人工气候老化对热塑性弹性体SBS结构与性能的影响

利用紫外老化试验箱,对热塑性弹性体SBS进行人工加速老化实验,采用色度计、显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和力学试验机研究人工气候老化对SBS的颜色、表面形貌、显微结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着老化时间的延长,SBS表面颜色逐渐变黄,裂纹逐渐变密,有羰基>CO生成,试样的断裂强度、扯断伸长率和撕裂强度先迅速降低,然后趋于稳定;而邵氏硬度随老化时间逐渐增大;其力学性能向硬而脆的方向发展;扯断伸长率变化幅度是检测降解变化的最明显指标.     

光辐射对丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层防腐保护性能的影响

以氙灯为光源,对丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层/碳钢体系进行人工加速老化实验,用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、光学显微镜和光泽仪对老化的涂层进行分析表征,用盐雾实验测试涂层老化后的防腐性能,初步探讨了光辐射对涂层保护性能的影响.结果表明,不同老化周期的体系在盐雾实验后,表面涂层的保护状态均基本完好,但膜下金属腐蚀程度随老化时间的增加而加剧.其原因是:光辐射使涂层中C—N键断裂,且随老化时间的延长,涂层表面粗糙程度增加,光泽度下降;涂层化学结构及表面状态的变化加速了腐蚀介质在涂层中的渗透,从而导致膜下金属腐蚀加重.     

不饱和聚酯基玻璃钢的紫外线老化试验

以紫外线灯为光源,对玻璃钢材料进行了紫外线人工加速老化试验,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、差式扫描量热仪(DSC)等对老化前后试样进行表征.结果表明:老化后的试样表面出现不均匀裂纹,拉伸强度呈先上升后明显下降趋势.短期紫外线辐射会引起试样的后固化,造成玻璃化温度(tg)及拉伸强度的上升;而长时间的光老化降解作用会导致大分子链断裂,造成tg和拉伸强度的下降.     

三元乙丙橡胶热氧老化后的力学性能

针对黏贴在火箭发动机壳体内表面作为耐烧蚀隔热保护材料三元乙丙的老化问题,研究了硫磺、含硫化合物、过氧化物等硫化体系对老化性能的影响.利用SEM微观检测手段和宏观力学性能实验研究了过氧化物硫化体系EPDM热氧老化前后的表面形貌、表面组分相对含量、压缩永久变形、压缩应力松弛特性等.研究结果表明:过氧化物硫化体系使EPDM橡胶内生成性能更为稳定的C-C交联键,耐热性能最好;EPDM橡胶的热分解为一步降解,老化前后样品各温度阶段的失重量、全温度范围内总的失重量以及最大热分解温度均无明显差异;通过表面组份分析可知,老化中增塑剂（癸二酸二丁酯）出现了向表面迁移的现象,但没有发生明显的挥发;采用过氧化物硫化体系的EPDM橡胶老化后,压缩永久变形保留率、压缩应力松弛和拉伸强度三种性能均有一定程度的劣化,且老化温度越高,变化程度越大.      

团状模塑料增强三元乙丙橡胶

以三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)为连续相(基相),团状模塑料(DM C)为分散相(增强相)制备EPDM/DM C复合材料;测定了试样性能,并确定最佳配比。结果表明:EPDM与DM C相容性较好,可进行共硫化;mDM C/mEPDM=100/90时,共混物的力学性能和耐热老化性能较好;用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为硫化剂,试样的耐热老化性能较好,硬度和扯断伸长率无明显变化,用过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为硫化剂,试样的扯断伸长率和耐热老化性能有明显改善。改性后复合材料的综合性能兼有两种材料的优点。     

硬质聚氯乙烯的热老化性能研究

采用力学性能测试、扫描电镜、红外光谱(FT-IR)等方法研究了硬质聚氯乙烯的热老化性能. 结果表明:随着热老化时间的增加, 试样表面颜色逐渐变深, 其拉伸强度变化不大, 断裂伸长率呈先快速后平缓下降.     

三元乙丙橡胶老化与气候关联性及老化程度全国分布预测

利用三元乙丙橡胶( EPDM)在我国11个典型大气站点暴晒3年的老化数据及气候环境数据,基于对EPDM老化行为分析以及气候环境对EPDM作用机制,探究EPDM老化与气候因子之间的关联性。通过因子分析与逼近理想解排序法,将多个老化指标转化为综合老化值;由灰色关联度分析,得到影响EPDM老化的关键气候因子为辐照度、湿度、温度和降雨;通过BP人工神经网络,建立EPDM综合老化值与气候因子间关联模型。利用我国97个地市级城市气象数据,预测EPDM在未试验地区综合老化值,可视化得到EPDM在我国的老化分布图。图形表明,EPDM在我国西部地区,新疆南部、云南南端、广东南部、海南、台湾等地区老化程度较严重。     

强紫外线下超高分子量聚乙烯薄板材料的力学性能研究

为了预测和防止高海拔地区超高分子量聚乙烯材料在强紫外线作用下发生老化从而影响工程正常使用和造成严重安全事故,对暴露在室外环境下极容易受到紫外线作用而发生老化的高分子聚乙烯材料进行常温强紫外线人工环境下的老化处理。老化处理后的试样采用扫描透射电镜(EMS)分析其表面微观结构;并用拉伸试验机进行单轴拉伸,分析应力(σ)-应变(ε)曲线、拉伸强度(σ_b)、拉伸弹性模量(E)、断后伸长率(δ_n)及最大力;用ANSYS软件对不考虑温度影响下的试样进行交变荷载条件下的疲劳寿命分析。结果表明:随着强紫外线老化时间增加,应力(σ)-应变(ε)曲线无明显的屈服阶段,拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量、断后伸长率及最大力的变化是先下降然后逐步趋于稳定,而强紫外线照射时长对疲劳寿命影响不明显。该结果为超高分子量聚乙烯薄板的工程安全应用提供参考。     

H_2O_2对涂层老化行为影响研究

采用光泽度、色差检测及SEM分析,研究H_2O_2对涂层加速老化行为。考察了H_2O_2浓度、辐照强度和辐照时间对涂层失效特征的影响。实验结果表明,涂层的失光率和黄变系数随着H_2O_2浓度、辐照强度和辐照时间的增加而呈上升趋势。开展了紫外加速老化、氙灯加速老化和H_2O_2+氙灯加速老化三种老化实验,并探讨他们之间的相关性。结果表明,H_2O_2+氙灯加速老化效果强于其它两种老化方法,基于紫外加速老化方法的加速因子为30,基于氙灯加速老化方法的加速因子为80。     

产业用纤维材料的耐候性和耐热性研究

本文对我国常用的几种产业用纤维材料的耐候性和热老化性能进行了测试分析。随着室外老化和仪器老化时间的增加,纤维材料强度和断裂伸长率降低;同时,纤维因受气候条件的侵蚀而表面下陷,出现斑点、凹坑和裂纹.仪器老化能较好地模拟室外自然老化试验,且数据稳定,试验周期短。两者的强度保持率随着老化时间均按指数规律 Y=ae~(bx)降低,试验常数 a 和 b 决定于纤维品种,规格和气候老化条件等参数。在经130℃热老化处理后,常用几种产业用纤维的强伸性能均发生不同程度的恶化;但在80℃条件下,性能变化较小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-