虾青素抑制H2O2诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡

为了阐明虾青素的抗氧化作用与细胞凋亡的关系,探究虾青素预处理对H_2O_2诱导HeLa细胞氧化应激的影响.通过CCK-8、活性氧探针染色、流式细胞术、蛋白质免疫印迹、实时荧光定量pcr等,分别检测细胞存活率和活性氧的积累、细胞凋亡、蛋白含量、基因相对表达量改变.结果表明虾青素预处理组细胞活力较对照组提高了29.54%以上且其可以将H_2O_2诱导的活性氧降低至对照水平,同时提高Nrf2蛋白表达量3倍之多,过氧化氢酶基因相对表达量1.5倍.说明虾青素可以有效缓解H_2O_2诱导的HeLa细胞氧化应激,从而抑制细胞凋亡.     

TiO2光化自由基对U937细胞氧化压迫凋亡研究

ＴｉＯ２纳米超微粒在３００￣４００ｎｍ紫外光照激发下所产生的光生电子空穴对具有极强的光催化反应性能，受其光催化作用，大量活性氧类自由基在细胞内累积，形成细胞内氧化压迫并最终导致细胞凋亡，本研究观察分析了ＴｉＯ２超微粒光激发自由基与氧化压迫性细胞凋亡的关系，并对其作用机制作了初步的探讨。     

人参多糖通过抑制ROS水平和凋亡保护H2O2诱导的心肌细胞氧化应激损伤

为探讨人参多糖缓解心肌氧化损伤的功效,利用过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导的H9c2大鼠心肌细胞建立体外心肌氧化损伤模型,利用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)检测细胞存活率,试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA),流式细胞术检测活性氧(ROS)和细胞凋亡,Western Blot法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白.结果表明：与对照组(Con)比较,H2O2能够使细胞存活率显著下降(P<0.001);与H2O2诱导组(模型组,Mod)比较,6.25 μg/mL人参多糖预防治疗24 h将细胞存活率由(57.47±5.08)%提高到(85.65±4.28)%(P<0.001),说明人参多糖能够对抗H2O2诱导的细胞毒性作用.流式细胞术DCFH-DA染色结果显示：与Con组比较,H2O2显著升高细胞ROS水平;而人参多糖预防治疗24 h后细胞ROS水平降低,提示人参多糖能够抑制H2O2诱导的H9c2细胞活性氧水平升高,并通过降低MDA含量及提高SOD活性缓解氧化应激损伤.同时,人参多糖可通过增加H2O2诱导损伤引起的Bcl-2/Bax比值,降低凋亡相关蛋白表达来缓解氧化应激导致的细胞凋亡.总之,人参多糖通过抑制ROS水平和细胞凋亡保护心肌细胞氧化应激损伤,为阐述人参保护心脏功效机制及产品研发提供了实验依据.     

Nitric oxide mediates the fungal elicitor-induced Taxol biosynthesis of Taxus chinensis suspension cells through the reactive oxygen species-dependent and -independent signal pathways

Taxol (paclitaxel, NSC-125973), a secondary me- tabolite of the Taxus species, has been recognized as one of the best anticancer drugs emerging in the last decade[1]. The production of Taxol by various Taxus spp. cells in culture has been one of the most …     

脱水和复水金发藓酶清除ROS系统响应机制

以生存于变水环境中的金发藓为材料，通过快速脱水和复水的方式，探究金发藓在脱水胁迫时对于活性氧的响应机制，并进一步探究苔藓植物脱水耐性特性.结果显示：（1）随着脱水时间的增长，金发藓内积累大量的活性氧物质，脱水至120 min时·O^-₂、H₂O₂和OH^-等都达到最高水平；（2）抗氧化剂SOD，CAT，APX，ASA，GSH等在脱水复水过程中均上升，复水后下降，但是GSH和ASA在120 min复水后期仍未能恢复到对照水平;（3）金发藓在应对氧化胁迫过程中，通过启动ASA-GSH代谢循环途径以应对氧化胁迫.研究表明，金发藓对于脱水环境导致的氧化胁迫具有很强的应对能力，而且在复水后在极短的时间内能恢复生命活性，金发藓有效的抗氧化代谢机制使金发藓能长期生存于多变水环境中.     

