槽道水翼滑行艇阻力性能试验研究

在道滑行艇的槽馘寂方装上首，尾水民办以及配装上属压浪板，试验结果表明：艇起滑快，能迅速越过阻力峰区，同时对调节和改善纵倾，航态稳定，底部拍击，降低阻力性能等方面有明显的效果。在整个滑行范围内平均比原槽道滑行艇阻力下降１６．０％以上。     

断阶3体滑行艇阻力试验研究

通过3体滑行艇不同滑行面形式的对比模型试验,研究了断阶对3体滑行艇阻力性能及运动姿态的影响,比较了3体和单体滑行艇在有无断阶时的阻力性能特点,并对船体2侧喷溅进行了观察.结果表明：无断阶3体滑行艇在第2个阻力峰出现以前阻力与航态的变化趋势同无断阶单体滑行艇一致.加入断阶后3体滑行艇阻力与航态的变化与单体滑行艇加入断阶后的变化不同,断阶3体滑行艇第2个阻力峰消失,阻力随速度的提高而增大,断阶数目越多阻力增长越快;航态变化趋势与无断阶类似,第2次航态出现较大变化的时间随断阶数目的增多而提前.试验中观察发现：无断阶方案的2侧槽道有使喷溅流整顺和形成气垫的作用,而有断阶方案的槽道内喷溅流混乱.     

尾板宽度对高速排水型艇的阻力和耐波性影响

不同尾板宽度的两种艇型的阻力和耐波性试验结果表明，高速排水型艇的尾板相对宽度ＢＴ／Ｂｘ对阻力和耐波性均有影响，ＢＴ／Ｂｘ值过小的艇，其剩余阻力系数明显增加。ＢＴ／Ｂｘ作为影响高速排水型艇航行性能的船型参数较之尾板相对面积ＡＴ／Ａｘ更恰当，综合阻力和耐波性试验结果，ＢＴ／Ｂｘ值取等于或略大于０．７５是适宜的。     

查洁法结合RANS方程的滑行艇阻力计算方法

针对雷诺平均Navier Stokes（RANS）方程结合流体积法（VOF）计算滑行艇阻力耗时较长、现有滑行艇阻力估算公式精度较低且适用范围有限,提出了一种查洁法结合RANS方程的滑行艇阻力计算方法.通过求解艇体平衡方程,迭代求出艇体航态,动态计及升沉和纵倾角对艇体流场和阻力计算的影响.对于艇体航态变化显著时的阻力计算（体积傅氏数F>1.5）,先采用查洁法估算初始纵倾角,再求解RANS方程可大幅提高计算效率.采用该方法计算了现代滑行艇模型4667 1和SM5的阻力、升沉和纵倾角,并与试验结果对比.结果表明：0.26≤F≤6.03,阻力计算值与试验值误差小于7%,升沉和纵倾角计算值与试验值吻合良好,从而验证了所提出的计算方法有效性.     

滑行艇阻力数值预报若干影响因素研究

针对滑行艇数值模拟中艇底出现异常水气分布的问题,研究了流体体积法(VOF)界面插值格式,网格类型、网格数目、时间步长等因素对滑行艇性能数值预报的影响,并提出改进措施.研究表明:当基于相同的结构化网格及计算设置时,采用几何重构界面插值格式预报滑行艇的阻力及底部水气分布最为准确,任意网格可压缩界面捕捉格式次之,修正的高分辨率界面捕捉格式最差.通过选择合理的网格类型及网格数目也可以改善滑行船体性能预报精度.SATR-CCM+采用多面体网格可以较为准确预报滑行艇体的流场和阻力.建议在滑行艇的阻力及流场预报中采用几何重构的VOF界面插值方式,减小时间步,选择多面体网格并进行适当的网格加密,这样可以提高水气界面捕捉的精度,减小阻力预报的误差.     

基于FLUELT的滑行艇直航运动数值模拟计算

针对滑行艇运动的水动力性能预报问题,在FLUENT软件平台上,使用VOF方法,结合RNGk-ε模型,通过求解Navier-Stokes方程,对水面滑行艇的直航运动进行数值模拟计算,获得滑行艇航行阻力随航速变化规律.该规律直观反映了滑行艇周围流场变化情况和滑行艇艇底的压力变化情况.FLUENT计算结果与船模试验值及理论估计值的比较结果证明了在FLUENT平台上模拟水面滑行艇直航运动和研究水动力性能的可行性,该方法具有较高的准确性.     

变角度尾压浪板对断级滑行艇阻力性能的影响

为了研究尾压浪板安装角对断级滑行艇阻力性能的影响,对尾压浪板安装角β=2°,3°,4.5°的双断级滑行艇模型进行试验研究,并利用计算流体动力学软件CFX对容积Froude数Fr_▽=0.44~5.20的模型绕流场进行模拟,分析了尾压浪板的作用机制,以及不同β角的尾压浪板的水动力特性,探讨了尾压浪板安装角对断级后空穴和各滑行面负荷系数的影响.结果表明,增大尾压浪板安装角,可使断级滑行艇得到较好的低速阻力性能,并且在对高速段阻力影响较小的同时提高发生海豚运动的临界速度.     

滑行艇静水直航及波浪中运动的数值模拟

为准确估算滑行艇的水动力性能,基于RANSE VOF求解器,选取滑行艇拖曳阻力模型实验和耐波性模型实验,采用切割体网格和整体动网格技术,对滑行艇在静水中的高速直航和在规则波浪中的迎浪运动进行了多自由度数值模拟.为验证模拟的真实性,将模拟计算值与实验值进行比较,结果表明,计算流体动力学技术可以准确且高效地模拟滑行艇在静水以及波浪中高速航行时的运动姿态和水动力特性,为滑行艇设计提供可靠的参考依据.     

片体对滑行艇横向抗倾覆性影响的数值研究

为提升滑行艇的横向抗倾覆性,提出了一种能够自由收放片体的新概念滑行艇,并对其单体和三体形态强迫横倾时的横向复原力臂和阻力进行了分析.首先,采用RANSE-VOF求解器计算无横倾时的阻力和航态,并开展试验进行验证.然后,模拟两种形态下不同固定横倾角静水中艇周围的绕流场,分析横倾角和片体纵横向位置对横向复原力臂和阻力的影响.研究结果表明:相比无横倾,当单体艇处于滑行阶段较小横倾时阻力显著下降,横倾角的增大使复原力臂更容易随航速增加而被提升;片体的释放能极大提升艇的横向抗倾覆性,且横倾角越大,效果越明显;当排水或半滑行阶段发生较小横倾时,片体横向比率应大于0.6,纵向应稍靠前,当发生较大横倾时,能够获得较大横向复原力臂的片体纵向位置随航速增加逐渐向后移动.     

基于2D+t势流方法的滑行艇静水姿态预报研究

为了预报滑行艇在静水中的运动姿态及垂向力分布情况,采用2D+t势流方法,将滑行艇直航问题转化为二维剖面入水砰击问题,建立滑行艇静水运动姿态的时域预报模型．对滑行艇剖面入水砰击载荷采用MLM(改进Logvinovich模型)砰击模型进行计算,并针对2D+t理论对滑行艇静压力及首尾部水动力三维效应预报的不足之处进行了改进．针对滑行艇约束模,改进2D+t方法得到的垂向力沿船长方向分布情况能够与三维黏流CFD(计算流体力学)结果符合较好;针对自由模,改进2D+t方法得到的运动姿态能够与模型试验结果符合较好,证明了改进2D+t方法对滑行艇在静水中的水动力问题具有较好的预报精度．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.