水泥-水玻璃浆液在圆砾层的扩散规律

基于浆液在孔隙介质中的渗流方程,推导出了圆砾层中浆液流动时间、注浆量、扩散半径的计算式,并在一定的假设条件下,获得了水泥-水玻璃浆液粘度随时间变化的规律,探讨了不同注浆压力和浆液流动时间对浆液扩散半径的影响.浆液扩散半径随注浆压力的增大呈非线性增大,随浆液流动时间的增大呈非线性减小.圆砾层防渗注浆工程实例验证了圆砾层双液注浆计算式的正确性.     

盾构隧道壁后空洞注浆对管片受力特性的影响

为研究盾构隧道壁后空洞注浆浆液的扩散机理及其对管片受力的影响规律,基于修正达西定律对黏性土中浆液的扩散半径和管片产生的压力计算公式进行了推导,并以西安地铁某区间隧道涌水事故为依托,利用推导的注浆压力公式,采用地层-结构模型得到了管片壁后空洞注浆部位及注浆压力对管片受力的影响规律。结果表明:同一注浆位置,当注浆压力不断降低时,管片的轴力值、弯矩值以及管片上浮呈不断降低的趋势;除了控制截面有稍微旋转之外,设计工况下的管片轴力值、弯矩值与模拟过程中注浆压力为0.3 MPa时的情况相近,注浆压力超过0.9MPa时,结构产生明显的偏压,甚至出现管片裂缝以及结构破损;不同注浆部位施加相同注浆压力时,当注浆位置为隧道顶部和底部时,管片的力学形态发生了较大的变化,特别是弯矩值,增加幅度可达1.5~2倍,隧道侧面注浆使弯矩分布发生一定程度的旋转,甚至反转。     

基于螺栓接头受力性能的盾尾注浆压力控制

对采用螺栓接头的管片,管片间接头主要靠两种效应,即端面摩擦效应及螺栓抗剪效应,来平衡注浆压力对管片接头的剪切,认为端面摩擦效应主要在管片发生相对位移前发生作用,之后则螺栓抗剪效应是主要的.通过引入等效空隙率替代土体本身的空隙率来考虑建筑间隙的影响,对盾尾注浆情况下因注浆而对管片造成的压力进行了理论推导,得到注浆对管片产生的压力计算式.结果表明:注浆对管片产生的压力,随注浆时间的增长、注浆压力的增大而增大.将接头螺栓的抗剪效应与注浆对管片产生的压力结合起来,据接头螺栓的剪切破坏条件来控制注浆压力和注浆时间,即在求得注浆压力产生的螺栓剪应力前提下,要求该剪应力小于螺栓的许用剪应力,从而实现对注浆压力及注浆时间的控制.     

深立井地面注浆浆液渗流规律数值模拟与应用

为研究深立井基岩段地面预注浆浆液渗流规律,以淮南某矿改扩建工程第二副井基岩段地面预注浆工程作为研究对象,将浆液裂隙流等效为多孔介质渗流,建立考虑注浆压力与岩石变形耦合效应的流固耦合注浆模型,运用数值模拟方法,分析裂隙基岩段地面预注浆浆液扩散半径和注浆压力与岩石渗透系数之间的关系。结果表明在其他因素保持不变的情况下,多孔注浆注入浆液量和浆液的扩散半径随注浆压力和渗透系数的增加而逐渐增加。揭示深立井裂隙基岩段地面预注浆浆液渗流规律,并成功应用于工程实践,为今后类似工程注浆参数设计与优化提供了参考。     

盾构壁后注浆宾汉姆浆液驱替渗透扩散模型

以宾汉姆流型浆液为研究对象,基于浆液对地下水的驱替效应,运用广义达西定律及渗流力学相关理论,推导了壁后注浆球形驱替渗透扩散模型.通过算例分析了考虑浆液驱替效应时浆液的渗流扩散特征,并针对影响浆液渗透扩散的主要因素进行了分析.结果表明:考虑浆液驱替效应时,扩散锋面浆液压力随着扩散距离的增加沿下凹形曲线递减,虽然锋面浆液压力变化量较小,但对浆液的扩散半径影响较大,注浆1 h时浆液扩散距离减小约23%.     