洋地黄毒苷诱导小细胞肺癌NCI-H446细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测洋地黄毒苷对NCI-H446细胞增殖的抑制效果;用AO-EB染色、DNA凝胶电泳分析以及AnnexinⅤ检测法检测细胞凋亡;用碘化丙啶(PI)染色测定其周期变化,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞内活性氧(ROS)和钙离子(Ca2+)的变化.结果显示洋地黄毒苷明显抑制NCI-H446细胞增殖,AO-EB染色、DNA电泳及AnnexinV检测法显示细胞有明显的凋亡现象,PI染色显示处于S期的细胞增多,激光共聚焦显微镜观察表明细胞内活性氧和钙离子浓度均升高.表明洋地黄毒苷能明显抑制NCI-H446细胞增殖,且细胞被阻滞在S期.细胞内活性氧和钙离子浓度的增加可能与其诱导细胞凋亡有关.     

Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing

Living in an oxygenated environment has required the evolution of effective cellular strategies to detect and detoxify metabolites of molecular oxygen known as reactive oxygen species. Here we review evidence that the appropriate and inappropriate production of oxidants, together with the ability of organisms to respond to oxidative stress, is intricately connected to ageing and life span.     

Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage

Diabetic hyperglycaemia causes a variety of pathological changes in small vessels, arteries and peripheral nerves. Vascular endothelial cells are an important target of hyperglycaemic damage, but the mechanisms underlying this damage are not fully understood. Three seemingly independent biochemical pathways are involved in the pathogenesis: glucose-induced activation of protein kinase C isoforms; increased formation of glucose-derived advanced glycation end-products; and increased glucose flux through the aldose reductase pathway. The relevance of each of these pathways is supported by animal studies in which pathway-specific inhibitors prevent various hyperglycaemia-induced abnormalities. Hyperglycaemia increases the production of reactive oxygen species inside cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Here we show that this increase in reactive oxygen species is prevented by an inhibitor of electron transport chain complex II, by an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, by uncoupling protein-1 and by manganese superoxide dismutase. Normalizing levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with each of these agents prevents glucose-induced activation of protein kinase C, formation of advanced glycation end-products, sorbitol accumulation and NFkappaB activation.     

氧与活性氧

讨论了活性氧的产生与化学活性．氧及活性氧会对机体造成伤害,活性氧中极其有害的是．ＯＨ、ＨＯ·２和Ｏ１２Δｇ等．但生物进化赋予有机活体一系列清除活性氧、免受其害的机制,如化学抗氧化系统、酶抗氧化系统、损伤修复功能、细胞免疫系统、细胞色素防御系统等．正是机体内活性氧的产生与清除速率间的平衡,活性氧引起的损伤与修复速率之间的平衡使活体得以维持生机．对人们关于一些疾病与活性氧关系的认识作了扼要介绍．     

Regulation of cellular response to oncogenic and oxidative stress by Seladin-1

Expression of multiple oncogenes and inactivation of tumour suppressors is required to transform primary mammalian cells into cancer cells. Activated Ha-RasV12 (Ras) is usually associated with cancer, but it also produces paradoxical premature senescence in primary cells by inducing reactive oxygen species followed by accumulation of tumour suppressors p53 and p16(INK4a) (ref. 4). Here we identify, using a direct genetic screen, Seladin-1 (also known as Dhcr24) as a key mediator of Ras-induced senescence. Following oncogenic and oxidative stress, Seladin-1 binds p53 amino terminus and displaces E3 ubiquitin ligase Mdm2 from p53, thus resulting in p53 accumulation. Additionally, Seladin-1 associates with Mdm2 independently of p53, potentially affecting other Mdm2 targets. Ablation of Seladin-1 causes the bypass of Ras-induced senescence in rodent and human fibroblasts, and allows Ras to transform these cells. Wild-type Seladin-1, but not mutants that disrupt its association with either p53 or Mdm2, suppresses the transformed phenotype. The same mutants are also inactive in directing p53-dependent oxidative stress response. These results show an unanticipated role for Seladin-1, previously implicated in Alzheimer's disease and cholesterol metabolism, in integrating cellular response to oncogenic and oxidative stress.     

