纺丝工艺对高相对分子质量Lyocell 纤维素纤维性能的影响

使用高相对分子质量的纤维素——医用脱脂棉(铜铵法聚合度DP＝1400)为纺丝原料，N—甲基吗啉—N—氧化物(NMMO）作溶剂，采用Lyocell工艺进行纺丝制备高强高模纤维素纤维；通过正交设计和系统试验，考察了纺丝工艺参数(气隙长度，拉伸比，凝固洛浓度和喷丝板孔数)对最终Lyocell纤维机械性能的影响。结果表明，对于这一体系，纺丝工艺参数对纤维的拉伸强度、初始模量及断裂伸长率都有不同程度的影响；在工艺优化的基础上，制备出了拉伸强度8．9cN／dtex，初始模量163cN／dtex的高强高模纤维素纤维。     

Preparation of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Fibers

Carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) fibers were produced by extruding the CMC solution into the metal salt coagulation bath and collected with a winding machine.It was found that copper chloride,ferric chloride,cerium chloride,lanthanum chloride and aluminum nitrate solution could be used as coagulation bath to prepare CMC fibers,whereas the metal salt solutions,such as nickel chloride,zinc chloride,calcium chloride and magnesium chloride,could not.The fiber formation is due to the coordination between the carboxylates of CMC and metal ion.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) was applied to studying the coordination mode of CMC and metal ion.The metal salt concentration,pH value and temperature of the coagulation bath affect the tenacity and elongation of the fiber.CMC fibers show good water uptake ability and can adsorb water more than 200% of its own weight.The mechanical behaviors of CMC fiber show dependence on environment humidity.     

热处理对涤纶长丝强伸性能影响的研究

拉伸是熔纺初生纤维后加工过程中的一道重要工序。主要研究了牵伸工艺中热处理温度对涤纶长丝强度和断裂伸长率的影响，并给出回归方程。     

Influence of Dispersion of Nano-ZnO Particles in Polymer Matrices on Properties of Relevant Nano Composite Fibers

IntroductionIt is well knownthat nanoparticles have rich propertiesand are useful for functional composites . The nanometricsize ,leading to huge specific surface area up to or morethan1 000m2/g ,andtheir unique properties have attractedintensive interests . Thus many articles have elucidated thepreparation of polymer matrix nanocomposites( PMNC)[1 6]. Polymers are very i mportant matricesbecause of their flexibility and easy processing .Nanoparticles i mpart larger-size congeries because of…     

Mechanical Behavior of Soybean Protein Fibers

In order to understand the relationship between the mechanical property and the effect of bleaching and dyeing to the soybean protein fibers(SPF), four mechanical models are chosen. The tensile and relaxation property of the soybean protein fibers are analyzed. The tensile and relaxation curves are fitted with the suitable model. It shows that the relaxation property of SPF is in accordance with the standard linear solid model. Estimates of the Hookean spring modulus at 8% and at 10% are different, so some structural modifications could be produced by the strain. Bleached fibers show a higher level of relaxation than raw fibers and dyed fibers. Bleaching has a remarkable influence on decreasing tenacity at break for each test modality. Knotted and looped modalities decrease fiber tenacity remarkably in all three samples.     

琼胶纤维的制备与性能研究

用湿法纺丝制备琼胶纤维,扫描电镜(SEM)观察纤维的表面形态,并且测试了纤维的拉伸性能和吸水性能。结果表明用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)做溶剂,50%无水乙醇做凝固浴,纺丝原液的溶度为12%,可制得纤维性能良好的琼胶纤维,而且纤维的拉伸强度达到了5.52 cN/tex,在蒸馏水中的膨胀度为114%,在0.9%的盐溶液中为111%。     

