给力!信息消费苗圩：谈＂信息消费＂

在我们的日常工作生活中，收发电子邮件、信息查询与浏览、下载文件、网络聊天、写写博客、接受远程教育、进行网上购物等行为变得越来越稀松平常，甚至成了日常必需。或许我们都未在意，其实当我们在做这些事的时候，我们就在进行“信息消费”，信息消费已经成为当前一种时尚。8月14日，国务院印发《关于促进信息消费扩大内需的若干意见》，将“信息消费”这个字眼正式带入公众视线，预示着我国信息消费时代的到来。     

基于光学小波系统的DNA序列编码区预测

针对理论预测DNA序列编码区问题，引人信息值对DNA序列进行统计信息编码，把统计信息值输入到光学小波变换系统中，进行光学小波分析，分析结果作为预测DNA序列编码区的主要依据．     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

＂夹缝中求生存＂——高职院校艺术类专业现状与反思

近年来，我国高等院校招生规模的不断扩大，高职院校作为高等院校的一个重要组成部分突飞猛进的发展。但高职院校的艺术类专业由于其专业特点，在快速发展的过程中基础不牢固、师资匮乏等诸多问题越来越明显的呈现出来，本文旨在探析高职院校艺术类专业的现状，并思考高职院校艺术类专业的发展面临的困难及应对的措施。     

8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物ITS区序列及其系统学意义

采用克隆测序的方法，测定8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核糖体DNA的内转录间隔区(ITS)序列，加上1种从GenBank查得的ITS序列，经对位排列后有218个位点是变化的，其中91个位点对于简约分析是有效的信息位点．序列GC的含量相对较高，GC的含量在66．1％～75．4％之间，使得蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的ITS区序列的测定存在一定困难．对于蜘蛛抱蛋属的分子系统学研究，ITS区是一段很有价值的DNA片段。     

基于WindowsDNA的信息系统实现

文章分析了Windows DNA的技术特点，并依据Windows DNA的技术思想，讨了以组件对象模型为中心的信息系统开发方法。     

＂宽带浙江＂助推信息消费

宽带网络是现代经济和社会生活的重要基础设施。建设一个宽带、融合、泛在、安全的下一代信息基础设施对加快“两化”深度融合、建设“智慧浙江”、拉动信息消费具有特殊意义。     

＂龙卷风＂：俄海军舰艇的＂奇葩＂

俄罗斯泽列诺多利斯克市设计局在统一平台上打造的21632型“龙卷风”级沿岸隐形战舰家族，是俄海军舰艇制造业中的一朵奇葩。这个系列的战舰虽然尺寸、吨位、级别不大，但是它设计独特，性能优越，威力巨大，可与轻型护卫舰相提并论，能执行广泛多样的作战任务，     

上海开辟＂车联网＂产业基地

46家来自产学研各方的单位签约,成立＂上海车联网与车载信息服务产业联盟＂,同名的产业基地也在嘉定安亭＂上海国际汽车城信息产业园＂挂牌。我国已成世界头号汽车生产大国,去年产量突破1800万辆,2011年可望超2000万辆。但专家表示,国内汽车销量虽占全球26%,但汽车信息化投入仅占4％。     

数学解译核酸多样性

以离散数学理论和方法与生命科学原理，讨论mRNA的转录和DNA的复制及其基因信息的传输这一异常复杂的高序化特异反应过程。其信息符号(mRNA：U、C、A、G，DNA：T、C、A、G)对基因信息的传入与传出、保留与变异起着最主要的作用。例证核苷酸、脱氧核苷酸的4种信息符号的排序变化是mRNA、DNA分子结构多样性的基本原因，尤其DNA模板链上的4种信息符号排序变化是自然界生命现象复杂多样的最根本原因。     

盾构机密封舱渣土非线性本构模型参数识别

根据密封舱改性渣土的三轴压缩实验数据,建立了基于优化方法的Duncan-Chang双曲线本构模型参数反演方法。为了解决参数识别反问题解的不稳定性问题,在Gauss-Newton优化迭代算法的基础上,提出了正则化参数反演方法。实际应用结果表明,所提出的反演方法具有较快的收敛速度和较强的鲁棒性,预测的实验模型变形与实验值吻合较好。     

Electrochemical properties of LiNi<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1.3</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/Li<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> cells

Spinel compounds LiNi_0.5Mn_1.3Ti_0.2O₄ (LNMTO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by different methods. The particle sizes of LNMTO and LTO are 0.5–2 and 0.5–0.8 μm, respectively. The LNMTO/LTO cell exhibits better electrochemical properties at both a low current rate of 0.2C and a high current rate of 1C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMTO cathode, the LNMTO/LTO cell delivered 137 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 0.2C and 118.2 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 1C, and the corresponding capacity retentions after 30 cycles are 88.5% and 92.4%, respectively.     

