深穴空心推力圆锥滚子轴承的设计及接触分析

为了克服推力圆锥滚子轴承中直母线滚子的端部应力集中问题,设计了一种深穴空心圆锥滚子轴承,它兼备了空心结构和深穴结构的优点.通过有限元方法分析了实心滚子、空心滚子、深穴滚子和深穴空心滚子的应力分布,并研究了空心度、深穴深度和深穴直径对深穴空心滚子接触应力的影响规律.结果表明:深穴空心圆锥滚子的应力分布优于其他三种结构,深穴结构可以明显改善滚子端部的应力集中现象;圆锥滚子的空心度为55%时较为合理;随着深穴深度和深穴直径的增大,滚子端部的应力变小,而中段的应力却变大.最后,通过对圆柱型、圆锥型和球面型深穴结构的比较,发现圆锥型深穴结构更为合理,且加工方便.     

偏载工况下深穴空心圆柱滚子轴承力学分析

"偏载效应"和"端部效应"是引起圆柱滚子轴承发生过早失效的主要因素之一。深穴空心结构可有效降低滚子"端部效应",降低其失效概率。为研究偏载工况下深穴空心圆柱滚子轴承的服役特性,本文建立了实心、空心和深穴空心圆柱滚子轴承数值仿真模型,探讨了不同偏载工况下圆柱滚子的接触力学性能。结果发现,深穴空心圆柱滚子比实心圆柱滚子、空心圆柱滚子更适应于偏载工况;当偏载系数大于1.6时滚子出现局部承载;滚子空心度越小,其端部应力集中现象越明显。研究结果可为滚子轴承的安装设计、失效分析、安全评价、维修等提供理论依据。     

高铁圆锥滚子轴承滚子与滚道间的接触分析

基于Hertz接触理论与滚子切片理论,对高铁圆锥滚子轴承中不同凸形的滚子与滚道间的接触问题进行了数值分析.建立了滚子-滚道接触应力与接触载荷计算模型,对CRH3型高铁用轴承进行实例分析,求解其在滚子母线方向上的应力与载荷分布,并计算对数曲线型滚子在满载情况下的最佳凸度量.结果表明:滚子的应力集中程度与所受载荷大小相关;滚子的对数曲线型只能减小并不能消除滚子的应力集中现象;滚子的最佳凸度量略小于理论凸度值.     

双列圆锥滚子轴承动力学分析

基于滚动轴承动力学理论,建立了双列圆锥滚子轴承动力学分析模型。采用精细积分法和预估-校正Adams-Bashforth-Moulton多步法相结合的方法,对轴承非线性动力学微分方程进行求解。研究了双列圆锥滚子轴承的最大接触压力、滚子打滑率、滚子歪斜角以及轴承疲劳寿命等动态性能。分析结果表明:轴承的最大接触压力随轴向预紧量的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,最佳预紧量随外载荷的增加而变大;滚子歪斜角随径向载荷的增加而变大,"压紧"侧的滚子歪斜角略微大于"放松"侧;轴承疲劳寿命随轴向预紧量的增加而增大直至最大值,随后迅速下降。     

弹流润滑悬挂式转子支承轴承轴向刚度的计算

以悬挂式转子的圆锥滚子支承轴承为研究对象,根据Hertz接触理论得出了沿圆锥滚子母线方向的弹性变形量表达式;根据弹性流体动力润滑的Dowson-Higginson油膜厚度公式得出了沿圆锥滚子母线的油膜厚度表达式;推导出考虑油膜厚度时计算圆锥滚子轴承轴向刚度的数学公式.并用一个实际算例说明,当轴向载荷不高的情况下,油膜的存在对轴承刚度影响较大,实际计算中不应忽略.     

转盘轴承对数修形滚子的特性分析

基于ABAQUS建立转盘轴承对数修形滚子与滚道接触的局部有限元模型,分析对数修形滚子在滚动和滑动工况下转盘轴承的应力分布。结果表明:随滚动和滑动的速度增加,应力分布趋势相同,但应力值变化不大,可以忽略速度对应力分布的影响。载荷较小时,滚道上应力分布均匀。载荷较大时,滚子端部与滚道接触位置应力明显增加。随载荷增加,模型整体应力值变大。摩擦因数增加,滚道上应力分布均匀,等效应力和接触应力变化不大,交变应力变大,且最大交变应力向滚道表面移动。     

轴承滚子加工精度对高速电主轴动力学性能的影响

以高速电主轴为研究对象,建立了能够在考虑滚子加工精度的情况下计算电主轴支承轴承每一个滚子受力和轴承刚度的计算模型和转子的动力学模型。结合具体算例研究了滚子加工精度对轴承轴心轨迹、转子临界转速、前三阶振型及不平衡响应的影响,同时研究了径向载荷对高速电主轴不平衡响应的影响。数值计算结果表明,当滚子的加工精度在理想状态时,轴承轴心运动轨迹为一个椭圆,随着滚子加工精度的降低,轴承轴心运动轨迹不再是一个椭圆。当滚动体加工精度和轴向载荷不变时,径向载荷越大,轴端的不平衡响应振幅越大。随着滚动体加工精度的降低,转子的临界转速减小,前三阶振型基本不变。当转子角速度相同时,加工精度越低,转子不平衡响应振幅越大;当加工精度不变时,随着转子角速度的增大,转子不平衡响应振幅越大。     

椭圆管道与连接器过盈装配应力有限元分析

基于组合厚壁圆筒理论和管道与连接器过盈装配有限元计算,分析了海底椭圆管道与机械连接器水下过盈装配的应力问题。采用数值模拟的方法分析过盈装配过程中的产生的极值有效应力并引入椭圆度应力系数大小衡量应力集中效应强弱。结果表明,管道接触应力与等效过盈量密切相关,而椭圆度影响过盈面接触应力分布的均匀性。椭圆度应力系数越大,管道应力集中效应越明显,承载的应力越大。随着椭圆度增大,通过适当增加等效过盈量的办法,即可增大过盈装配应力的承载能力。     

基于ANSYS Workbench对圆柱面过盈配合接触应力的研究

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench,模拟空心轴与包容件的过盈配合过程,通过改变单一因素的实验方法,分析圆柱面过盈配合中接触应力分布情况和各个因素的关系.本文分析了过盈量、包容件外径、接触宽度、轴向拉力和压力的影响因素.对实验结果进行分析得出如下结论:轴和包容件的接触区域的最高等效应力区,受到边缘效应的影响,最高应力集中区出现在端部边缘处.包容件在靠近边缘的中间部位出现低应力区域.空心轴表面的应力值呈现出从一端到另端逐渐增加的现象.     

转台轴承静刚度建模及其影响因素分析

为了改善转台的动静特性,分析了三排圆柱滚子转台轴承静刚度与轴承结构型式、装配工艺和外载荷的关系。结合轴承游隙、螺钉拧紧力矩、径向与轴向滚子间的相互作用和外载荷等因素,将轴向滚子与轴圈间的接触看作理想平面接触,考虑径向滚子压力沿轴向的分布,并利用Boussinesq力与变形关系式求解实际的压力值,通过求解轴承的整体静力平衡方程,得到了三排圆柱滚子转台轴承5个方向的静刚度值。分析结果表明:转台固有频率测试与理论值误差不超过3.0%,验证了刚度理论模型的准确性;轴向滚子与径向滚子载荷间的相互作用很小;螺钉拧紧力矩、径向游隙和外载荷对转台轴承刚度有重要影响,随着螺钉拧紧力矩和径向预压量的增大,外载荷对刚度的影响减弱。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to