抗菌Lyocell纤维的研制

选择了4种抗菌剂，采用共混纺丝的方法制备了抗菌Lyocell纤维，并探讨了它们的抗菌性能和物理机械性能。     

凝固浴和铸膜液对新型纤维素超滤膜的影响

以纤维素为原料,NMMO为溶剂,用相转化法制备超滤膜,并研究了凝固浴浓度、温度、有机醇作凝固剂及铸膜液浓度对膜性能的影响。     

EFFECTS OF PROCESS CONDITIONS ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF GEL-SPUN PVA FIBERS

Some noticeable effects of process conditions, such as coagulation bath, solvent extraction, drying shrinkage and ultra-drawing, on the structure and properties of gel-spun PVA fibers are studied and discussed. High strength and high modulus PVA fibers with tensile strength of 11.3 cN / dtex and initial modulus of 430 cN / dtex have been obtained.     

纺丝速度对Lyocell纤维结构的影响

研究了以N 甲基吗啉 N 氧化物(NMMO)为溶剂的Lyocell纤维纺丝工艺中纺丝速度对Lyocell纤维结构的影响.实验结果表明:随着纺丝速度的提高,Lyocell纤维的结晶度、晶区取向、双折射及无定形取向增大,但当纺丝速度达到50m/min时,纤维的双折射和无定形取向都达到最大值,纺丝速度继续提高,纤维的双折射维持恒定不变,无定形取向反而下降.     

Die-Swell Performance of Colored Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)(PMIA)Fiber Prepared by Wet Spinning

The colored poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)(PMIA)spinning solution was prepared by wet spinning and the die-swell of the colored PMIA spinning solution was done when it was extruded from a die in this experiment.The properties and structures of colored PMIA fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The colored PMIA spinning dopes were first commixed in a pressurizer and then spun into a coagulation bath.The effect of die swell on the colored PMIA solution was resulted from the viscoelastic properties of the colored PMIA solution in the spinning process.The results showed that the die-swell ratio of the colored PMIA solution increased linearly with increasing the pressure and die length/diameter ratio(L/D).At the same pressure and L/D,the die-swell ratio decreased with the increase of filter layers and temperature.Also,optimized spinning parameters of the dopedyed PMIA fiber were obtained.     

Effects of Heat Treatment on Properties of Polyester Filaments

Many properties of polyester filaments such as heat shrinkage, tenacity, elongation at break and etc. are greatly influenced by drawing, so post-drawing is important in downstream processing. As more and more profile fibers and multi-variance fibers used in textile industry, the properties of above two kinds of differential polyester filaments after drawing in different heat conditions were studied. Finally following conclusions were obtained: Firstly, the tenacity and elongation at break decreases with the rise of Tp. Secondly, the tenacity rises but the elongation at break decreases with the increase of Tb. Then, when the Tb is low, both the shrinkage in boiling water and hi hot air decreases with the rise of Tp, while, when the Tb is high, both the shrinkage rises with the rise of Tp. The last, both the shrinkage decreases with the rise of Tb.     

纺丝工艺对医用PAN中空纤维超滤膜性能的影响

采用干一湿法纺丝,制得性能良好的聚丙烯腈(PAN)中空纤维膜。分析了纺丝工艺对 PAN中空纤维超滤膜性能的影响。实验证明增加干纺程长度有利于改善 PAN 膜的的超滤性能。研究表明 PAN 中空纤维是一种具有多空基质的不对称膜,存在紧密的皮层,改变纺丝过程中的挤出速率、填充液压力、卷绕速率和拉伸倍数可以调节中空纤维的内外径和壁厚。     

用均匀设计对PPTA纺丝工艺进行优化

在聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)纤维纺丝工艺初步成形的基础上,利用均匀设计法建立回归模型.以纤维断裂强度作为质量指标,对PPTA纺丝过程中的喷出速度、拉伸倍数、卷绕速度3个主要工艺参数进行了优化,力图用最少的试验次数确定最佳的工艺条件.通过计算得到回归方程,经过残差分析可知该方程的可靠性较高.利用SUMT外点法寻优,计算得到PPTA纺丝的最佳工艺条件:喷出速度为26.68m/min,拉伸倍数为7.76倍,卷绕速度为208.34m/min,则PPTA纤维的理论断裂强度为35.67cN/dtex.     

