宇宙创生于真空涨落

讨论了宇宙的创生问题,发现共形不变物质场的真空单圈近似下的Brans-Dicke方程存在自洽、严格的宇宙解,且此解有初始奇点。无论是Einstein理论还是Brans-Dicke理论,都容许物质场的真空涨落创生宇宙。     

宇宙起源和演化的哲学原理

宇宙是怎样起源的?实物是怎样产生的?宇宙、时空的本质是什么?本文认为:一切空间都可以归结为"宇宙场",一切时间都可以归结为"宇宙场过程"--宇宙就是宇宙场加宇宙场过程--宇宙场既是场物质又是场过程--因此,宇宙物质统一于宇宙场.并且据此认为:自今为至的一切宇宙观、时空观所称的宇宙、时空本身都不是绝对独立存在的物质,都不能绝对独立地产生物质作用;唯有宇宙场是绝对独立存在的物质,唯有宇宙场能够绝对独立地产生物质作用,因此说宇宙起源于宇宙场.进而据此又认为:宇宙场产生实物,实物产生实物场;实物和实物场最终又都转化为宇宙场--并且宇宙场与实物和实物场是如此循环拄复,以至无限地先后存在、产生和相互转化的.这就是本文时宇宙起源的思考和解答.     

Godel宇宙模型在理想流体条件下的一个近似解

在引力源为理想流体条件下,通过对G(o)del宇宙基本性质的分析求解了Einstein场方程,给出了一个G(o)del宇宙时空度规的近似解.并且对此解进行了分析.结果表明,在参量f(x)的两种不同情况下,G(o)del宇宙将分别表现出静态与膨胀的特征.对于膨胀宇宙,H的取值主要依赖于λ、k以及σ等模型参数.     

三联数字与时空

1　量子场论与宇宙的起源对极早期宇宙的研究,理论上出现了困难。由广义相对论得出一个结论:宇宙的时空存在一个起点和终点。也就是宇宙起源于一次大爆炸奇点。在奇点处宇宙的体积为零,时空曲率、物质密度、奇点温度等都变成了无穷大。这是物理定律无法描述的。还有一个问题就是引力场量子化的问题,至今尚未成功。目前只是使用“弯曲时空量子场论”。在这个理论中广义相对论的爱因斯坦场方程由 Rμυ-12gμυR+λgμυ=-kTμυ变成 Rμυ-12gμυR+λgμυ=-k方程的左边一样,只是右边的物质源 Tμυ被所代替。后者表…     

VMHD流体FRW宇宙模型精确解

该文给出其几何部分与具有ｋ＝０,±１的ＦＲＷ尘埃模型的几何部分相同的粘滞电磁流体动力学流体Ｅｉｎｓｔｅｉｎ场方程精确解,这些解是径向流动流体的解,所有必需的能量条件和热力学条件都得以满足．只要模型是膨胀的,所有物理量在时空各处都有物理意义．与标准ＦＲＷ模型相比,该文的模型具有以下优点：其物质场不仅包含通常的平滑理想流体,还包含粘滞性、热传导及电磁场,故更具有物理现实性,更能细致地考虑确定宇宙物质内容膨胀最终行为的临界密度问题等     

五维时空中宇宙视界对应的量子统计熵

把广义测不准关系引入宇宙视界对应的量了统计熵的计算, 采用由广义测不准关系得到的新的态密度方程, 研究了五维黑洞背景下Bose场与Fermi场的熵. 利用新的态密度方程后, 不通过紫外截断可以消除brick-wall 模型中无法克服的发散项, 并且同样可得到宇宙视界对应的量子统计熵与视界面积成正比的结论. 计算结果表明, 宇宙视界对应的量子统计熵是视界面上量子态的熵, 是一种量子效应, 是时空的内禀性质, 这使人们对宇宙视界对应的量子统计熵的认识有更进一步的理解. 在计算中直接应用量子统计的方法, 求五维黑洞背景下Bose场与Fermi场的配分函数, 避开了求解各种粒子波动方程的困难, 为研究高维时空宇宙视界对应的量子统计熵提供了一条途经.     

Bianchi I有挠宇宙模型

根据刘辽等提出的U_4空间的重力理论,找到了场方程的Bianchi Ⅰ型宇宙解,发现这个解能很好地描述宇宙演化中很长一段时间的情况,并且在挠率趋于零的情况下回到Einstein方程的de Sitter解.     

有挠的五维Kaluza—Klein理论和第五种力

以Riemann—Cartan时空为底流形,U(1)群为结构群的主纤维丛空间P作为有挠的五维Kaluza—Klein空间,构造引力、电磁规范场和第五种力的统一作用量,得到了相应的场方程。第五维的度规分量以及传播挠率解释为第五种力的时空效应。     

主宰宇宙命运的暗物质

宇宙是膨胀的还是坍缩的,或者宇宙既不膨胀也不坍缩,这种命运完全取决于暗物质对宇宙物质密度的贡献。     

复数标量场的宇宙学解

利用复数标量场理论对爱因斯坦自协场方程和存在“尘埃”物质的开型Ｆｒｉｅｄｍａｎｎ宇宙模型的复数标量场方程进行研究,得到了宇宙学解,发现在基态（真空）发生了Ｃ不变性自发破缺,出现了非零的真空电荷密度宏观值,引起了真空涨落．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-