥青3大指标试验,通过动态剪切流变实验(DSR)对基质沥青、硅粉改性沥青、SBS改性沥青和硅粉/SBS复合改性沥青进行流变性能指标测定,并对硅粉掺量为2%、4%、6%、8%的硅粉/SBS复合改性沥青进行系统研究。试验研究表明:硅粉的加入可有效提高复合改性沥青性能,并且Si O2含量越高改性沥青的性能越好。在DSR流变试验中,相同温度下,硅粉的加入使得复数剪切模量G*以及抗车辙因子G*/sinδ均有所上升;硅粉掺量的增加使得复数剪切模量G*以及抗车辙因子呈先增大后减小的趋势,加入掺量为6%硅粉的得到的复合改性沥青性能最优。     

法赛对SBS改性沥青高低温性能的影响

为研究法赛(温拌沥青添加剂)对SBS改性沥青高低温性能的影响,采用软化点试验、动态剪切流变试验、延度试验以及弯曲梁流变试验,以测试其高低温性能的变化。试验结果表明:掺加法赛温拌剂后,SBS改性沥青的软化点和破坏温度值提升的最大幅度分别为16.0%和16.2%,使其高温性能得到较大的改善;但同时其延度和弯曲流变性能降低,低温抗裂性能变差。建议法赛温拌剂的合理掺量为3%。     

SBS改性沥青老化后的动态力学性能

为了研究老化对苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青动态力学性能的影响,通过1种基质沥青和4种SBS改性沥青的常规试验和动态剪切流变试验(DSR),分析比较了原样沥青、旋转薄膜烘箱(RTFO)老化沥青和压力老化(PAV)沥青的试验结果.研究表明:常规试验难以反映改性和非改性沥青老化后性能的差异;DSR试验则可准确地描述老化作用对改性沥青性能的影响.通过傅立叶转换红外线光谱(FTIR)试验和胶凝渗透色谱法(GPC)试验分析了SBS改性沥青的老化机理,表明SBS改性沥青的老化是由基质沥青的氧化硬化和SBS老化降解共同作用的结果,且DSR试验更能揭示聚合物改性沥青的老化特点.     

荒漠地区橡胶改性沥青老化性能试验分析

沥青老化性能试验是评价沥青路面材料使用寿命的重要方法.通过采用旋转薄膜烘箱实验(RTFOT)后残留针入度、延度试验、动态剪切流变试验(DSR)方法,得到了荒漠地区橡胶改性沥青短期、长期老化规律.结果表明:RTFOT短期老化残留针入度:橡胶改性沥青苯乙烯一丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)克拉玛依(克)90号基质沥青;相位角δ:橡胶改性沥青DSR试验SBS改性沥青基质沥青.抗老化性能压力老化实验(PAV):橡胶改性沥青SBS改性沥青克90号基质沥青.研究得出掺入橡胶粉可明显提高沥青的抗变形、抗老化性能,可为废旧橡胶粉掺入路用沥青提供科学的理论支撑与技术指导.     

岩沥青复合改性沥青流变性能

为改善岩沥青改性沥青的流变性能,使其更好地应用于实际工程,分别添加不同掺量的胶粉、SBS和岩沥青,制备得到胶粉/岩沥青复合改性沥青(CR/RACMA)和SBS/岩沥青复合改性沥青(SBS/RACMA),采用针入度、软化点和黏度试验筛选改性剂掺配方案,应用频率和温度两种扫描模式下的动态剪切流变(DSR)和弯曲梁流变(BBR)试验分析岩沥青复合改性沥青的流变性能,利用Black曲线探讨岩沥青复合改性沥青的时温等效原理有效性及黏弹特性,并通过多应力蠕变恢复试验评价岩沥青复合改性沥青的抗永久变形能力.结果表明,CR/RACMA较SBS/RACMA具有更好的高温性能和温度敏感性;CR/RACMA较SBS/RACMA具有更优的PG分级,其中添加18%胶粉和5%岩沥青的CR/RACMA的PG分级最优;SBS/RACMA具有更加明显的时温依赖性,而CR/RACMA不适用于时温等效原理;CR/RACMA较SBS/RACMA具有更高的弹性成分和更小的不可恢复应变,其中添加18%胶粉和5%岩沥青和添加14%胶粉和12%岩沥青的复合改性沥青表现出相近的抗永久变形能力.综合流变性能试验分析得到18%胶粉和5%岩沥青是岩沥青复合改性沥青的合理掺配.     

多聚磷酸改性沥青流变特性及改性机理

采用动态剪切流变、重复蠕变和弯曲梁流变等试验分别对多聚磷酸改性沥青、聚合物改性沥青以及聚合物复配多聚磷酸改性沥青在高、低温状态下的流变特性进行了系统研究.结果表明,多聚磷酸能够改善基质沥青和聚合物改性沥青的高低温性能;多聚磷酸与苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性剂在改善沥青高温性能机制上存在明显不同,多聚磷酸的掺入显著增加了沥青的黏度,而对沥青的弹性变形恢复能力贡献较小,而SBS改性剂可大幅度提高沥青的弹性变形恢复能力.采用核磁共振(NMR)试验对多聚磷酸改性沥青的改性机理进行了初步分析,发现多聚磷酸与沥青发生了接枝、磷酸酯化和环化反应,从而改变了沥青的碳链结构和化学结构,宏观上使沥青变得更加黏稠.     

考虑紫外辐射的交互老化对SBR 改性沥青流变性能的影响及其老化机理

考虑到紫外老化对丁苯橡胶SBR改性沥青性能的影响,分别采用2种交互老化方式(方式一:SBR改性沥青+旋转薄膜烘箱老化RTFOT+加压加速老化PAV+紫外老化UV;方式二:SBR改性沥青+RTFOT+UV+PAV)制备老化沥青,并对老化后5种沥青进行动态剪切流变试验DSR、蠕变劲度试验BBR、差示扫描量热试验DSC以及IR红外光谱分析。结果表明,经短期老化后的SBR改性沥青分别经历UV和PAV老化后的流变性能比较接近,但进一步分别经历PAV和UV老化后,其流变性能和老化程度变化显著,UV对于沥青的老化作用是非常明显的;不同老化顺序的交互老化结果也大不相同;相较于老化方式一,老化方式二对SBR改性沥青流变性能影响更显著;PAV和UV老化有着各自不同的老化机理,SBR改性沥青经历交互老化的实验结果正是这2种不同老化机理叠加的具体体现。     

沥青胶结料高温性能试验方法的评价

介绍了两种评价沥青高温性能的方法:动态剪切流变试验(DSR)和重复蠕变试验.测试了10种沥青的车辙因子和蠕变参数.通过混合料高温车辙试验和沥青流变分析,比较了两种试验方法在评价沥青胶结料高温性能方面的适用范围和有效性.分析结果表明:车辙因子在评价基质沥青时具有较高的准确性,但不是评价改性沥青高温性能的最佳选择;而重复蠕变试验可以作为动态剪切试验的补充,能够较准确地判定基质沥青和改性沥青的抗车辙能力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.