加热温度和时间对棕榈纤维拉伸性能的影响

为研究热处理对棕榈纤维拉伸性能的影响,在不同温度(100～200 ℃,间隔20 ℃)、不同时间(3、6、9 h)条件下对棕榈纤维进行加热处理,并测试其拉伸性能。结果表明:加热温度对棕榈纤维的拉伸性能有极显著影响,随着加热温度的上升,棕榈纤维的杨氏模量逐渐变大,断裂强度和断裂伸长率逐渐降低,并在加热温度为160～180 ℃时纤维的拉伸性能发生突变; 加热时间对棕榈纤维的拉伸性能也有显著影响,即随加热时间的延长,杨氏模量逐渐增大,断裂强度和断裂伸长率逐渐降低。     

Effects of Process Technology on Structure and Properties of HMLS Fibers

High modulus low shrinkage (HMLS) fibers have been prepared by using higher viscosity PET chips. The effects of the process conditions on their structure and properties have been studied by various testing techniques. The results show that the suitable spuming speed for preparing of HMLS fibers is 2 000 - 2 800 m/ min. With the increase of the spinning speed, the density, crystallinity, and birefringence of the initial fibers increase obviously, but the shrinkage ratio decreases rapidly. The effects of process technology on properties of the HMLS fibers have also been discussed.     

LYocell纺丝溶液细流直径在气隙中的变化

简要介绍了一种纺丝溶液细流直径在线测量的方法和激光远场衍射测量纺程上纺丝溶液细流直径的原理。利用实验室自行设计安装的He-Ne激光衍射仪和单孔纺丝机,在线测量了Lyocell纺丝溶液细流的直径在气隙中的变化。结果表明,纺丝溶液细流的细化在靠近喷丝板很短的距离内就基本完成,随着纺丝速度的提高,纺丝溶液细流完成细化的距离(L_B)缩短,纺丝溶液细流进入凝固浴时的直径(d_E)减小。根据纺丝溶液细流直径的变化推算了纺丝溶液细流在气隙中运动速度和拉伸应力的变化趋势。对实验数据进行了回归分析,得出了不同纺丝卷绕速度下气隙中纺丝溶液细流直径变化的经验方程。     

Lyocell纤维在NaOH溶液中膨胀规律的研究

研究了 Lyocell纤维在 Na OH溶液中膨胀的规律 .发现在 1 1 %左右浓度的Na OH溶液中 ,Lyocell纤维的径向膨胀率最大 .揭示了 Lyocell纤维经 Na OH溶液反复膨胀处理后呈现的一些特点 ,并结合 Lyocell纤维的结构特点对这一现象给以初步的解释 .     

Lyocell纤维在NaOH溶液中膨胀规律的研究

研究了Lyocell纤维在NaOH溶液中膨胀的规律.发现在11%左右浓度的NaOH溶液中,Lyocell纤维的径向膨胀率最大.揭示了Lyocell纤维经NaOH溶液反复膨胀处理后呈现的一些特点,并结合Lyocell纤维的结构特点对这一现象给以初步的解释.     

基于神经网络的精梳毛纺纱线预测

在分析纺纱原理的基础上，采用人工神经网络建立7个不同的模型，预测精梳毛纺的纱线质量和纺纱性能，分别是纱线不匀、粗细节、断裂强力、强力不匀、断裂伸长和断头率。其中断头率由于其复杂的成因，采用了组合神经网络建模。采用工厂实际生产数据进行验证，前6个指标的预测值与实测值之间的相关系数的平方均超过0．9，断头的预测效果相比而言比较差，但相关系数的平方也超过了0．8，表明人工神经网络技术在精梳毛纺纱线预测方面有很大的应用前景。