水果和蔬菜中苯醚甲环唑残留量的气相色谱-串联质谱测定方法研究

目的建立气相色谱-串联质谱法测定水果和蔬菜中苯醚甲环唑残留的分析方法.方法试样用乙腈提取,经Sep-Pak Carbon NH2固相萃取柱净化,气相色谱分离,串联质谱多反应监测模式下测定,外标法定量.结果苯醚甲环唑质量浓度在0.01mg/L~2.5mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R0.996.苯醚甲环唑在不同基质中平均回收率为73.40%~115.1%,相对标准偏差为4.86%~13.24%,检出限为0.005mg/kg.结论该方法灵敏度高,选择性好,抗干扰能力强,适合苯醚甲环唑残留量的定性确证分析和定量分析.     

气相色-质联用法测定食品中腐霉利残留量

建立了气相色谱-质谱法测定食品中腐霉利的快速分析方法。样品用乙腈提取,通过石墨化碳固相萃取柱净化,经DB-5 ms气相色谱柱分离,正电子电离（EI⁺）、选择离子监测模（SIM）为定量离子和定性离子进行MS测定。结果表明,腐霉利添加水平为0.010、0.020和0.040mg/kg 时,回收率为102.8%～111.3%,相对标准偏差小于10%,最低检出限为0.005mg/kg。本方法具有很高的灵敏度和准确度,能够满足食品中腐霉利残留量的快速、高灵敏检测分析。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定食品中残留的艾氏剂和狄氏剂

建立了一种测定食品中艾氏剂和狄氏剂残留量的气相色谱-质谱方法.样品中的艾氏剂和狄氏剂经丙酮-正己烷混合溶剂均质提取,凝胶层析柱结合弗罗里硅土固相萃取小柱净化,气相色谱-质谱选择离子方法进行测定,外标法定量.实验结果表明:样品中加入5～200μg/kg浓度水平的艾氏剂和狄氏剂,回收率在79.8%～106.2%之间,相对标准偏差小于7.17%(RSD,n=10).本方法线性响应良好,提取效率高,干扰少,可用于粮谷、蔬菜、水果等植物产品以及肉、鱼等动物产品中艾氏剂和狄氏剂残留量的测定.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定木制文具中含氯苯酚

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定木制文具中10种含氯苯酚(三氯苯酚、四氯苯酚、五氯苯酚)的方法.采用甲醇提取试样,含氯苯酚在碳酸钾溶液中经乙酸酐乙酰化后用正己烷萃取,再由气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行测定.含氯苯酚类化合物在0.1 mg/kg～200.0 mg/kg范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r)为0.999 6～0.999 9,检出限(LOD)均为0.1 mg/kg,加标回收率在88.3¹03.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)(n=6)小于6%.结果表明,该方法操作简便,回收率好,重现性好.     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中双甲脒及其代谢产物残留

建立了同时测定蜂蜜中的双甲脒及其代谢产物2,4-二甲基苯胺残留量的固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法。对固相微萃取的实验条件(萃取纤维、萃取时间、p H值等)进行了选择和优化,并建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)的仪器检测方法。结果表明:在优化的实验条件下,双甲脒和2,4-二甲基苯胺的最低检出限分别为0.5μg/kg和3.0μg/kg;在0.01~1.0 mg/kg的浓度范围内,二者的添加回收率范围分别为81.9%~98.2%和75.5%~90.6%,相对标准偏差分别为5.0%~15.4%和7.9%~17.2%。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、准确可靠,适用于蜂蜜中双甲脒及2,4-二甲基苯胺的检测。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定鱼肉中丁香酚的残留

研究建立一种鱼肉中丁香酚(eugenol)残留量的固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱检测方法.样品采用正己烷提取,硅胶柱净化,乙酸乙酯洗脱,气相色谱-质谱测定,内标法定量.丁香酚的响应值与其质量浓度在0.005~0.5 mg·L-1范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 8;10~200μg·kg-1添加浓度的日内和日间平均回收率为80.6%~93.2%,相对标准偏差为3.47%~8.47%;检出限为5μg·kg-1,最低定量限为10μg·kg-1.该方法适用于鱼肉中丁香酚残留的检测.     

气相色谱-质谱法快速测定电子电气产品中溴化阻燃剂

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定电子电气产品中溴化阻燃剂多溴联苯(PBBs)、多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的快速方法。样品经粉碎、超声萃取,用SCAN和SIM扫描,利用保留时间定性,质谱特征离子定量分析。结果表明:多溴联苯混标和多溴联苯醚混标的检出限、回收率和重复性都较好,方法检出限2 mg/kg,PBBs和PBDEs的回收率范围为80%～96%。本方法具有简便快速、灵敏度高、准确可靠等特点,符合对电子电气产品中塑料原料及部件中溴化阻燃剂的分析测试要求。     

粮谷中21种薰蒸剂残留量同时检测的顶空气相色谱方法的研究

采用气相色谱法电子俘获检测器,顶空进样装置建立了同时测定玉米、糙米、花生、大豆、小豆5种粮谷中三氯甲烷等21种熏蒸剂残留量的检测方法。21种熏蒸剂在0.05～10μg/mL范围内线性良好,线性相关系数均大于0.999。除顺-1,3-二氯丙烯和反-1,3-二氯丙烯为0.01mg/kg外,其余测定低限均为0.005mg/kg。在0.005～0.1mg/kg添加水平范围内,回收率范围为70.0%～95.5%。实验结果表明,建立的该检测方法样品用量少,操作简便,快速,分离完全,成本低,易普及,该方法定性、定量准确,完全满足国外检测要求,可广泛用于粮谷中熏蒸剂的检验。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定内墙涂料中的游离甲醛

本文建立了内墙涂料中游离甲醛的气相色谱-质谱联用测定方法。优化了甲醛与2,4-二硝基苯肼的衍生条件。研究数据显示,该方法简便快捷、准确可靠。加标回收率在87.5%-94.6%之间;相对偏差小于5%,检出限为0.5 mg/kg。     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定环境土壤中21种有机氯农药

建立了气相色谱-质谱法同时测定环境土壤中21种有机氯农药的分析方法。环境土壤基质经过萃取、净化和浓缩后用气相色谱-质谱法进行测定。研究结果表明:21种有机氯农药在0.2~4.0mg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.997 9。4,4'-DDT和2,4'-DDT的检出限为0.02mg/kg,其余19种有机氯农药的检出限为0.01mg/kg。在0.25mg/kg添加水平下的回收率为62.5%~103.0%,RSD为4.8%~9.1%;在0.80mg/kg添加水平下的回收率为70.8%~99.8%,RSD为3.2%~7.4%。本方法适用于环境土壤基质中21种有机氯农药的同时测定,为土壤环境中有机氯农药检测方法拓展提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to