发光分析在中药药理研究中的应用

将发光分析技术应用于中药药效学及机理方面的研究,结果表明:具有抗流感病毒作用的中药克感利咽口服液和抗心梗注射液等药物均显示良好的清除活性氧(包括氧自由基)作用,克感液抗流感病毒具有降低机体氧化应激态的作用机制.     

Selective killing of cancer cells by a small molecule targeting the stress response to ROS

Malignant transformation, driven by gain-of-function mutations in oncogenes and loss-of-function mutations in tumour suppressor genes, results in cell deregulation that is frequently associated with enhanced cellular stress (for example, oxidative, replicative, metabolic and proteotoxic stress, and DNA damage). Adaptation to this stress phenotype is required for cancer cells to survive, and consequently cancer cells may become dependent upon non-oncogenes that do not ordinarily perform such a vital function in normal cells. Thus, targeting these non-oncogene dependencies in the context of a transformed genotype may result in a synthetic lethal interaction and the selective death of cancer cells. Here we used a cell-based small-molecule screening and quantitative proteomics approach that resulted in the unbiased identification of a small molecule that selectively kills cancer cells but not normal cells. Piperlongumine increases the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic cell death in both cancer cells and normal cells engineered to have a cancer genotype, irrespective of p53 status, but it has little effect on either rapidly or slowly dividing primary normal cells. Significant antitumour effects are observed in piperlongumine-treated mouse xenograft tumour models, with no apparent toxicity in normal mice. Moreover, piperlongumine potently inhibits the growth of spontaneously formed malignant breast tumours and their associated metastases in mice. Our results demonstrate the ability of a small molecule to induce apoptosis selectively in cells that have a cancer genotype, by targeting a non-oncogene co-dependency acquired through the expression of the cancer genotype in response to transformation-induced oxidative stress.     

Synergic Inhibition of Lung Carcinoma 95-D Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Combination with(—)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Ascorbic Acid

In this study, the anti-invasion effects of(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) mixed with ascorbic acid(Vc) on human lung carcinoma 95-D cells in vitro were examined and the synergism of the combination of EGCG and Vc was evaluated. Soft agar colony formation assay, cell migration assay, invasion assay, western blot analysis of NF-κB, in situ detection of cellular oxidative stress, and statistical analysis were assessed. The results showed that combining EGCG with Vc could inhibit clone forming rate of 95-D cell by 73.2%, reduce the migration ability of 95-D cell by 65.9%, and decrease the intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) level by 76.8%. The results of western blot proved that Vc enhanced the activity of EGCG in inhibiting NF-κB localization. It is speculated that the combination of EGCG and Vc can strongly suppress the proliferation and metastasis of lung carcinoma cells in a synergic manner, possibly with a mechanism associated with the scavenging of reactive oxygen species.     

Regulation of oxidative stress by ATM is required for self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells

The 'ataxia telangiectasia mutated' (Atm) gene maintains genomic stability by activating a key cell-cycle checkpoint in response to DNA damage, telomeric instability or oxidative stress. Mutational inactivation of the gene causes an autosomal recessive disorder, ataxia-telangiectasia, characterized by immunodeficiency, progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, defective spermatogenesis, premature ageing and a high incidence of lymphoma. Here we show that ATM has an essential function in the reconstitutive capacity of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but is not as important for the proliferation or differentiation of progenitors, in a telomere-independent manner. Atm-/- mice older than 24 weeks showed progressive bone marrow failure resulting from a defect in HSC function that was associated with elevated reactive oxygen species. Treatment with anti-oxidative agents restored the reconstitutive capacity of Atm-/- HSCs, resulting in the prevention of bone marrow failure. Activation of the p16(INK4a)-retinoblastoma (Rb) gene product pathway in response to elevated reactive oxygen species led to the failure of Atm-/- HSCs. These results show that the self-renewal capacity of HSCs depends on ATM-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress.