贵州省稻瘟病菌对春雷霉素和稻瘟灵的抗药性监测

采用生长速率法分别测定2013年从贵州省不同3个稻区分离的30个稻瘟病菌株,并测定分离出的菌株对稻瘟灵与春雷霉素的敏感性及抗药性水平。实验结果表明:春雷霉素、稻瘟灵对供试30个稻瘟病菌株的EC50值范围分别为1.60⁶.42μg/mL,1.936.42μg/mL,1.93⁶.26μg/mL,其平均值分别为3.69μg/mL,3.54μg/mL,且敏感菌株都为30个,都没有抗性菌株,表明贵州省稻瘟病菌株对春雷霉素与稻瘟灵的抗性均表现为较低水平。从菌株对春雷霉素与稻瘟灵的抗性分析表明贵州省稻瘟病菌对春雷霉素与稻瘟灵未产生交互抗药性或多抗性。     

西南地区水稻细菌性条斑病菌对申嗪霉素及噻唑锌敏感基线的建立

从西南地区云贵川3省分离得到水稻细菌性条斑病菌菌株43株,离体条件下检测菌株对申嗪霉素及噻唑锌的敏感性.结果表明:不同地理来源的菌株对两种药剂的敏感性均存在一定差异.噻唑锌及申嗪霉素对各地来源菌株的EC50值的分布范围分别是0.439~2.549μg·mL-1和0.035~1.598μg·mL-1,平均值分别为1.641、0.868μg·mL-1.初步确定将四川、贵州、云南3省菌株的EC50平均值1.641、0.868μg·mL-1分别作为西南地区水稻细菌性条斑病菌对噻唑锌及申嗪霉素的敏感基线.     

稻瘟灵防治稻叶瘟的试验

1987年春,我们于南滨农场进行不同剂量的稻瘟灵防治稻瘟病的田间试验,供试品系为不育系珍汕97A;试验结果:每次每亩100g 稻瘟灵防治效果较好,防效达66.84%.     

30％稻瘟灵己唑醇乳油防治水稻三病效果研究

通过大田试验,研究了新型农药——30％稻瘟灵己唑醇乳油,通过喷雾不同用量对水稻稻瘟病、纹枯病及稻曲病这三病的防治效果及其产量的影响.结果表明:喷施30％稻瘟灵己唑醇乳油一亩用量60～80毫升对水稻稻瘟病、纹枯病及稻曲病比其它用量效果更佳,同时,其能增加水稻结实率,增产增收功效最好.     

稻瘟菌诱导的广谱抗性

以一分离自云南省的 6 8个稻瘟病单孢菌株及稻胡麻斑病菌和本室细菌病害研究课题组提供的稻白叶枯病菌为供试菌 ,供试品种 (用于筛选强及弱致病菌 )为我国规定的一套稻瘟病菌生理小种鉴别品种 (共 7个 )及新 2号 (pi ks)、爱知旭 (pi a)、关东 5 1(pi k)等 8个日本单基因鉴别品种。按照全国稻瘟病科研协作组统一规定的方法于温室人工接种 ,首先筛选出稻瘟强及弱致病菌 ,在此基础上确定了关东 5 1、爱知旭、新 2号为供诱导抗性试验的品种。先以稻瘟弱致病菌分别对 3个供试品种做诱导接种 ,2 4h后分别又用稻瘟强致病菌、稻胡麻斑病菌及稻白叶…     

气相色谱法测定韭菜中有机磷农药残留量

建立了毛细管气相色谱法、火焰光度检测器分析韭菜中的8种有机磷农药残留量的方法. 实验结果表明:采用程序升温所测定的8种有机磷农药,在色谱柱DB-608上分离良好,回收率在70%～119%之间;最低检测质量浓度分别为敌敌畏0.02μg·mL-1,甲胺磷0.01μg·mL-1,乙酰甲胺磷0.02μg·mL-1,甲拌磷0.01μg·mL-1,氧化乐果0.05μg·mL-1,乐果0.01μg·mL-1,甲基对硫磷0.01μg·mL-1,毒死蜱0.02μg·mL-1. 该方法快速灵敏,符合实际应用的需要.     

