Si在GaP(111)衬底上的分子束外延

在用分子束外延技术制备半导体异质结时,选择晶格常数相匹配的材料是获得高质量外延膜的关键因素之一.Si和GaP这两种材料的晶格失配仅为0.37%,而且它们的热膨胀系数和弹性常数也非常接近,因此Si/GaP系统是一种非常适用于分子束外延生长的结构.本文对这一体系的外延生长特性作了初步的研究. 外延生长是在一台超高真空电子束蒸发装置中进行的,它由相互间可以隔离的生长室、分析室和进样室三部分组成.生长室中配有8kW的电子束蒸发器、石英晶体厚度监视器、高能电子衍射仪(RHEED)、液氮冷屏罩和一个可使样品自转的样品架.生长室的极限真空度可达8×10~(-9)Pa,工作时压强保持在1×10~(-7)Pa.Si的蒸发速率为0.4A/S,     

分解GaP源固态分子束外延生长InGaP/GaAs的结构和性能

采用分解GaP这一新型固态P源分子束外延在GaAs衬底成功制备了InGaP外延薄膜.3μm厚的InGaP外延层低温荧光峰位是1.998 eV,半峰宽为5.26 meV.双晶摇摆曲线的线宽同GaAs衬底相近.霍尔测量非故意掺杂InGaP外延层的室温迁移率同其他源或其他方法生长的外延层结果类似.     

AsCl_3/Ga/H_2系统GaAs外延片的高分辨率深能级瞬态谱研究

用 AsCl_3/Ga/H_2气相外延系统在 GaAs 衬底上生长出GaAs 外延层并制成 Au-GaAs 肖特基结构.利用高分辨率深能级瞬态谱(HDDLTS)仪研究了外延层中深能级的特性.结果表明,缺陷和杂质在外延层中引进若干较高浓度的深能级,经退火后缺陷深能级会被消除.     

Ge基GaInP材料结构和光学性质研究

采用高分辨透射电子显微图像(HRTEM)、光致发光谱(PL)和原子力显微镜(AFM)技术等研究了金属有机化学气相沉积(MOVPE)技术制备的Ge基Ga In P异质外延层的结构和光学性质.研究表明,Ga In P带边发光峰能量位置随温度变化的倒"S"型变化来源于局域态和本征态发光之间的竞争;同时,实验中观察到了由[Ge(Ga,In)-V(Ga,In)]络合物所引起的1.4 e V左右的宽发光峰.不同偏角衬底的Ga In P外延层的变温PL谱和AFM分析表明,9°偏角的Ge衬底上生长的Ga In P外延层的有序度比6°偏角时减小,表面形貌更为平整.此外,Ge衬底和Ga In P之间插入超薄Al As层会增加Ga In P材料的有序度.当Al As界面层厚度由0.5 nm增加到5 nm时,观察到了由于应力增加所导致的Ga In P材料有序度的增加,从而导致载流子弛豫时间增加且呈双指数规律衰减.在Ge/Al As/Ga In P结构中,100 K下的PL谱中出现了与P空位相关的1.57 e V左右宽发光峰,并且该发光峰强度随Al As界面层厚度的增加而增强.     

双补偿p-n结GaAs红外发光二极管

双补偿p-n结(即p-n结两边均为两性杂质所补偿)发光二极管具有p-i-n三重结构。这种发光二极管的主要特点是具有较高的外量子效率。因为si在GaAs中是两性杂质,我们用液相外延法,在GaAs中掺Si制成双补偿p-n结GaAs红外发光二极管。其发光外量子效率比其他几何形状相近的二极管有明显的提高。较好的半球型发光二极管在没镀增透射膜(Si0)的情况下,外量子效率达到了15％。这种双补偿p-n结是用液相外延法,在生长过程中由于温度的降低Si在GaAs中转型而形成的.在开始生长温度较高时Si占据Ga的位置,形成n型层,当温度较低时Si就占据As的位置,因此大约在低于850℃时外延生长层为p型层。     

LP-MOCVD生长InGaAlP外延层中In并入效率的研究

分析了In原子在InGaAlP外延生长表面的扩散、并及及脱附过程，给出了In并入外延层的效率表达式，依据该表达式，解释了生长速率、生长温度及生长压力等生长参数对LP－MOCVD生长InGaAlP外延层中In组分的影响。     

沉积温度对GaAs薄膜微观结构的影响

为探讨沉积温度对GaAs薄膜外延生长过程中微观结构的影响,运用分子动力学方法模拟不同沉积温度时的GaAs薄膜外延生长过程.结果表明:在温度低于800 K时,沉积薄膜的晶格完整度和临界外延生长厚度随沉积温度的升高而增加;当沉积温度在800～1500 K时,晶格完整度随沉积温度的升高变化较为平缓,但此时薄膜中仍含有一定的点缺陷.随着温度的升高,点缺陷逐渐减少.As2的吸附率对温度的变化较为敏感,当沉积温度高于800 K时,As2开始脱吸,致使沉积薄膜中As原子比例随沉积温度的升高而降低.在整个沉积过程中,Ga的吸附率较为稳定,在温度低于1000K时,其吸附率几乎为100%;在1000 K时,Ga逐渐发生少量脱吸;在温度高于1400 K时,Ga才发生明显脱吸.     

电子束外延生长Er_2O_3单晶薄膜

使用电子束外延的方法在p型Si(001)和Si(111)衬底上,在700℃、7×10-6Torr的条件下首次实现了Er2O3单晶薄膜的生长。薄膜的结晶情况依赖于薄膜的生长温度和氧气压。在较低的温度和较低的氧气压下在薄膜内容易生成硅化铒,薄膜也趋于多晶化。而且,生长在SiO2/Si衬底上的Er2O3单晶薄膜的结晶情况和表面粗糙度比生长在清洁的Si衬底上的薄膜要好很多。     

GaP:N外延层特性的研究

本文研究了生长条件对GaP:N外延层的形貌、生长速率、位错密度、S坑密度、氮浓度、少子寿命的影响。实验表明,外延层中的氮浓度、少子寿命随外延生长起始温度的升高而增大。用GaN作为掺杂氮源,在1037—980℃温度范围生长的外延层中氮浓度不高于5.6×10~(17)cm~(-3);LEC GaP衬底(τ_m～5ns)上在995—900℃温度范围生长的外延层,其少子寿命可达～130ns。外延层中的位错密度和衬底中大体相同,但S坑密度降低一个数量级。     

Al2O3衬底上低温生长GaN薄膜的一种新方法

研究了 ECR- PAMOCVD在蓝宝石衬底上生长 Ga N外延层时衬底的清洗方法和缓冲层结构对于 Ga N晶体质量的影响 ,提出了新的衬底清洗方法和双缓冲层结构 .实验表明这种方法能够提供一个很好的生长基底 ,可以有效地改善 Ga N外延层的晶体质量     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to