Kinetic parameters of oscillating reaction of amino acid- BrO3^——Mn^2＋-H2SO4-acetone system

In the previous papers[1—3], the oscillating reactionusing amino acids as organic substrates was studied. Inorder to obtain information about the kinetic parameters ofoscillating reaction of amino acids in amino acid- BrO3 - ?Mn2 -H2SO4-acetone sy…     

Preparation of Al<Subscript>72</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>8</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>8</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>6</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>3</Subscript>Y<Subscript>3</Subscript> amorphous powders and bulk materials

Amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were successfully fabricated by mechanical alloying. The microstructure, glass-forming ability, and crystallization behavior of amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The isothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. In the results, the supercooled liquid region of the amorphous alloy is as high as 81 K, as determined by non-isothermal DSC curves. The activation energy for crystallization is as high as 312.6 kJ·mol?1 obtained by Kissinger and Ozawa analyses. The values of Avrami exponent (n) imply that the crystallization is dominated by interface-controlled three-dimensional growth in the early stage and the end stage and by diffusion-controlled two- or three-dimensional growth in the middle stage. In addition, the amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were sintered under 2 GPa at temperatures of 673 K and 723 K. The results show that the Vickers hardness of the compacted powders is as high as Hv 1215.     

Acid etching process for fabrication of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8＋x stack

We adopted a new method, acid etching process, to fabricate the intrinsic Josephson junctions based on the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 x single crystals. By soaking the crystals into the dilute hydrochloric acid, we fabricated a junction stack successfully, and meantime made the surrounding area insulated. A certain concentration of hydrochloric acid was used to maintain the roughness of the modified layer. The cur-rent-voltage characteristic was achieved through the four terminal measurement. We could control the junctions' number by changing the concentration and the soaking time. We also found that the thick-ness of the stack was equal to the average height of the insulation layer. Such a simple, convenient and controllable fabrication method with a high yield might widen the applications of the intrinsic Joseph-son junctions.     

Investigation on high magnetoresistance Ni0.81Fe0.19 films grown on （Ni0.81Fe0.19）1-xCrx underlayers

We have fabricated Ni0.18Fe0.19 films with (Ni0.18Fe0.19)1-xCrx films as underlayers by dc magnetron sputtering, the results show that larger anisotropic magnetoresistance (△R/R) values of Ni0.18Fe0.19 films are observed using the underlayers with Cr concentration of -36 at.% at an optimum underlayer thickness of -4.4 nm, the maximum AMR value is 3.35%. The results of atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the △R/R enhancement is attributed to the formation of large average grain size and the strong(111)texture in the Ni0.18Fe0.19 films.     

基于遗传算法的带附加气室空气悬架多目标优化

以带附加气室的空气弹簧悬架为研究对象,按照物理模型建立带附加气室空气弹簧的数学模型,考虑到空气弹簧刚度的非线性,将该模型以空气弹簧非线性力的形式直接引入到1/4车辆模型。以提高车辆平顺性、行驶安全性及操纵稳定性的综合性能为目标,以附加气室容积为优化变量,设计带附加气室空气悬架的多目标优化模型;考虑到悬架性能各指标量在量纲与量级上的差异,对各指标量进行统一化处理,并采用线性加权和法将多目标函数转化为单目标评价函数。在MAT-LAB/Simulink中搭建系统仿真模型,采用遗传优化算法对典型工况下的最优附加气室容积进行寻优。优化结果表明,优化附加气室容积能有效提高悬架的综合性能,降低车身加速度、悬架动行程,但轮胎动载荷有所增加。     

Rolling-induced microstructure change in Zr_（65）Al_（7.5）Ni_（10）Cu_（12.5）Ag_5 bulk metallic glass

The microstructures and free-volume evolutions of as-cast and pre-annealed Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glasses during rolling deformation have been investigated. No phase transformation is detected in the as-cast/rolled specimen. However,the structural stability of the glass against plastic deformation is worse after pre-annealing,indicated by nanocrystallization in preannealed/rolled specimens with large deformation degrees. Moreover,with increasing deformation degree,the free-volume content in a pre-annealed/rolled specimen increases at a lower average rate than that in an as-cast/rolled specimen.     

Synthesis, Characterization and Calorimetry of Ni（C4H8N2O3）2Cl2

A coordination complex was synthesized from NiCl2 and dipeptide glycylglycine（GG）. It was characterized by element analysis, NMR and TG methods, and then was determined to be Ni（C4HsN2O3）2Cl2. Using an isoperibolic reaction calorimeter, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of Ni（GG）2Cl2（solid） has been determined to be -（1 674.66±2.02） kJ · mol^-1 at 298.15 K.     

Work toughening effect in Zr_（41）Ti_（14）Cu_（12.5）Ni_（10）Be_（22.5） bulk metallic glass

Work hardening is a well-known phenomenon occurring in crystalline metals during deformation,which has been widely used to increase the strength of metals although their ductility is usually reduced simultaneously. Here we report that the plastic strain of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (at.%) bulk metallic glasses has been increased from 0.3% for the as-cast sample to 2.5%-8.0% for samples that have experienced pre-deformation under constrained conditions. The pre-deformed glassy alloys possess more free volume and abundant introduced shear bands,which are believed to promote the activation of shear bands in post-deformation and result in an increase in plasticity. The orientation of the pre-introduced shear bands relative to the loading direction will affect the deformation behavior of pre-deformed samples. The present results show that pre-deformation of this glassy alloy will result in work toughening. This work toughening effect can be removed by isothermal annealing at a sub-Tg (glass transition) temperature,which causes annihilation of free volume and healing of shear bands.