云南省水稻稻瘟病菌有性交配型分布和2套近等基因系的鉴别能力

水稻稻瘟病是世界范围内的毁灭性病害。稻瘟病菌有性态的研究将为病菌的遗传学和病害的生态学奠定基础 ,致病类型鉴定对水稻新抗病基因发掘和抗病品种布局具有重要意义。本文采用对峙培养和接种的方法对云南省稻瘟菌的交配型分布、和近等基因系上鉴定能力进行了研究。2 6 1个来自云南各地州、市、县的稻瘟病菌株与交配型标准菌株杂交试验表明 ,其中 6 3个菌株能进行有性交配并形成典型的子囊壳和子囊孢子 ,占总菌株的 2 4 .14 % ;其中 6 2个菌株为MAT1型 ,仅 1个来自牟定县的菌株A牟 0 1 1 1为MAT2型。测定了15个可育菌株在CO39、丽江新…     

溴氯海因对鱼类的急性毒性试验及治疗效果

溴氯海因浓度为0.3×10-6,0.6×10-6和1.5×10-6时,4种试验鱼(草鱼(C tenopharyngodon idellus),白鲢(Hypophthalm ichthys m olitrix),日本鳗(Anguilla japonicus),红剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus helleri))是安全的;浓度为2×10-6时,前2种试验鱼全部存活,而日本鳗和红剑尾鱼的死亡率为7.5%和15%.并测定了该药对嗜水气单胞菌嗜水亚种(Aerom onas hydrophila hydrophila)、荧光假单胞菌(Pseudom onas fluorescens)、鲁氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter lwoffi)及迟钝爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)4种菌的最小抑菌浓度,分别为0.312 5μg.mL-1、0.156 0μg.mL-1、0.156 0μg.mL-1、0.312 5μg.mL-1.用浓度为0.6×10-6,0.3×10-6和0.15×10-6的溴氯海因预防和治疗白鲢细菌性出血病和患爱德华氏菌病的日本鳗,均取得一定的防治效果.     

方格星虫多糖抗菌和抗氧化活性研究

通过比较水提和碱提方格星虫粗多糖的抗菌和抗氧化活性,探讨这两种方法在方格星虫粗多糖提取中的优劣.结果,水提粗多糖对副溶血弧菌（Vib rio parahemol yticus）不敏感,对枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）中度敏感,对其它细菌均为低敏感;碱提粗多糖对大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aures）和鳗弧菌（Vibrio an guillarum）低敏感,对白葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus cremoris）和副溶血弧菌中度敏感,对枯草芽孢杆菌和藤黄八叠球菌（Sarcina lutea）高度敏感.表明,碱提粗多糖的抗菌活性较水提粗多糖强.两种方法提取的方格星虫粗多糖均有一定的抗氧化性.水提和碱提多糖浓度均在800μg·mL-1时对羟自由基的清除能力最大,清除率分别为40.32％和39.86％;两种多糖浓度分别在800μg·mL-1和600μg· mL-1时对超氧自由基的抑制作用最大,抑制率分别为9.91％和5.86％.表明,水提方格星虫粗多糖的抗氧化性强于碱提粗多糖.     

稻瘟菌毒素胁迫下水稻根部生理变化及相关基因表达研究

以丽江新团黑谷和谷梅二号为研究对象,利用稻瘟菌粗毒素分别对两者的幼苗根部处理0、6、12、24、48h,并进行地上部和地下部生理指标和相关基因表达分析研究.结果表明,毒素处理后,除SOD外,POD和CAT的活性均升高,MDA含量也升高.与水杨酸和茉莉酸途径相关的8个基因与本底水平相比都表现出上调或下调的趋势,可见这两个途径都得到了表达.特别是48h时,PAL、JIOsPR10、PR1b和PR4在稻瘟病抗性品种谷梅二号的根或叶中的表达量远高于敏感品种丽江新团黑谷,说明这4个基因的表达在调节谷梅二号抗稻瘟菌毒素中具有重要作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to