基于颗粒流方法的土体压密注浆细观机理

为揭示高压注浆过程中浆液的扩散规律与压密效果,运用颗粒流方法对不同注浆压力、不同土体黏结力、不同土体摩擦因数下浆泡半径以及注浆效果的细观规律和机理进行分析。采用颗粒流fish语言建立注浆过程模型,采用伺服机制施加不同注浆压力模拟注浆过程。研究结果表明:随着注浆压力增大,注浆点周围的土体不断被压缩,孔隙率变小,且0.5 m内土体最易受影响,变形速率最快;与此同时,注浆压力增大,周围土体的附加应力不断增加;对于特定的土体条件,都存在1个最佳注浆压力;土体颗粒之间的黏结力对于浆液扩散的影响较大;土体黏结力较小时,注浆后浆泡半径随注浆压力增大变化明显,但当黏结力较大时,浆泡尺寸基本不随注浆压力变化,即土体黏结力较大时,压密注浆效果大大削弱;土体颗粒之间摩擦因数的变化对注浆效果影响不大。     

施工期盾构隧道上浮机理与控制对策分析

从盾构隧道上覆土的最小厚度计算入手,提出因注浆浆液或泥浆、水等液体包裹管片而形成的静态浮力通常不足以使隧道上浮;在分析注浆压力分布模式的基础上,将注浆压力可能产生的动态上浮力与浆液环产生的静态浮力进行了比较,认为因注浆压力产生的动态上浮力是盾构隧道施工中产生上浮的主要原因,进而提出了控制盾构隧道管片上浮的最小上覆土厚度及最大注浆压力计算式,验算结果与实际情况吻合;最后,基于对管片上浮机理的分析,对管片上浮控制提出了一些建议,并提出为防止管片上浮,需依据埋深、周围土体特性、注浆孔在管片环上的位置情况等对注浆压力实施动态控制.     

采空区岩体粗糙单裂隙中浆液扩散机理研究

以某采空区岩体粗糙裂隙为研究对象,基于有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics构建了三维粗糙单裂隙注浆模型,分析岩体裂隙中的浆液流动规律,研究了不同的裂隙面粗糙度、开度、注浆压力、裂隙倾角及浆液黏度影响的浆液扩散机理。结果表明,裂隙面粗糙度影响浆液的扩散面轮廓,粗糙度越大,浆液扩散阻力越大,浆液扩散各向异性越强;注浆速率与开度为二次多项式关系,裂隙开度越大,注浆速率的损失越小;注浆压力对浆液扩散轮廓的影响较弱,但改变了浆液的扩散半径,且注浆压力与扩散半径为正相关、与注浆速率呈二次多项式关系,注浆压力越大,注浆速率的损耗越低;浆液黏度并不影响其扩散的各向异性,仅改变浆液扩散的范围。研究成果表明了采空区粗糙裂隙中的浆液扩散机理,为采空区注浆范围的预测及加固决策提供了理论支持。     

动水作用下单一裂隙浆液扩散机理研究

在理论分析基础上,通过适当简化,建立了动水条件下单裂隙浆液扩散数学模型.获得了浆液极限扩散方程,并计算得到了逆水极限扩散半径与最大扩散开度的理论解答.逆水极限扩散半径与浆水速比成正比关系;浆液最大扩散开度与浆水速比成正比关系.实际注浆过程中,其比例系数为浆液粘度、裂隙倾角等因素的函数,而在理想流体假设条件下,其比例系数...     

黏土固化浆液充填富水岩溶的抗渗性能研究

为了研究黏土固化浆液充填富水岩溶的抗渗性能,开发了一套室内富水岩溶浆液结石体渗透系数测试装置.通过室内试验,模拟了不同注浆参数和地层排水速度下黏土固化浆液充填富水岩溶的注浆过程,得到了浆液结石体的完整试样,测得了岩溶水养护下试样的渗透系数.试验结果表明:黏土固化浆液具有良好的加固防渗性能,岩溶水养护下28d渗透系数可达1×10-6 cm/s,完全满足富水岩溶充填注浆防渗设计要求;各因素对结石体渗透系数影响程度依次为注浆压力、浆液水固比、地层排水速度,且结石体渗透系数与浆液水固比、地层排水速度呈正相关关系,与注浆压力呈负相关关系.对于实际注浆工程,在地层排水速度一定的情况下,可通过调节注浆压力、优化浆液水固比等方式,来获得较优的结石体抗渗性能.通过电子显微镜扫描进行微观分析可知:微观结构上的差异与宏观结石体渗透系数的变化规律一致,随着注浆压力的增大,颗粒间间距逐渐减小,结石体电镜结构形态依次表现为松散絮状、松散片状、较密实团状及密实板状,结石体密实度进一步提高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to