混凝剂协同复配对丙烷脱氢废水的处理效果

丙烷脱氢废水COD高(5 200～5 600 mg/L)、浊度大(1 700～1 800 NTU),难以直接进行生化处理,需要在进行生物法处理前,先进行混凝处理.使用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)与常用的无机混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚合硫酸铁(PFS)进行配合使用对丙烷脱氢废水进行处理,以COD、浊度为指标,考察了PAC和PFS的适应性以及不同离子型的PAM与PAC复配的混凝效果.结果显示,单一使用时,PAC适应性好,达到同样效果投加量至多是PFS投加量的10%,总体而言PAC和PFS絮体小,难以固液分离,处理效果不佳;PAM与PAC配合使用时处理效果显著提高,两性离子的PAM效果不佳,阴离子和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺与PAC协同处理废水效果最好,絮体成型好,当废水pH=8,PAC投加量为6 mg/L,m(PAC)∶m(PAM1)∶m(PAM2)=6∶0.15∶0.35时,COD和浊度去除率分别达到了85.6%和98.5%,为实际处理丙烷脱氢废水提供了参数指导.     

加载磁絮凝技术预处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

利用加载磁絮凝技术对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理试验,考察混凝剂PAC和助凝剂PAM投加量、pH值、磁粉Fe_3O_4投加量、磁场强度、药剂投加顺序等因素对试验的影响.结果表明,在pH为8.0,PAC投加量为600 mg/L,PAM投加量为0.25 mg/L,磁粉投加量为750 mg/L,磁场强度为150m T条件下,先投加PAC再加入磁粉,30 s后投加PAM时,混凝效果最佳,COD的去除率为55.86%,氨氮的去除率为36.13%,浊度的去除率为88.91%.磁絮凝与常规工艺的对比试验表明,投加磁粉对于COD的去除有良好的效果,基本可以取代PAM的作用,但去除氨氮的效果低于PAM.     

PAC和PAM复合混凝剂对印染废水混凝试验研究

利用PAC和PAM复合混凝剂对印染废水的混凝处理最佳试验条件进行了研究,研究表明在溶液pH值为5,PAC投加量为500mg/L,PAM的用量为8mg/L,温度为20℃,搅拌时间为5min时,对印染废水处理得到较为满意的效果,COD的去除率为80%左右,经处理后水的透光率可达85%.     

混凝-沉淀法去除老龄垃圾渗滤液中难降解物质

以典型老龄垃圾渗滤液为研究对象,考察了混凝沉淀对渗滤液中COD、浊度以及难降解物质的去除效果,所选四种混凝剂分别为PAC、PFS、硫酸铝、硫酸亚铁。结果表明：适用于老龄渗滤液预处理的混凝剂为PAC,在投加量为600mg/L时对COD与浊度去除率为26%、47%;虽然混凝沉淀对老龄渗滤液中COD的去除效果有限,但过量的混凝剂可显著提高腐殖质的去除率,当PAC投加量由600mg/L提高至1000mg/L时,对腐殖质的去除率则有9.3%提高至25.2%,从而可显著降低老龄渗滤液中难降解物质的含量。     

AB工艺化学强化除磷试验研究

取吸附－生物降解（AB）工艺B段曝气池进水,投加硫酸铝（AS）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）进行化学除磷小试实验,考察了不同投药量下总磷、COD、氨氮和浊度的去除效果,确定了最佳投药量以及化学法和生物法在去除总磷、氨氮、COD和浊度等方面的相互关系。结果表明,AS和PAM复配对B段污水中总磷有很好的去除效果,AS投加量（以Al2O3计）为9.45mg/L,PAM为0.05mg/L时,TP、COD、氨氮和浊度去除率平均为89.2%、37.7%、71.6%和2.41%。曝气过程中投加AS和PAM复配化学强化除磷,总磷、COD、浊度去除率分别提高了7.3～59.2%、5.0～20.3%、10.9～34.7%,但不能提高氨氮的去除率;在溶解氧足够时,本研究投加量范围的AS和PAM的加入对硝化作用无影响;后置混凝对TP、COD、浊度的去除效果优于同步混凝,但需增加混凝沉淀设备,因此同步混凝更适合于于AB工艺的化学强化除磷改造。     

焦化废水的混凝预处理研究

选取混凝法对焦化废水进行了处理.采用正交设计的方法考察了絮凝剂种类、投加量、絮凝时间和pH值对处理水色度、浊度和CODcr的影响,并对几种混凝剂的组合应用作了进一步的研究.结果表明,混凝剂的投加量和pH值对CODcr的去除影响差异极显著(P<0.01);混凝剂种类对浊度的去除影响差异极显著(P<0.01);当硫酸铁投加量为500 mg/L和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)投加量为1 mg/L时,在pH值8.5,絮凝时间15 min的条件下,处理后的焦化废水CODcr和浊度可分别降低22%和97%以上.     

复合铝混凝剂CPAC强化混凝去除藻类试验研究

以三氯化铝和有机高分子PGA为原料,制备了复合混凝剂CPAC,并探讨了该种混凝剂对含藻水的强化混凝去除作用.结果表明:复合混凝剂混凝效果优于单独的无机混凝剂PAC,当混凝剂投加量(以Al质量计)为4.5 mg/L时,PAC的浊度去除率为84.3%,而CPAC的浊度去除率达到93.1%;CPAC对高浊度原水的去除效果好于低浊度原水,当原水浓度从30 NTU提高到1 000 NTU时,混凝剂投加量为4.5 mg/L,其浊度去除率相应的由81%提高到98.2%;混凝剂最挂投加量约为4.5 mg/L,在此浓度下,浊度和叶绿素a 的去除率达到最高,分别为93.1%和82.5%;pH在5.0～9.0范围内,混凝效果均比较稳定.     

焦化废水中COD的沉淀预处理及资源化利用研究

高浓度焦化废水经生化处理后COD难以达标并浪费大量资源。采用实验室自制的无机絮凝剂PAC和助凝剂PAM对焦化废水原水进行了预处理。结果表明,PAC+PAM的投加量分别为2.5 g/L和0.025 g/L,搅拌时间8 min,温度25℃,pH值为6时可取得最佳的絮凝效果;对COD的最佳去除率为37.5%。GC-MS分析结果表明,焦化原水经PAC和PAM混凝预处理后主要去除物为苯酚类有机物,可采用碱沉淀法对其进行分离和资源化回收。     

混凝沉降法及Fenton氧化法预处理脱模剂废水的研究

分别采用混凝法和Fenton氧化法对齿轮生产车间脱模剂废水进行预处理,旨在降低其COD浓度,提高其可生化性,为后续生化处理做铺垫.混凝法使用FeCl3、PAC和复合混凝剂进行实验,经各项参数比对得出,在PAC投加量为1 400mg/L,原水pH调至7.0,沉淀时间为40min时,废水的COD去除率最高,可达96.8%.通过Fenton氧化实验得出,在H2O2投加量为6.6g/L,H2O2/Fe2+为10,原水pH调至3.0,反应时间为60min时,处理效果最好,COD去除率为88.4%.可见对于此类废水,在最佳条件下,选用混凝法处理效果更佳.     

内电解- 混凝- 吸附法处理松香及樟脑生产废水

研究采用内电解-混凝-吸附法处理松香及樟脑生产废水，处理出水可达国家污水综合排放标准的一级标准。其中，内电解处理可去除50％以上的CODcr，同时提高混凝时矾花的沉降速度；混凝处理选用PAC为混凝剂，PAM为助凝剂，最佳投加量分别为150mg/L和5mg/L。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-